1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 61.92 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal (CP, 48%) | 25.48 |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 1.26 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 1.00 |
| 碳酸钙CaCO3 | 8.01 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.39 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine (99%) | 0.15 |
| 苏氨酸Threonine (30%) | 0.02 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 |
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 0.20 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) | 0.10 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.02 |
| 微量元素预混料Trace mineral premix2) | 0.15 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.34 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.50 |
| 钙Ca | 3.50 |
| 总磷TP | 0.65 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.32 |
| 可消化赖氨酸DLys | 0.77 |
| 可消化蛋氨酸DMet | 0.38 |
| 可消化苏氨酸DThr | 0.55 |
| 可消化色氨酸DTrp | 0.17 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克基础饲粮提供 Vitamin premix premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 9 750 IU,VB1 2.6 mg,VB2 6 mg,VB6 4 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,VD33 750 IU,VE 25 IU,VK3 3 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.0 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 8.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 35 mg。 2)微量元素预混料为每千克基础饲粮提供 Trace mineral premix provided the following per kg of the basal diet:Cu (CuSO4) 10 mg,Fe (FeSO4) 80 mg,Mn (MnSO4) 120 mg,Zn (ZnSO4) 110 mg,I (KI) 1.40 mg,Se (Na2SeO3) 0.30 mg。 3)代谢能、有效磷和可消化氨基酸为参考《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2020年第31版)》所得计算值,粗蛋白质(GB/T 6432—2018)、总磷(GB/T 6437—2018)和钙(GB/T 6436—2018)为实测值。ME, AP and digestible amino acids were calculated with reference to the Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritional Values in China (3lst edition, 2020), while CP (GB/T 6432—2018), TP (GB/T 6437—2018) and Ca (GB/T 6436—2018) were measured values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 测定指标及方法
1.5.1 蛋品质测定
1.5.2 蛋壳质量测定
1.5.3 蛋壳腺(子宫)钙代谢相关基因测定
表2 基因引物序列Table 2 Gene primer sequence |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 登录号 Accession number | 产物大小 Product size/bp |
|---|---|---|---|
| β-肌动蛋白β-actin | F:GCTACAGCTTCACCACCACA R:TCTCCTGCTCGAAATCCAGT | NM_205518.1 | 90 |
| 钙ATP酶CaATP | F:TGAACGAAAGCGTCGGGCTGAGC R:CTCAAACCACGCCAGCACGAAGG | M26064 | 185 |
| 钙结合蛋白D28k CaBP-D28k | F:GACTTCATGCAGACATGGAGA R:CTTGATCGTACATCTCAAAGGC | NM_205513 | 299 |
| 碳酸酐酶CA | F:AGACTTCATGCAGACATGGAGA R:CTTGATCGTACATCTCAAAGC | NM_205317 | 250 |
| 雌激素受体α ERα | F:TTCAAGGGGAGGAATTTGTG R:TGTCCAGAACACGGTGGATA | NM_205183.2 | 123 |
1.6 统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 有机锰、锌和纳米硒-褐藻寡糖对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响
表3 饲粮中添加有机锰、锌和纳米硒-褐藻寡糖对第12周蛋鸡蛋品质的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary organic manganese, zinc and nano-selenium alginate oligosaccharides supplementation on egg quality of laying hens at week 12 |
| 项目 Items | 蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength/ (kg/cm2) | 蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness/ mm | 蛋白高度 Albumen height/ mm | 蛋黄颜色 Yolk color | 哈氏单位 Haugh unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别Groups | |||||
| NC | 4.14b | 0.39 | 5.70 | 7.12 | 72.86 |
| PC | 4.80a | 0.39 | 5.34 | 6.95 | 69.70 |
| MnG | 4.61a | 0.40 | 5.60 | 6.84 | 73.70 |
| ZnG | 4.47ab | 0.39 | 6.04 | 6.98 | 75.02 |
