1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物及管理
表1 试验鹅批次、样本量及舍内环境控制情况Table 1 Batch, sample size and environmental control in house of experimental geese |
| 批次 Batches | 性别 Sex | 样本量 Sample size/只 | 试验时间 Test time | 舍内温湿度控制方式 Temperature and humidity control in house |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | 公鹅 | 191 | 2022-06-20—2022-07-18 | 湿帘、风机降温通风,大窗封闭式鹅舍 |
| 母鹅 | 111 | |||
Ⅱ | 公鹅 | 107 | 2022-06-30—2022-07-28 | |
| 母鹅 | 85 | |||
Ⅲ | 公鹅 | 179 | 2023-05-25—2023-06-22 | 湿帘、风机降温通风,小窗封闭式鹅舍 |
| 母鹅 | 184 | |||
Ⅳ | 公鹅 | 202 | 2023-06-27—2023-07-25 | |
| 母鹅 | 347 | |||
Ⅴ | 公鹅 | 259 | 2023-07-28—2023-08-25 | 湿帘、风机降温通风+冰砖降温, 小窗封闭式鹅舍 |
| 母鹅 | 260 |
1.2 测定性状与方法
1.3 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 性别、批次对渝州白鹅生长和饲料效率性状的影响
表2 性别、批次对渝州白鹅生长及饲料效率性状影响的方差分析Table 2 ANOVA on effects of sex and batch on growth and feed efficiency traits of Yuzhou white geese |
| 项目 Items | 因变量 Dependent variable | F值 F-value | 显著性 Significance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别 Sex | 6W BW | 207.400 | <0.001 | ||||
| 8W BW | 516.036 | <0.001 | |||||
| 10W BW | 693.317 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~8W ADG | 259.498 | <0.001 | |||||
| 9~10W ADG | 210.706 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~10W ADG | 394.402 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~8W ADFI | 437.096 | <0.001 | |||||
| 9~10W ADFI | 276.670 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~10W ADFI | 511.479 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~8W FCR | 61.117 | <0.001 | |||||
| 9~10W FCR | 81.797 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~10W FCR | 138.869 | <0.001 | |||||
| 批次 Batch | 6W BW | 126.681 | <0.001 | ||||
| 8W BW | 68.249 | <0.001 | |||||
| 10W BW | 10.603 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~8W ADG | 344.222 | <0.001 | |||||
| 9~10W ADG | 288.481 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~10W ADG | 260.711 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~8W ADFI | 132.525 | <0.001 | |||||
| 9~10W ADFI | 102.726 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~10W ADFI | 90.985 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~8W FCR | 557.191 | <0.001 | |||||
| 9~10W FCR | 454.198 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~10W FCR | 373.523 | <0.001 | |||||
| 性别×批次 Sex×batch | 6W BW | 4.781 | 0.001 | ||||
| 8W BW | 1.924 | 0.104 | |||||
| 10W BW | 0.671 | 0.612 | |||||
| 7~8W ADG | 12.338 | <0.001 | |||||
| 9~10W ADG | 12.740 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~10W ADG | 2.956 | 0.019 | |||||
| 7~8W ADFI | 12.611 | <0.001 | |||||
| 9~10W ADFI | 20.466 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~10W ADFI | 13.638 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~8W FCR | 5.837 | <0.001 | |||||
| 9~10W FCR | 23.054 | <0.001 | |||||
| 7~10W FCR | 5.144 | <0.001 |
6W:6周龄 6 weeks of age;8W:8周龄 8 weeks of age;10W:10周龄 6 weeks of age;7~8W:7~8周龄 7 to 8 weeks of age;9~10W:9~10周龄 9 to 10 weeks of age;BW:体重body weight;ADG:平均日增重 average daily gain;ADFI:平均日采食量 average daily feed intake;FCR:饲料转化比 feed conversion ratio。下表同 the same as below。 |
