1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 薏苡碎米和薏苡米糠营养成分(风干基础)Table 1 Nutrients in coix broken rice and coix rice bran (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 薏苡碎米Coix broken rice | 薏苡米糠Coix rice bran |
|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 86.18 | 93.43 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.92 | 17.28 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.18 | 18.44 |
| 钙Ca | 0.06 | 0.31 |
| 总磷TP | 0.11 | 1.75 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 0.58 | 7.71 |
| 粗纤维CF | 2.50 | 2.93 |
| 赖氨酸Lys* | 0.13 | 0.72 |
| 蛋氨酸Met* | 0.43 | 0.22 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys* | 0.22 | 0.34 |
| 苏氨酸Thr* | 0.38 | 0.57 |
| 精氨酸Arg* | 0.46 | 1.39 |
| 亮氨酸Leu* | 2.71 | 1.25 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile* | 0.49 | 0.46 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe* | 0.73 | 0.65 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr* | 0.12 | 0.36 |
| 组氨酸His* | 0.25 | 0.45 |
| 缬氨酸Val* | 0.82 | 0.97 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 0.23 | 0.93 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 1.43 | 0.98 |
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 0.82 | 1.24 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 3.49 | 2.17 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 1.04 | 0.68 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 0.63 | 0.71 |
干物质(GB/T 6435—2014)、粗蛋白质(GB/T 6432—2018)、粗脂肪(GB/T 6433—2006)、钙(GB/T 6436—2018)、总磷(GB/T 6437—2018)、粗灰分(GB/T 6438—2007)、粗纤维(GB/T 6434—2022)和氨基酸(GB/T 18246—2019)为实测值。DM (GB/T 6435—2014), CP (GB/T 6432—2018), EE (GB/T 6433—2006), Ca (GB/T 6436—2018), TP (GB/T 6437—2018), Ash (GB/T 6438—2007), CF (GB/T 6434—2022) and amino acids (GB/T 18246—2019) were measured values. *:必需氨基酸 essential amino acids。 |
1.2 试验设计和饲粮
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 原料Ingredients | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrients levels3) | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米Corn | 64.70 | 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.04 | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 24.58 | 粗蛋白质CP | 16.17 | |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.20 | 钙Ca | 3.55 | |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.90 | 总磷TP | 0.42 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 8.91 | 非植酸磷NPP | 0.34 | |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 赖氨酸Lys | 0.76 | |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.12 | 蛋氨酸Met | 0.40 | |
| L-苏氨酸L-Thr | 0.03 | 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.64 | |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.03 | 苏氨酸Thr | 0.55 | |
| 微量元素预混料Trace mineral premix2) | 0.10 | 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.24 | |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.10 | 缬氨酸Val | 0.87 | |
| 植酸酶Phytase | 0.03 | 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.58 | |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 亮氨酸Leu | 1.57 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The vitamin premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:VA 12 500 IU,VD3 4 125 IU,VE 15 IU,VK 2 mg,VB1 1 mg,VB2 8.5 mg,VB6 8 mg,VB12 5 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 50 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 32.5 mg,生物素 biotin 2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 5 mg。 | |
2)微量元素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The trace mineral premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:Cu 8 mg,Fe 60 mg,Mn 65 mg,Zn 66 mg,I 1 mg。 | |
3)粗蛋白质(GB/T 6432—2018)、钙(GB/T 6436—2018)、总磷(GB/T 6437—2018)和氨基酸(GB/T 18246—2019)为实测值,其他营养水平为参照NY/T 33—2004的计算值。CP (GB/T 6432—2018), Ca (GB/T 6436—2018), TP (GB/T 6437—2018) and amino acids (GB/T 18246—2019) were measured values, while the other nutrient levels were calculated values referred to NY/T 33—2004. |
