1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计和饲粮
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | Con组Con group | S1组S1 group | S2组S2 group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 26.00 | 26.00 | 26.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 8.00 | 6.00 | 8.00 |
| 胚芽粕Germ meal | 9.00 | 8.00 | 9.00 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 |
| 葵仁粕Sunflower seed meal | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 5.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 |
| 花生秧Peanut vine | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 |
| 苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal | 16.50 | 16.50 | 16.50 |
| 玉米秸秆Corn stalk | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| 复合酵母培养物Compound yeast culture | 5.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.79 | 10.69 | 10.79 |
| 干物质DM | 89.79 | 89.72 | 89.79 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.64 | 15.29 | 15.64 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 21.84 | 22.28 | 21.84 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 34.19 | 34.72 | 34.19 |
| 钙Ca | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.29 |
| 磷P | 0.51 | 0.48 | 0.51 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:Fe 50 mg,Cu 10 mg,Zn 40 mg,Mn 45 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 60 mg,I 0.6 mg,Se 0.2 mg,VA 2 400 IU,VD 1 200 IU,VE 40 IU,Ca≥300 mg,P≥20 mg,Co 20 mg。 2)消化能为计算值,其余营养水平为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 瘤胃上皮参数
1.3.3 瘤胃上皮紧密连接蛋白mRNA相对表达量
表2 基因引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences of genes |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 片段长度 Fragment length/bp |
|---|---|---|
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GADPH | F:GGCGTGAACCACGAGAAGTA R:GGCGTGGACAGTGGTCATAA | 110 |
| 封闭蛋白-1 Claudin-1 | F:CCCGGTCAATGCCAGGTATG R:TTGTTTTCCGGGGACAGGAG | 133 |
| 封闭蛋白-4 Claudin-4 | F:TCTACAACCCCCTGGTAGCC R:GAGTAGGGCTTGTTGTTGCG | 150 |
| 闭合蛋白 Occludin | F:GGCCTCTGGGTCTCTCTACA R:TACAATGGCAATGGCCTCCT | 212 |
| 闭锁小带蛋白-1 ZO-1 | F:CCAGACACTCTCCACAGCAG R:TACACAGGCTTTGGCTCTGG | 250 |
1.3.4 瘤胃微生物16S rRNA测序
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊生长性能的影响
表3 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of compound yeast culture and β-glucan on growth performance of lambs |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time | Con组 Con group | S1组 S1 group | S2组 S2 group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(kg/d) | 第1~30天Days 1 to 30 | 0.83±0.12 | 0.82±0.15 | 0.82±0.14 | 0.998 |
| 第31~60天Days 31 to 60 | 1.40±0.16 | 1.41±0.15 | 1.40±0.18 | 0.995 | |
| 平均体重 ABW/kg | 第1天Day 1 | 12.60±1.05 | 12.57±0.99 | 12.58±1.10 | 0.990 |
| 第30天Day 30 | 20.24±1.07 | 20.36±1.18 | 19.75±1.15 | 0.435 | |
| 第60天Day 60 | 31.30±1.09 | 32.14±1.29 | 30.95±1.31 | 0.310 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 第1~30天Days 1 to 30 | 254.30±9.55a | 259.61±11.15a | 238.92±12.21b | 0.004 |
| 第31~60天Days 31 to 60 | 367.52±13.65b | 391.35±15.54a | 372.95±10.32b | 0.030 | |
| 第1~60天Days 1 to 60 | 310.30±23.14 | 325.94±20.50 | 305.60±14.32 | 0.812 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃上皮生长发育的影响
图1 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃上皮组织形态的影响A:Con组 Con group;B:S1组 S1 group;C:S2组 S2 group。 Fig.1 Effects of compound yeast culture and β-glucan on morphology of rumen epithelial tissue of lambs |
表4 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃上皮参数的影响Table 4 Effects of compound yeast culture and β-glucan on rumen epithelial parameters of lambs |
| 项目 Items | Con组 Con group | S1组 S1 group | S2组 S2 group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乳头长度Papilla length/mm | 2.38±0.28b | 2.82±0.34a | 2.40±0.25b | 0.006 |
| 乳头宽度Papilla width/mm | 0.40±0.04b | 0.53±0.06a | 0.50±0.13a | 0.035 |
| 乳头密度Papilla density/(个/cm2) | 75.30±6.02 | 80.65±9.63 | 78.23±7.54 | 0.598 |
| 乳头表面积Papilla surface area/(mm2/cm2) | 130.55±35.65b | 201.25±46.32a | 180.74±30.51a | 0.025 |
2.3 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃上皮紧密连接蛋白mRNA相对表达量的影响
图2 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃上皮紧密连接蛋白mRNA相对表达量的影响数据柱标记*表示差异显著(P<0.05),标记**(P<0.01)、***(P<0.001)和****(P<0.000 1)表示差异极显著。图4、图7和图9同。 Fig.2 Effects of compound yeast culture and β-glucan on mRNA relative expression level of tight junction protein in rumen epithelium of lambs Value columns marked with * mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with ** (P<0.01), *** (P<0.001) and **** (P<0.000 1) mean extremely significant difference. The same as Fig.4, Fig.7 and Fig.9. |
2.4 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃菌群的影响
2.4.1 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃菌群组成的影响
2.4.2 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃菌群alpha多样性的影响
2.4.3 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃菌群beta多样性的影响
2.4.4 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃菌群在门水平上相对丰度的影响
2.4.5 复合酵母培养物和β-葡聚糖对羔羊瘤胃菌群在属水平上相对丰度的影响
2.5 羔羊瘤胃上皮紧密连接蛋白mRNA相对表达量与瘤胃菌群相关性分析
图10 羔羊瘤胃上皮紧密连接蛋白mRNA相对表达量与瘤胃菌群相关性分析*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**(P<0.01)和***(P<0.001)表示极显著相关。 Fig.10 Correlation analysis between mRNA relative expression level of tight junction protein in rumen epithelium and rumen microbiota of lambs * indicated significant correlation (P<0.05), and ** (P<0.01) and *** (P<0.001) indicated extremely significant correlation. |

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