1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 49.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 7.00 |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 15.00 |
| 米糠Rice bran | 13.00 |
| 大豆皮Soybean hull | 13.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.14 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 |
| L-赖氨酸L-Lys | 0.34 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.22 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.11 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 13.14 |
| 粗纤维CF | 5.20 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.82 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.27 |
| 钙Ca | 0.63 |
| 总磷TP | 0.62 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 6 000 IU,VB1 1 mg,VB2 6.4 mg,VB6 2.4 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,VD3 400 IU,VE 10 IU,VK3 2 mg,VC 20 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.2 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 10 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 14 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 60 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 6 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 60 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 10 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.3 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.3 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值[参照NRC(2012)],粗蛋白质(GB/T 6432—2018)、粗纤维(GB/T 6434—2006)、钙(GB/T 6436—2018)、总磷(GB/T 6437—2018)和氨基酸(GB/T 18246—2019)为实测值。ME was a calculated value according to NRC (2012), while CP (GB/T 6432—2018), CF (GB/T 6434—2006), Ca (GB/T 6436—2018), TP (GB/T 6437—2018) and amino acids (GB/T 18246—2019) were measured values. |
1.2 检测指标及检测方法
1.2.1 生长性能指标测定
1.2.2 屠宰性能及胴体与肉质性状的测定
1.2.3 血清生化指标及激素含量的测定
1.2.4 脂质代谢相关基因表达的测定
表2 引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 产物大小 Product size/bp |
|---|---|---|
| 3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶 GAPDH | F:CCTGGAGAAACCTGCAAAATA R:AACCTGGTCCTCAGTGTAGCC | 100 |
| 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶 ACC | F:AAGCATACCTCCCACCGC R:GACGCTCTGAGAAATAGCACATC | 253 |
| 脂肪酸合成酶 FASN | F:CCACTCCAAGCAGGCGAA R:GCTCACACCCACCCAGACA | 136 |
| 过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α PPARα | F: GCTGGACGACAGTGACCTTT R:AGTTTGAGCACATGCACGATAC | 123 |
| 脂肪酸转运蛋白1 FATP1 | F:CCTCTGCGTCGCTTTGAT R:CCCAGTTCGTCCATCACC | 148 |
| 甘油三酯脂酶 ATGL | F:ATGTCATCATAACCCACTTCGC R:CGCAGTACACGGGAATGAAG | 81 |
1.3 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪生长性能的影响
表3 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary supplementation with CCS and CBet on growth performance of Sujiang pigs |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | CCS组 CCS group | CBet组 CBet group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始体重Initial BW/kg | 60.67±2.59 | 60.89±2.91 | 60.72±2.42 | 0.966 |
| 终末体重Final BW/kg | 90.89±5.71 | 91.78±5.44 | 91.67±4.73 | 0.861 |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 671.60±95.98 | 686.42±78.43 | 687.65±77.91 | 0.819 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/kg | 2.19±0.11 | 2.18±0.06 | 2.20±0.06 | 0.914 |
| 料重比F/G | 3.27±0.21 | 3.17±0.08 | 3.21±0.06 | 0.725 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪屠宰性能及胴体和肉质性状的影响
表4 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪屠宰性能及胴体和肉质性状的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary supplementation with CCS and CBet on slaughter performance, carcass and meat quality traits of Sujiang pigs |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | CCS组 CCS group | CBet组 CBet group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前重Weight before slaughter/kg | 92.17±6.25 | 92.33±6.08 | 93.75±5.46 | 0.880 |