表3 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 3 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 无氮饲粮 Nitrogen-free diet | 薏苡碎米饲粮 Coix broken rice diet | 薏苡米糠饲粮 Coix rice bran diet | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||
| 玉米淀粉Corn starch | 17.50 | ||||||
| 葡萄糖Glucose | 61.33 | 8.20 | 8.20 | ||||
| 纤维素Cellulose | 5.00 | ||||||
| 薏苡碎米Coix broken rice | 76.83 | ||||||
| 薏苡米糠Coix rice bran | 76.83 | ||||||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 2.30 | 2.30 | 2.30 | ||||
| 石粉Limestone | 8.90 | 9.05 | 9.05 | ||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.90 | 1.50 | 1.50 | ||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.30 | ||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | ||||
| 预混料Premix | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | ||||
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 0.75 | ||||||
| 氯化钾KCl | 0.40 | ||||||
| 氧化镁MgO | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | ||||
| 二氧化钛TiO2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of diets:VA 12 500 IU,VB1 1 mg,VB2 8.5 mg,VB3 32.5 mg,VB6 8 mg,VB12 5 mg,VD3 4 125 IU,VE 15 IU,VK 2 mg,植酸酶 phytase 350 IU,生物素 biotin 2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 5 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 50 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 32.5 mg,复合酶 composite enzyme 200 mg,Cu 8 mg,Fe 60 mg,Mn 65 mg,Zn 66 mg,I 1 mg。 |
1.3 样品采集和指标测定
1.3.1 排泄物收集和营养物质含量测定(试验1)
1.3.2 回肠食糜氨基酸和TiO2含量测定(试验2)
1.4 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果
2.1 海兰褐蛋鸡对薏苡碎米和薏苡米糠的代谢能评定
表4 海兰褐蛋鸡对薏苡碎米和薏苡米糠的氮平衡、能量平衡及代谢能Table 4 Nitrogen balance, energy balance and metabolizable energy of coix broken rice and coix rice bran in Hy-Line brown laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 薏苡碎米组 Coix broken rice group | 薏苡米糠组 Coix rice bran group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 饲粮干物质含量Dietary dry matter content/% | 89.71±0.02 | 89.23±0.05 | 90.51±0.04 |
| 饲粮总能Dietary gross energy/(MJ/kg) | 14.02±0.10 | 14.76±0.06 | 15.31±0.05 |
| 饲粮氮含量Dietary nitrogen content/(g/kg) | 27.06±0.06 | 27.07±0.13 | 27.66±0.12 |
| 平均日采食量Average daily feed intake/(g/d) | 102.03±1.77 | 104.02±2.04 | 102.18±1.94 |
| 日摄入能量Daily energy intake/(MJ/d) | 1.28±0.02c | 1.37±0.01b | 1.42±0.07a |
| 日摄入氮Daily nitrogen intake(g/d) | 2.48±0.06b | 2.51±0.02a | 2.55±0.04a |
| 排泄物干物质含量Excreta dry matter content/% | 21.28±0.48 | 20.38±0.39 | 20.19±0.27 |
| 干排泄物总能Dry excreta gross energy/(MJ/kg) | 13.51±0.14 | 14.18±0.57 | 15.00±0.75 |
| 干排泄物氮含量Dry excreta nitrogen content/(g/kg) | 45.19±1.48 | 45.86±1.65 | 45.26±2.83 |
| 日鲜排泄物排放量Daily fresh excreta output/(g/d) | 127.22±2.65b | 122.02±4.84b | 135.24±5.39a |
| 日能量排放量Daily energy output/(MJ/d) | 0.37±0.01 | 0.35±0.02 | 0.41±0.02 |
| 日氮排放量Daily nitrogen output/(g/d) | 1.22±0.04 | 1.14±0.03 | 1.24±0.06 |
| 日氮沉积Daily nitrogen retention/(g/d) | 1.25±0.08b | 1.37±0.02a | 1.32±0.03a |
| 日能量沉积Daily energy retention/(MJ/d) | 0.92±0.02b | 1.02±0.04a | 1.01±0.03ab |
| 氮沉积率Nitrogen deposition rate/% | 50.61±1.40c | 54.62±1.74a | 51.69±2.05b |
| 总能沉积率Gross energy deposition rate/% | 71.50±1.25b | 74.26±1.94a | 71.08±2.82b |
| 表观代谢能AME/(MJ/kg) | 12.04±0.06c | 12.81±0.06b | 13.21±0.04a |
| 氮校正表观代谢能AMEn/(MJ/kg) | 11.62±0.06c | 12.35±0.06b | 12.76±0.04a |
| 氮校正表观代谢能/表观代谢能AMEn/AME | 0.965 | 0.964 | 0.966 |
2.2 海兰褐蛋鸡对薏苡碎米和薏苡米糠的氨基酸回肠消化率
表5 薏苡碎米和薏苡米糠氨基酸含量以及海兰褐蛋鸡对其AID和SIDTable 5 Amino acid contents in coix broken rice and coix rice bran and their AID and SID in Hy-Line brown laying hens % |
| 项目 Items | 表观回肠消化率 AID | 标准回肠消化率 SID | 可消化氨基酸含量 Digestible amino acid content | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 薏苡碎米 Coix broken rice | 薏苡米糠 Coix rice bran | 薏苡碎米 Coix broken rice | 薏苡米糠 Coix rice bran | 薏苡碎米 Coix broken rice | 薏苡米糠 Coix rice bran | |||
| 必需氨基酸Essential amino acids | ||||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 65.37±4.43b | 76.85±2.80a | 79.47±4.98b | 85.52±2.98a | 0.11±0.01b | 0.61±0.04a | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 79.34±1.63 | 76.08±3.24 | 87.75±1.32 | 85.04±4.76 | 0.38±0.02a | 0.19±0.01b | ||
