1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮Diets | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基础 Basal | 玉米DDGS 1 Corn DDGS 1 | 玉米 DDGS 2 Corn DDGS 2 | 玉米 DDGS 3 Corn DDGS 3 | 发酵玉米 DDGS Fermented corn DDGS | 玉米 淀粉渣1 Corn starch residue 1 | 玉米 淀粉渣2 Corn starch residue 2 | 玉米糖渣 Corn sugar residue | ||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 97.40 | 68.18 | 68.18 | 68.18 | 68.18 | 68.18 | 68.18 | 68.18 | |
| 玉米DDGS 1 Corn DDGS 1 | 29.22 | ||||||||
| 玉米DDGS 2 Corn DDGS 2 | 29.22 | ||||||||
| 玉米DDGS 3 Corn DDGS 3 | 29.22 | ||||||||
| 发酵玉米DDGS Fermented corn DDGS | 29.22 | ||||||||
| 玉米淀粉渣1 Corn starch residue 1 | 29.22 | ||||||||
| 玉米淀粉渣2 Corn starch residue 2 | 29.22 | ||||||||
| 玉米糖渣Sugar residue | 29.22 | ||||||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 15.40 | 16.64 | 16.77 | 16.68 | 16.08 | 17.04 | 14.79 | 18.22 | |
| 干物质DM | 86.64 | 88.72 | 87.21 | 87.69 | 87.98 | 88.41 | 88.80 | 89.08 | |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 8.19 | 13.21 | 14.43 | 14.38 | 11.61 | 13.56 | 12.87 | 12.91 | |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.01 | 2.71 | 3.59 | 3.55 | 4.85 | 3.73 | 2.92 | 10.31 | |
| 粗灰分Ash | 3.05 | 4.53 | 3.82 | 4.05 | 4.67 | 3.77 | 3.93 | 3.89 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 8.61 | 14.98 | 14.63 | 16.37 | 12.13 | 22.08 | 21.78 | 7.71 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 2.54 | 4.54 | 4.01 | 4.60 | 4.28 | 6.82 | 7.58 | 2.27 | |
1) 预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 5 512 IU,VD3 2 200 IU,VE 30 IU,VK3 2.2 mg,VB12 27.6 μg,核黄素 riboflavin 4.0 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 14.0 mg,烟酸 niacin 30.0 mg,胆碱 choline chloride 400.0 mg,叶酸 folacin 0.7 mg,硫胺素 thiamine 1.5 mg,VB6 3.0 mg,生物素 biotin 44.0 μg,Mn 40.0 mg,Fe 75.0 mg,Zn 75.0 mg,Cu 100.0 mg,I 0.3 mg,Se 0.3 mg。 2) 营养水平为测定值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 样品采集
1.4 样品分析
1.5 计算
1.6 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 玉米深加工副产物营养成分
表2 玉米深加工副产物营养成分(风干基础)Table 2 Nutrient contents of corn deep-processing byproducts (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 玉米 DDGS 1 Corn DDGS 1 | 玉米 DDGS 2 Corn DDGS 2 | 玉米 DDGS 3 Corn DDGS 3 | 发酵玉米 DDGS Fermented corn DDGS | 玉米 淀粉渣1 Corn starch residue 1 | 玉米 淀粉渣2 Corn starch residue 2 | 玉米糖渣 Sugar residue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 89.96 | 86.29 | 89.47 | 79.61 | 92.61 | 91.23 | 95.38 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 5.89 | 4.25 | 4.68 | 7.84 | 7.76 | 4.01 | 8.81 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 12.90 | 8.30 | 8.42 | 6.43 | 11.88 | 7.44 | 30.10 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 36.91 | 33.01 | 40.45 | 25.45 | 43.27 | 48.14 | 4.69 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 10.46 | 11.38 | 15.40 | 10.00 | 17.78 | 22.19 | 2.03 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 27.16 | 28.70 | 29.58 | 25.25 | 28.48 | 27.34 | 26.29 |
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 20.06 | 19.88 | 19.92 | 17.16 | 20.81 | 17.02 | 24.92 |
2.2 饲粮有效能和营养物质表观全肠道消化率
表3 饲粮有效能和营养物质表观全肠道消化率Table 3 Available energy and apparent total intestinal digestibility of nutrients of diets |