| SeG | 4.80a | 0.39 | 6.43 | 6.79 | 77.43 |
| SEM | 0.134 | 0.007 | 0.290 | 0.104 | 1.854 |
| P值P-value | 0.010 | 0.667 | 0.096 | 0.190 | 0.064 |
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
Different lowercase letters of shoulder label in the same column indicated significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
表4 饲粮中添加有机锰、锌和纳米硒-褐藻寡糖对鸡蛋暗斑评分比例及平均值的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary organic manganese, zinc and nano-selenium alginate oligosaccharides supplementation on proportion and mean of egg dark spot score |
| 项目 Items | 暗斑评分比例Dark spot score proportion/% | 平均值 Mean | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 0~2 | 3~5 | ||
| 第4周Week 4 | |||||||||
| 组别Groups | |||||||||
| NC | 31.03 | 37.93 | 13.79 | 13.79 | 3.45 | 0.00 | 82.76 | 17.24 | 1.06d |
| PC | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.93 | 51.85 | 22.22 | 0.00 | 25.93 | 74.07 | 2.98a |
| MnG | 4.00 | 36.00 | 40.00 | 12.00 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 80.00 | 20.00 | 1.83bc |
| ZnG | 0.00 | 35.00 | 25.00 | 40.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 60.00 | 40.00 | 2.07b |
| SeG | 3.45 | 44.83 | 44.83 | 6.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 93.10 | 6.90 | 1.57c |
| SEM | 0.151 | ||||||||
| P值P-value | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 第8周Week 8 | |||||||||
| 组别Groups | |||||||||
| NC | 48.15 | 22.22 | 14.81 | 11.11 | 3.70 | 0.00 | 85.19 | 14.81 | 1.02c |
| PC | 0.00 | 0.00 | 13.64 | 59.09 | 27.27 | 0.00 | 13.64 | 86.36 | 3.10a |
| MnG | 4.17 | 20.83 | 33.33 | 37.50 | 4.17 | 0.00 | 58.33 | 41.67 | 2.18b |
| ZnG | 0.00 | 33.33 | 23.81 | 42.86 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 57.14 | 42.86 | 1.97b |
| SeG | 0.00 | 40.74 | 25.93 | 29.63 | 3.70 | 0.00 | 66.67 | 33.33 | 2.03b |
| SEM | 0.155 | ||||||||
| P值P-value | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 第12周Week 12 | |||||||||
| 组别Groups | |||||||||
| NC | 31.82 | 40.91 | 4.55 | 22.73 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 77.27 | 22.73 | 1.18c |
| PC | 0.00 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 52.00 | 28.00 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 80.00 | 3.10a |
| MnG | 4.76 | 33.33 | 42.86 | 14.29 | 4.76 | 0.00 | 80.95 | 19.05 | 1.80b |
| ZnG | 0.00 | 36.84 | 31.58 | 31.58 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 68.42 | 31.58 | 1.97b |
| SeG | 0.00 | 35.71 | 42.86 | 21.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 78.57 | 21.43 | 1.87b |
| SEM | 0.167 | ||||||||
| P值P-value | <0.001 | ||||||||
比例是指各暗斑评分鸡蛋在总鸡蛋数目中所占的百分比。 | |
Proportion refered to the percentage of eggs scored by dark spot in the total number of eggs. |
2.2 有机锰、锌和纳米硒-褐藻寡糖对蛋鸡蛋壳质量的影响
表5 饲粮中添加有机锰、锌和纳米硒-褐藻寡糖对第12周蛋鸡蛋壳质量的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary organic manganese, zinc and nano-selenium alginate oligosaccharides supplementation on eggshell quality of laying hens at week 12 |
| 项目 Items | 化学组成Chemical composition/% | 超微结构Ultrastructure/μm | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水分 Moisture | 粗灰分 Ash | 钙 Calcium | 磷 Phosphorus | 蛋壳 总厚度 Total eggshell thickness | 有效层 厚度 Effective layer thickness | 乳突层 厚度 Mammillary layer thickness | ||
| 组别Groups | ||||||||
| NC | 0.65b | 45.92 | 7.94a | 0.08ab | 394.17 | 359.14 | 32.71b | |
| PC | 1.04a | 45.60 | 6.18bc | 0.08ab | 397.20 | 343.39 | 53.69a | |
| MnG | 0.58b | 46.21 | 8.98a | 0.13a | 399.26 | 355.45 | 34.94b | |
| ZnG | 0.64b | 46.32 | 7.58ab | 0.13a | 369.41 | 326.44 | 43.45ab | |