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 63.66±2.69b | 82.55±4.45a | 78.46±3.65b | 89.08±1.43a | 0.17±0.02b | 0.31±0.01a | ||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 59.42±1.28b | 70.34±3.24a | 75.94±0.78b | 81.45±3.12a | 0.29±0.01b | 0.47±0.03a | ||
| 精氨酸Arg | 67.52±2.91b | 88.22±3.63a | 80.74±2.43b | 92.63±2.65a | 0.37±0.01b | 1.29±0.10a | ||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 83.82±6.23a | 77.07±2.64b | 90.41±4.21a | 85.66±4.54b | 2.45±0.23a | 1.07±0.07b | ||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 72.17±4.27 | 73.18±4.11 | 83.50±3.78 | 83.22±3.21 | 0.41±0.02 | 0.38±0.03 | ||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 78.23±3.11 | 78.91±3.82 | 87.09±1.96 | 86.81±1.78 | 0.63±0.04 | 0.56±0.01 | ||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 77.88±2.35 | 78.13±4.46 | 86.89±0.54 | 86.32±2.01 | 0.10±0.01b | 0.31±0.02a | ||
| 组氨酸His | 70.39±0.36b | 84.62±2.24a | 82.45±2.12b | 90.38±4.96a | 0.21±0.01b | 0.40±0.02a | ||
| 缬氨酸Val | 72.46±1.48b | 75.68±3.57a | 83.67±4.87 | 84.79±1.09 | 0.74±0.03b | 0.82±0.04a | ||
| 非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acids | ||||||||
| 甘氨酸Gly | 48.95±2.34b | 78.99±4.56a | 69.73±1.65b | 86.86±4.43a | 0.16±0.01b | 0.81±0.05a | ||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 84.56±0.87 | 82.48±1.23 | 90.85±3.32 | 89.04±2.21 | 1.30±0.16a | 0.87±0.09b | ||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 69.24±3.45b | 77.37±0.98a | 81.76±2.56 | 85.85±4.56 | 0.67±0.02b | 1.06±0.06a | ||
| 谷氨酸Glu | 83.94±2.76 | 83.04±4.12 | 90.48±4.09 | 89.39±3.78 | 3.15±0.27a | 1.94±0.17b | ||
| 脯氨酸Pro | 81.23±3.01 | 79.27±1.56 | 88.87±3.54 | 87.03±1.43 | 0.92±0.05a | 0.59±0.02b | ||
| 丝氨酸Ser | 69.49±0.45b | 75.53±2.87a | 81.91±1.87 | 84.69±4.67 | 0.51±0.01 | 0.60±0.04 | ||
表6 玉米和薏苡碎米以及普通米糠和薏苡米糠氨基酸含量比较Table 6 Comparison of amino acid contents in corn and coix broken rice as well as regular rice bran and coix rice bran % |
| 项目 Items | 氨基酸含量Amino acid contents | 氨基酸含量Amino acid content | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米 Corn | 薏苡碎米 Coix broken rice | 普通米糠 Regular rice bran | 薏苡米糠 Coix rice bran | ||||||||
| 必需氨基酸Essential amino acids | |||||||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.84 | 0.72 | |||||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.19 | 0.43 | 0.28 | 0.22 | |||||||
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.34 | |||||||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.54 | 0.57 | |||||||
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.38 | 0.46 | 1.20 | 1.39 | |||||||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 1.03 | 2.71 | 1.13 | 1.25 | |||||||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.26 | 0.49 | 0.71 | 0.46 | |||||||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.43 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.65 | |||||||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.56 | 0.36 | |||||||
| 组氨酸His | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.45 | |||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.40 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 0.97 | |||||||
| 非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acids | |||||||||||
| 甘氨酸Gly | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.75 | 0.93 | |||||||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 0.44 | 1.43 | 0.85 | 0.98 | |||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 0.43 | 0.82 | 1.38 | 1.24 | |||||||
| 谷氨酸Glu | 0.43 | 3.49 | 1.91 | 2.17 | |||||||
| 脯氨酸Pro | 0.42 | 1.04 | 0.54 | 0.68 | |||||||
| 丝氨酸Ser | 0.29 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.71 | |||||||
必需氨基酸数据来自中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2020年第31版);玉米非必需氨基酸数据来自肖骞珣等[8],普通米糠非必需氨基酸数据来自潘迪子[9]。 | |
The essential amino acid data comes from the Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (31st edition, 2020); the non-essential amino acid data for corn comes from Xiao et al[8], and the non-essential amino acid data for regular rice bran comes from Pan[9]. |

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