表3 不同性别、批次渝州白鹅生长及饲料效率性状比较Table 3 Comparison of growth and feed efficiency traits of Yuzhou white geese between sex and batches |
| 项目 Items | 性别 Sex | 批次Batch | P值 P-value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | |||||||||||
| 6W BW/g | 公鹅 | 2 867±253A | 2 618±213B | 2 455±233C | 2 625±274B | 2 369±297D | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 2 595±192A | 2 510±196B | 2 170±211D | 2 325±245C | 2 190±271D | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 8W BW/g | 公鹅 | 3 628±324Aa | 3 066±285C | 3 553±277Ab | 3 441±282B | 3 381±312B | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 3 233±234A | 2 793±230D | 3 175±230A | 3 035±249B | 2 957±305C | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 10W BW/g | 公鹅 | 3 873±346B | 3 743±367C | 4 037±322A | 4 002±317A | 3 983±346A | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 3 379±257C | 3 258±303B | 3 559±269Aa | 3 477±295Ab | 3 518±354A | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 7~8W ADG/g | 公鹅 | 55.1±15.1D | 32.2±14.6E | 79.0±12.7A | 58.8±11.4C | 72.7±12.0B | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 46.0±11.6D | 19.3±11.6E | 71.3±9.9A | 50.3±12.2C | 55.0±12.0B | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 9~10W ADG/g | 公鹅 | 19.2±12.9D | 45.3±16.0A | 34.3±10.2C | 39.2±11.1B | 43.6±10.9A | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 9.4±6.1D | 34.0±12.4B | 25.4±9.3C | 31.9±10.9B | 40.4±11.9A | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||||||
| 7~10W ADG/g | 公鹅 | 36.9±7.6D | 40.2±10.4C | 56.3±8.6A | 48.9±9.2B | 57.6±9.6A | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 28.0±6.8C | 26.4±5.7C | 49.4±7.9aA | 40.8±8.2B | 47.5±10.0bA | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 7~8W ADFI/g | 公鹅 | 254.5±21.9B | 244.2±22.9C | 261.4±25.6A | 231.5±25.6D | 229.8±24.8D | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 223.2±22.3B | 186.1±24.4E | 241.6±26.9A | 211.5±27.5C | 196.4±24.1D | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 9~10W ADFI/g | 公鹅 | 215.0±27.2D | 234.1±20.7BCa | 253.2±37.0A | 227.1±31.3Cb | 239.8±27.4B | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 166.2±25.0D | 183.1±22.1C | 228.6±37.3A | 196.3±31.1B | 232.5±36.0A | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.010 | ||||||||||
| 7~10W ADFI/g | 公鹅 | 234.6±21.1BCa | 238.8±18.1B | 258.3±24.0A | 228.8±24.9Cb | 234.8±24.5BCa | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 195.4±20.0D | 185.0±21.4E | 234.8±24.5A | 203.0±26.4C | 214.0±23.8B | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 7~8W FCR | 公鹅 | 4.41±0.75B | 6.86±1.93A | 3.37±0.45D | 4.00±0.71C | 3.20±0.41D | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 4.77±0.83B | 7.73±1.89A | 3.38±0.38E | 4.24±0.80C | 3.67±0.64D | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.140 | 0.785 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| 9~10W FCR | 公鹅 | 12.70±6.77A | 4.87±1.45Db | 7.68±2.01B | 5.75±1.09Da | 5.64±1.11Da | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 18.83±9.14A | 5.41±1.34C | 9.43±3.54B | 6.22±1.26C | 5.86±1.30C | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.160 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.390 | ||||||||||