| 胴体重Weight of carcass/kg | 33.28±2.56 | 33.56±2.88 | 33.93±2.53 | 0.915 |
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage/% | 72.18±1.70 | 72.64±2.70 | 72.33±2.05 | 0.935 |
| 背膘厚Backfat thickness/mm | 27.80±2.28a | 24.82±1.59b | 25.03±1.44b | 0.036 |
| 瘦肉率Lean meat rate/% | 56.02±0.72b | 57.35±1.21a | 57.28±1.14a | 0.046 |
| 眼肌面积Loin eye area/cm2 | 25.45±1.38 | 26.71±0.88 | 26.80±1.43 | 0.146 |
| 大理石纹评分Marbling score | 2.83±0.61 | 2.58±0.86 | 2.67±0.93 | 0.863 |
| 肌内脂肪含量IMF content/% | 3.80±1.27b | 4.00±0.91b | 4.94±0.45a | 0.048 |
| 板油重Leaf-fat weight/kg | 1.22±0.14a | 1.01±0.16b | 1.06±0.11b | 0.035 |
2.3 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪血清生化指标的影响
表5 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary supplementation with CCS and CBet on serum biochemical indices of Sujiang pigs |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | CCS组 CCS group | CBet组 CBet group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 63.35±3.12b | 67.15±2.54a | 66.92±2.10a | 0.041 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 43.84±3.64 | 44.98±2.49 | 46.05±1.35 | 0.365 |
| 球蛋白GLO/(g/L) | 19.58±4.78 | 21.44±3.63 | 20.87±2.14 | 0.857 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 3.87±0.39a | 3.46±0.21b | 3.16±0.56b | 0.029 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.69±0.16a | 0.52±0.11b | 0.55±0.15b | 0.048 |
2.4 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪血清激素含量的影响
表6 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪血清激素含量的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary supplementation with CCS and CBet on serum hormone contents of Sujiang pigs |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | CCS组 CCS group | CBet组 CBet group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 生长激素GH/(ng/mL) | 17.07±3.77 | 18.13±5.27 | 18.52±3.69 | 0.696 |
| 生长抑素SS/(pg/mL) | 27.79±5.85 | 26.27±4.32 | 26.70±6.09 | 0.784 |
| 甲状腺素T4/(pmol/L) | 27.46±6.13 | 25.44±5.97 | 27.34±7.79 | 0.711 |
| 胃泌素GAS/(pg/mL) | 56.03±15.24 | 55.94±14.31 | 56.24±10.93 | 0.998 |
| 胰岛素INS/(mIU/L) | 41.43±9.74Aa | 26.59±9.98Bb | 33.29±7.84ABb | 0.002 |
2.5 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪背膘和肝脏组织中脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响
表7 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪背膘组织中脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响Table 7 Effects of dietary supplementation with CCS and CBet on expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in backfat tissue of Sujiang pigs |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | CCS组 CCS group | CBet组 CBet group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶ACC | 1.00±0.06a | 0.56±0.16b | 0.45±0.23b | 0.016 |
| 脂肪酸合成酶FASN | 1.00±0.16a | 0.62±0.11b | 0.51±0.18b | 0.016 |
| 过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α PPARα | 1.00±0.18b | 5.58±2.38a | 6.51±2.61a | 0.034 |
| 脂肪酸转运蛋白1 FATP1 | 1.00±0.06b | 1.41±0.26b | 2.21±0.54a | 0.014 |
| 甘油三酯脂酶ATGL | 1.00±0.12a | 0.77±0.16ab | 0.46±0.29b | 0.044 |
表8 饲粮中添加CCS和CBet对苏姜猪肝脏组织中脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响Table 8 Effects of dietary supplementation with CCS and CBet on expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in liver tissue of Sujiang pigs |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | CCS组 CCS group | CBet组 CBet group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶ACC | 1.00±0.11a | 0.51±0.19b | 0.42±0.21b | 0.014 |
| 脂肪酸合成酶FASN | 1.00±0.03a | 0.42±0.25b | 0.45±0.26b | 0.025 |
| 过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α PPARα | 1.00±0.11b | 1.49±0.22a | 1.74±0.41a | 0.043 |
| 脂肪酸转运蛋白1 FATP1 | 1.00±0.12 | 0.85±0.13 | 0.71±0.18 | 0.121 |
| 甘油三酯脂酶ATGL | 1.00±0.11 | 0.76±0.21 | 0.78±0.22 | 0.279 |

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