| 项目 Items | 基础 Basal | 玉米 DDGS 1 Corn DDGS 1 | 玉米 DDGS 2 Corn DDGS 2 | 玉米 DDGS 3 Corn DDGS 3 | 发酵玉米 DDGS Fermented corn DDGS | 玉米 淀粉渣1 Corn starch residue 1 | 玉米 淀粉渣2 Corn starch residue 2 | 玉米糖渣 Corn sugar residue | SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 风干基础Air-dry basis | |||||||||||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 13.97b | 13.51b | 13.54b | 13.43b | 12.53c | 14.16ab | 11.33d | 14.73a | 0.155 | <0.001 | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 13.60ab | 12.99bc | 13.01b | 12.95bc | 12.34c | 13.80ab | 11.01d | 14.28a | 0.181 | <0.001 | |
| 干物质基础DM basis | |||||||||||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 15.95ab | 15.23bc | 15.53b | 15.32bc | 14.24d | 16.02ab | 14.38cd | 16.54a | 0.202 | <0.001 | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 15.53ab | 14.64bc | 14.92b | 14.77bc | 14.03c | 15.61ab | 13.97c | 16.04a | 0.227 | <0.001 | |
| 代谢能/消化能ME/DE/% | 97.35b | 96.13c | 96.07c | 96.42bc | 98.50a | 97.49b | 97.19b | 96.95bc | 0.243 | <0.001 | |
| 表观全肠道消化率Apparent total tract digestibility/% | |||||||||||
| 总能GE | 84.13a | 81.19b | 80.77b | 80.52b | 77.94c | 83.11a | 76.61c | 80.87b | 0.310 | <0.001 | |
| 干物质DM | 82.89ab | 82.20bc | 81.51c | 81.40c | 79.12d | 83.75a | 77.99e | 81.74c | 0.281 | <0.001 | |
| 粗灰分Ash | 53.47b | 45.14c | 42.24cd | 46.89c | 54.03b | 59.49a | 37.04d | 61.48a | 1.852 | <0.001 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 54.72c | 50.70cd | 47.15d | 55.29c | 43.20d | 73.90a | 64.35b | 41.31d | 2.038 | <0.001 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 49.89c | 51.16bc | 49.99c | 57.38b | 46.68c | 69.60a | 67.37a | 37.88d | 2.112 | <0.001 | |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 71.12c | 74.80b | 79.81a | 75.88b | 72.74bc | 76.01ab | 70.13c | 72.56bc | 1.250 | <0.001 | |
2.3 饲粮营养成分与有效能相关性分析
表4 饲粮有效能与营养成分相关性分析Table 4 Correlation analysis between available energy and nutrient composition of diets |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗灰分 Ash | 粗脂肪 EE | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF | 粗蛋 白质 CP | 总能 GE | 消化能 DE | 代谢能 ME |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 粗灰分Ash | 0.22 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 0.36 | -0.17 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | -0.56 | -0.32 | -0.75 | 1.00 | |||||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | -0.68 | -0.20 | -0.69 | 0.96** | 1.00 | ||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 0.11 | -0.62 | -0.28 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 1.00 | |||
| 总能GE | 0.83** | -0.23 | 0.70* | -0.61 | -0.73* | 0.23 | 1.00 | ||
| 消化能DE | 0.84** | -0.28 | 0.56 | -0.46 | -0.61 | 0.34 | 0.98** | 1.00 | |
| 代谢能ME | 0.85** | -0.26 | 0.59 | -0.46 | -0.60 | 0.26 | 0.98** | 0.99** | 1.00 |
2.4 饲粮DE和ME预测方程的建立
表5 饲粮DE和ME预测方程的建立(风干基础)Table 5 Development of prediction equations for DE and ME in diets (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 预测方程 Prediction equations | 决定系数 R2 | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DE(MJ/kg)=1.049 8×GE(MJ/kg)-4.111 6 | 0.956 7 | <0.001 |
| 2 | DE(MJ/kg)=1.203 6×GE(MJ/kg)+0.050 6×NDF(%)-7.457 1 | 0.990 5 | <0.001 |
| 3 | DE(MJ/kg)=1.267 3×GE(MJ/kg)+0.033 5×NDF(%)-0.064 8×EE(%)-7.953 0 | 0.998 8 | <0.001 |
| 4 | ME(MJ/kg)=0.942 7×DE(MJ/kg)+0.355 5 | 0.989 8 | <0.001 |
2.5 玉米深加工副产物有效能和营养物质表观全肠道消化率