| 7~10W FCR | 公鹅 | 6.37±0.99A | 5.86±1.11B | 4.64±0.65C | 4.69±0.67C | 4.11±0.55D | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 母鹅 | 6.78±1.06A | 6.82±1.08A | 4.85±0.80BC | 5.02±0.73B | 4.62±0.85C | <0.001 | |||||||||
| P值 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.006 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
同行之间为不同批次间的多因素方差分析,同列之间为各阶段公鹅、母鹅间的t检验。同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01);公、母鹅间显著性差异用P值表示,P>0.05表示差异不显著,P<0.05表示差异显著,P<0.01表示差异极显著。 | |
Multifactorial ANOVA is done between batches in the same row, t-test is done between male and female geese at each stage in the same columns. In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). Significant difference between male and female geese are indicated by P-value, with P>0.05 indicating that the difference is not significant, P<0.05 indicating that the difference is significant, and P<0.01 indicating that the difference is extremely significant. |
表4 7~8周龄和9~10周龄ADG、ADFI、FCR的性别差异比例Table 4 Proportion of sex differences in 7~8W and 9~10W ADG, ADFI, FCR |
| 项目 Items | 不同批次的性别差异比例 Proportion of sex differences in different batches/% | 阶段比值 Stage ratio | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | 均值Mean | ||||||||||
| 7~8W ADG | 16.52 | 40.06 | 9.75 | 14.46 | 24.35 | 21.03 | 1.21 | ||||||||
| 9~10W ADG | 51.04 | 24.94 | 25.95 | 18.62 | 7.34 | 25.58 | |||||||||
| 7~8W ADFI | 12.30 | 23.79 | 7.57 | 8.64 | 14.53 | 13.37 | 1.06 | ||||||||
| 9~10W ADFI | 22.70 | 21.79 | 9.72 | 13.56 | 3.04 | 14.16 | |||||||||
| 7~8W FCR | 7.55 | 11.25 | 0.30 | 5.66 | 12.81 | 7.51 | 1.93 | ||||||||
| 9~10W FCR | 32.55 | 9.98 | 18.56 | 7.56 | 3.75 | 14.48 | |||||||||
表格中的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ为5个不同批次7~8周龄和9~10周龄ADG、ADFI、FCR公、母鹅间的差值比例(ADG、ADFI为公鹅减去母鹅差值的比例,FCR为母鹅减去公鹅差值的比例),阶段比值为5个不同批次性别差异比例均值在9~10周龄和7~8周龄间的比值。 | |
Values in the table are the proportions of differences between male and female geese in five different batches of 7~8W and 9~10W ADG, ADFI and FCR (ADG and ADFI are the proportions of difference values for male geese minus female geese, and FCR is the proportions of difference values for female geese minus male goose), and the stage ratios are the ratios of mean values of the proportions of sex differences in five different batches between 9 to 10 and 7 to 8 weeks of age. |
2.2 性别、批次对渝州白鹅RFI估计准确性的影响
图1 不同条件下估计的7~10周龄RFI的相关性图中数值为皮尔森相关系数。坐标轴上1~9分别代表单批次单性别(无校正)、单批次双性别(无校正)、单批次双性别(校正性别)、多批次单性别(无校正)、多批次单性别(校正批次)、多批次双性别(无校正)、多批次双性别(校正性别)、多批次双性别(校正批次)、多批次双性别(校正性别和批次)条件下估计的RFI。 Fig.1 Correlation of estimated 7~10W RFI under different conditions Values in the figure are Pearson correlation coefficients. 1~9 on the axes represent estimated RFI under the conditions of single-batch and single-sex (unadjusted), single-batch and double-sex (unadjusted), single-batch and double-sex (adjusted sex), multi-batch and single-sex (unadjusted), multi-batch and single-sex (adjusted batch), multi-batch and double-sex (unadjusted), multi-batch and double-sex (adjusted sex), multi-batch and double-sex (adjusted batch), and multi-batch and double-sex (adjusted sex and batch), respectively. |