| SeG | 0.64b | 45.76 | 4.68c | 0.06b | 389.93 | 351.58 | 35.37b | |
| SEM | 0.066 | 0.789 | 0.551 | 0.019 | 13.976 | 13.096 | 3.453 | |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | 0.963 | <0.001 | 0.028 | 0.562 | 0.388 | <0.001 | |
表6 饲粮中添加有机锰、锌和纳米硒-褐藻寡糖对第12周蛋鸡蛋壳膜质量的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary organic manganese, zinc and nano-selenium alginate oligosaccharides supplementation on quality of eggshell membrane of laying hens at week 12 % |
| 项目 Items | 水分 Moisture | 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 天冬氨酸 Aspartic | 苏氨酸 Threonine | 丝氨酸 Serine | 谷氨酸 Glutamic acid | 甘氨酸 Glycine | 丙氨酸 Alanine | 胱氨酸 Cysteine | 缬氨酸 Valine | 蛋氨酸 Methionine | 异亮氨酸 Isoleucine | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别Groups | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| NC | 27.67 | 82.26a | 6.19ab | 4.20a | 4.07abc | 9.43 | 4.37a | 2.04bc | 6.17a | 4.90bc | 2.70 | 2.33b | ||||||||||
| PC | 33.22 | 78.67b | 5.91b | 4.00b | 3.90c | 8.92 | 4.11bc | 2.01c | 5.81bc | 4.77c | 2.73 | 2.30b | ||||||||||
| MnG | 28.89 | 82.21a | 6.28a | 4.21a | 4.11ab | 9.33 | 4.32a | 2.14ab | 6.18a | 5.10a | 2.86 | 2.46a | ||||||||||
| ZnG | 27.94 | 83.25a | 6.23a | 4.23a | 4.13a | 9.31 | 4.29ab | 2.21a | 6.06ab | 5.06ab | 2.82 | 2.49a | ||||||||||
| SeG | 28.99 | 81.77a | 6.01ab | 3.97b | 3.95bc | 9.25 | 4.08c | 2.12ab | 5.69c | 4.82c | 2.82 | 2.35b | ||||||||||
| SEM | 1.667 | 0.662 | 0.095 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.143 | 0.062 | 0.034 | 0.103 | 0.066 | 0.044 | 0.033 | ||||||||||
| P值P-value | 0.143 | <0.001 | 0.037 | 0.037 | 0.022 | 0.130 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.067 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 项目 Items | 亮氨酸 Leucine | 酪氨酸 Tyrosine | 苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine | 赖氨酸 Lysine | 组氨酸 Histidine | 精氨酸 Arginine | 脯氨酸 Proline | 必需氨基酸 EAA | 非必需氨基酸 NEAA | 总氨基酸 Total amino acid | ||||||||||||
| 组别Groups | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| NC | 3.48abc | 1.47c | 1.38bc | 2.53bc | 2.82a | 5.30a | 7.12a | 17.32b | 53.18a | 70.50a | ||||||||||||
| PC | 3.34c | 1.42c | 1.31c | 2.44c | 2.67b | 5.05b | 6.66b | 16.88b | 50.48b | 67.35b | ||||||||||||
| MnG | 3.55ab | 1.52ab | 1.42ab | 2.64a | 2.92a | 5.37a | 6.63b | 18.03a | 53.02a | 71.06a | ||||||||||||
| ZnG | 3.60a | 1.59a | 1.48a | 2.63ab | 2.90a | 5.29a | 6.51b | 18.08a | 52.75a | 70.83a | ||||||||||||
| SeG | 3.40c | 1.51b | 1.46ab | 2.45c | 2.60b | 4.89b | 5.97c | 17.29b | 50.04b | 67.34b | ||||||||||||
| SEM | 0.053 | 0.024 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.036 | 0.074 | 0.098 | 0.237 | 0.724 | 0.952 | ||||||||||||
| P值P-value | 0.007 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.008 | ||||||||||||
2.3 有机锰、锌和纳米硒-褐藻寡糖对蛋鸡蛋壳腺功能的影响
表7 饲粮添加有机锰、锌和纳米硒-褐藻寡糖对蛋鸡蛋壳腺基因表达的影响Table 7 Effects of dietary organic manganese, zinc and nano-selenium alginate oligosaccharides supplementation on eggshell gland gene expression of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 雌激素受体α ERα | 碳酸酐酶 CA | 钙ATP酶 CaATP | 钙结合蛋白D28k CaBP-D28k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别Groups | ||||
| NC | 1.00b | 1.00c | 1.00 | 1.00a |
| PC | 0.78b | 1.39bc | 0.60 | 0.29b |
| MnG | 1.68ab | 2.91a | 1.17 | 1.02a |
| ZnG | 2.23a | 2.56ab | 1.15 | 0.70ab |
| SeG | 2.27a | 2.53ab | 0.78 | 0.53ab |
| SEM | 0.303 | 0.448 | 0.168 | 0.187 |
| P值P-value | 0.002 | 0.015 | 0.090 | 0.038 |

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