表6 玉米深加工副产物有效能和营养物质表观全肠道消化率Table 6 Available energy and apparent total intestinal digestibility of nutrients of corn deep-processing byproducts |
| 项目 Items | 玉米 DDGS 1 Corn DDGS 1 | 玉米 DDGS 2 Corn DDGS 2 | 玉米 DDGS 3 Corn DDGS 3 | 发酵玉米 DDGS Fermented corn DDGS | 玉米淀 粉渣1 Corn starch residue 1 | 玉米淀 粉渣2 Corn starch residue 2 | 玉米糖渣 Corn sugar residue | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 风干基础Air-dry basis | |||||||||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 13.35b | 13.97b | 13.59b | 11.06c | 17.40a | 7.72d | 19.37a | 0.633 | <0.001 |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.49bc | 12.93b | 12.73b | 10.77c | 16.58a | 7.02d | 18.22a | 0.688 | <0.001 |
| 干物质基础DM basis | |||||||||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 14.84b | 16.19b | 15.19b | 13.89b | 18.79a | 8.46c | 20.30a | 0.724 | <0.001 |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 13.88b | 14.98b | 14.23b | 13.53b | 17.90a | 7.70c | 19.10a | 0.780 | <0.001 |
| 代谢能/消化能ME/DE/% | 93.54bc | 92.56bc | 93.64bc | 97.40a | 95.28ab | 91.01c | 94.09bc | 0.931 | <0.001 |
| 表观全肠道消化率Apparent total intestinal digestibility/% | |||||||||
| 总能GE | 66.51c | 70.31c | 68.29c | 68.93c | 83.63a | 38.55d | 77.74b | 1.242 | <0.001 |
| 干物质DM | 64.53c | 68.30c | 67.01c | 75.69b | 81.47a | 35.48d | 74.68b | 1.331 | <0.001 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 63.29a | 50.66bc | 66.73a | 54.81ab | 42.91c | 21.08d | 43.57c | 3.243 | <0.001 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 43.00c | 39.01c | 50.05bc | 59.05b | 84.69a | 77.77a | 7.70d | 3.960 | <0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 51.14b | 30.11c | 36.34c | 43.92bc | 80.12a | 70.91a | 9.04d | 3.819 | <0.001 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 66.85c | 84.90a | 75.39b | 61.10c | 76.52b | 63.73c | 70.67bc | 2.743 | <0.001 |
2.6 玉米加工副产物营养成分与有效能相关性分析
表7 玉米深加工副产物有效能与营养成分相关性分析Table 7 Correlation analysis between available energy and nutrient composition of corn deep-processing byproducts |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗灰分 Ash | 粗脂肪 EE | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 粗蛋白质 CP | 总能 GE | 消化能 DE | 代谢能 ME |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 粗灰分Ash | 0.07 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 0.50 | 0.38 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 0.02 | -0.59 | -0.78* | 1.00 | |||||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | -0.01 | -0.65 | -0.76* | 0.97** | 1.00 | ||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 0.31 | -0.52 | -0.52 | 0.54 | 0.49 | 1.00 | |||
| 总能GE | 0.86** | 0.34 | 0.81** | -0.46 | -0.47 | 0.04 | 1.00 | ||
| 消化能DE | 0.51 | 0.70* | 0.62 | -0.49 | -0.59 | 0.11 | 0.71* | 1.00 | |
| 代谢能ME | 0.48 | 0.74* | 0.62 | -0.49 | -0.59 | 0.08 | 0.69* | 0.93** | 1.00 |
2.7 饲粮DE和ME预测方程的建立
表8 玉米深加工副产物DE和ME预测方程的建立(风干基础)Table 8 Development of prediction equations for DE and ME in corn deep-processing byproducts (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 预测方程 Prediction equations | 决定系数 R2 | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ME(MJ/kg)=0.954 6×DE(MJ/kg)-0.191 2 | 0.996 6 | <0.001 |
| 2 | ME(MJ/kg)=0.906 4×DE(MJ/kg)+0.121 7×Ash(%)-0.261 1 | 0.999 2 | <0.001 |
| 3 | ME(MJ/kg)=0.860 2×DE(MJ/kg)+0.124 9×CP(%)+0.224 5×Ash(%)-0.368 5 | 0.999 9 | <0.001 |

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