图2 性别、批次对渝州白鹅RFI估计准确性的影响A:单批次单性别、单批次双性别7~10周龄RFI;B:多批次单性别7~10周龄RFI;C:多批次双性别7~10周龄RFI。图中折线和柱体上方的数值为样本量。 Fig.2 Effects of sex and batch on accuracy of RFI estimation of Yuzhou white geese A: single-batch and single-sex 7~10W RFI and single-batch and double-sex 7~10W RFI; B: multi-batch and single-sex 7~10W RFI; C: multi-batch and double-sex 7~10W RFI. Values above the fold line and bars in the figure are sample sizes. |
表5 单批次单性别7~10周龄RFI估计R2和标准化系数Table 5 Estimated R2 and standardized coefficient for 7~10W RFI under single-batch and single-sex |
| 批次 Batches | 性别 Sex | 样本量 Sample size/只 | 决定系数 R2 | 调整R2 Adjusted R2 | 代谢体重 标准化系数 Standardized coefficient of BW0.75 | 平均日增重 标准化系数 Standardized coefficient of ADG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | 公鹅 | 165 | 0.430 | 0.423 | 0.374 | 0.439 |
| 母鹅 | 108 | 0.450 | 0.440 | 0.400 | 0.436 | |
Ⅱ | 公鹅 | 106 | 0.228 | 0.213 | 0.337 | 0.193 |
| 母鹅 | 77 | 0.396 | 0.379 | 0.291 | 0.428 | |
Ⅲ | 公鹅 | 176 | 0.437 | 0.431 | 0.570 | 0.178 |
| 母鹅 | 183 | 0.342 | 0.334 | 0.547 | 0.107 | |
Ⅳ | 公鹅 | 197 | 0.548 | 0.543 | 0.543 | 0.409 |
| 母鹅 | 339 | 0.572 | 0.570 | 0.386 | 0.567 | |
Ⅴ | 公鹅 | 248 | 0.551 | 0.547 | 0.413 | 0.523 |
| 母鹅 | 253 | 0.401 | 0.397 | 0.422 | 0.358 |
表6 单批次双性别7~10W RFI估计R2和标准化系数Table 6 Estimated R2 and standardized coefficient for 7~10W RFI under single-batch and double-sex |
| 批次 Batches | 校正 情况 Adjusted or not | 样本量 Sample size/只 | 决定系数 R2 | 调整R2 Adjusted R2 | 校正后 R2变化 R2 change after adjustment/ % | 代谢体重 标准化系数 Standardized coefficient of BW0.75 | 平均日增重 标准化系数 Standardized coefficient of ADG | 性别 标准化系数 Standardized coefficient of sex |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | 无校正 | 273 | 0.664 | 0.662 | 0.481 | 0.450 | ||
| 校正性别 | 273 | 0.698 | 0.694 | 4.834 | 0.360 | 0.381 | -0.248 | |
Ⅱ | 无校正 | 183 | 0.545 | 0.540 | 0.352 | 0.447 | ||
| 校正性别 | 183 | 0.746 | 0.742 | 37.407 | 0.238 | 0.174 | -0.577 | |
Ⅲ | 无校正 | 359 | 0.505 | 0.502 | 0.636 | 0.133 | ||
| 校正性别 | 359 | 0.505 | 0.501 | 0.000 | 0.654 | 0.136 | 0.031 | |
Ⅳ | 无校正 | 536 | 0.640 | 0.638 | 0.467 | 0.484 | ||
| 校正性别 | 536 | 0.643 | 0.641 | 0.470 | 0.504 | 0.498 | 0.069 | |
Ⅴ | 无校正 | 501 | 0.551 | 0.549 | 0.429 | 0.444 | ||
| 校正性别 | 501 | 0.551 | 0.549 | 0.000 | 0.441 | 0.453 | 0.032 |
表7 多批次单性别7~10W RFI估计R2和标准化系数Table 7 Estimated R2 and standardized coefficient for 7~10W RFI under multi-batch and single-sex |
| 校正 情况 Adjusted or not | 性别 Sex | 样本量 Sample size/只 | 决定系数 R2 | 调整 R2 Adjusted R2 | 校正后 R2变化 R2 change after adjustment/ % | 标准化系数 Standardized coefficient | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 代谢 体重 BW0.75 | 平均日 增重 ADG | 虚拟 批次1 Virtual batch 1 | 虚拟 批次2 Virtual batch 2 | 虚拟 批次3 Virtual batch 3 | 虚拟 批次4 Virtual batch 4 | ||||||
| 无校正 No adjustment | 公鹅 | 892 | 0.374 | 0.372 | 0.431 | 0.392 | |||||
| 母鹅 | 960 | 0.496 | 0.495 | 0.328 | 0.585 | ||||||
校正批次 Adjusted batch | 公鹅 | 892 | 0.536 | 0.533 | 43.280 | 0.424 | 0.460 | 0.116 | 0.169 | -0.234 | -0.212 |
| 母鹅 | 960 | 0.577 | 0.574 | 15.960 | 0.361 | 0.463 | -0.032 | 0.280 | -0.064 | 0.031 | |
表8 多批次双性别7~10W RFI估计R2和标准化系数Table 8 Estimated R2 and standardized coefficient for 7~10W RFI under multi-batch and double-sex |
| 校正 情况 Adjusted or not | 样本量 Sample size/只 | 决定 系数 R2 | 调整R2 Adjusted R2 | 校正后 R2变化 R2 change after adjustment/ % | 标准化系数 Standardized coefficient | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 代谢 体重 BW0.75 | 平均日 增重 ADG | 性别 Sex | 虚拟 批次1 Virtual batch 1 | 虚拟 批次2 Virtual batch 2 | 虚拟 批次3 Virtual batch 3 | 虚拟 批次4 Virtual batch 4 | |||||
| 无校正 No adjustment | 1 852 | 0.551 | 0.550 | 0.457 | 0.474 | ||||||
| 校正性别 Adjusted gender | 1 852 | 0.557 | 0.556 | 1.091 | 0.405 | 0.457 | -0.097 | ||||
| 校正批次 Adjusted batch | 1 852 | 0.634 | 0.633 | 15.091 | 0.448 | 0.464 | 0.036 | 0.165 | -0.166 | -0.110 | |
| 校正性别 和批次 Adjusted gender and batch | 1 852 | 0.638 | 0.636 | 15.636 | 0.412 | 0.442 | -0.074 | 0.032 | 0.177 | -0.150 | -0.099 |
2.3 性别、批次对渝州白鹅RFI与生长及饲料效率性状相关性的影响
图3 不同条件下估计7~10周龄RFI与渝州白鹅生长及饲料效率性状的相关性A:公、母鹅相关性差值;B:公鹅中相关性;C:母鹅中相关性。单元格内为皮尔森相关系数。公、母鹅差值为公鹅减母鹅。1~9为单批次单性别(无校正),单批次双性别(无校正)、单批次双性别(校正性别),多批次单性别(无校正)、多批次单性别(校正批次),多批次双性别(无校正)、多批次双性别(校正性别)、多批次双性别(校正批次)、多批次双性别(校正性别和批次)条件下估计RFI。a~l依次代表6、8、10周龄体重,7~8周龄、9~10周龄、7~10周龄平均日增重、平均日采食量和饲料转化比。 Fig.3 Correlations of estimated 7~10W RFI under different conditions with growth and feed efficiency traits in Yuzhou white geese A: difference in correlations between male geese and female geese; B: correlations in male geese; C: correlations in female geese. Values in cells are Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Difference value between male geese and female geese is male geese minus female geese. 1~9 are single-batch and single-sex (unadjusted), single-batch and double-sex (unadjusted), single-batch and double-sex (adjusted sex),multi-batch and single-sex (unadjusted), multi-batch and single-sex (adjusted batch), multi-batch double-sex (unadjusted), multi-batch and double-sex (adjusted sex), multi-batch and double-sex (adjusted batch), multi-batch and double-sex (adjusted sex and batch) conditions to estimate RFI. a~l represent 6W, 8W and 10W body weight, 7~8W, 9~10W and 7~10W ADG, ADFI and FCR, respectively. |
图4 不同条件下估计7~10周龄RFI与渝州白鹅生长及饲料效率性状的偏相关性A:公、母鹅偏相关性差值;B:公鹅中偏相关性;C:母鹅中偏相关性。单元格内为偏相关系数,控制变量为批次。公、母鹅差值为公鹅减母鹅。1~9及a~l含义同图3。 Fig.4 Estimated 7~10W RFI bias correlations with growth and feed efficiency traits in Yuzhou white geese under different conditions A: difference in biased correlation between male geese and female geese; B: biased correlation in male geese; C: biased correlation in female geese. Values in cells are biased correlation coefficients, control variable is batch. The difference value between male geese and female geese is male geese minus female geese. 1~9 and a~l have the same meaning as above Fig.3. |

京公网安备 11010802041926号