1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物与样品采集
1.2 乳成分指标测定
1.3 瘤胃液采集及瘤胃发酵参数测定
1.4 16S rDNA测序
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊的乳成分分析
表1 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊乳成分指标Table 1 Milk component indexes in dairy goats with different milk protein percentages |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LP | HP | ||
| 日产奶量Daily milk yield/(kg/d) | 1.41±0.11 | 1.27±0.24 | 0.273 |
| 乳蛋白率Milk protein percentage/% | 2.46±0.19 | 3.21±0.18 | <0.001 |
| 乳脂率Milk fat percentage/% | 3.22±1.25 | 4.33±1.37 | 0.218 |
| 乳糖率Milk lactose percentage/% | 4.23±0.15 | 4.27±0.20 | 0.681 |
| 全乳总固体物含量Whole milk total solids content/% | 10.83±1.40 | 12.68±1.56 | 0.086 |
| 乳尿素氮含量MUN content/(mg/dL) | 23.44±4.40 | 25.24±3.07 | 0.475 |
2.2 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃发酵参数分析
表2 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃发酵参数Table 2 Rumen fermentation parameters in dairy goats with different milk protein percentages |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LP | HP | ||||||
| pH | 7.05±0.13 | 6.91±0.13 | 0.126 | ||||
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA/(mmol/L) | 15.76±1.45 | 28.46±8.31 | 0.010 | ||||
| 乙酸Acetate/% | 50.28±4.31 | 73.37±11.23 | 0.003 | ||||
| 丙酸Propionate/% | 23.06±1.82 | 14.84±4.68 | 0.006 | ||||
| 丁酸Butyrate/% | 19.90±2.78 | 11.68±2.72 | 0.001 | ||||
| 异丁酸Isobutyrate/% | 1.99±0.18 | 1.25±0.38 | 0.004 | ||||
| 戊酸Valerate/% | 1.34±0.15 | 0.80±0.28 | 0.005 | ||||
| 异戊酸Isovalerate/% | 3.43±0.31 | 2.08±0.74 | 0.005 | ||||
| 乙酸/丙酸Acetate/propionate | 2.20±0.38 | 5.36±1.69 | 0.004 | ||||
2.3 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃微生物区系
2.3.1 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃微生物Alpha多样性分析
表3 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃微生物Alpha多样性指数Table 3 Alpha diversity indexes of rumen microbiota of dairy goats with different milk protein percentages |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LP | HP | ||
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 5 826.21±672.78 | 6 127.68±589.24 | 0.473 |
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 8.17±0.96 | 9.55±0.74 | 0.033 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 0.93±0.05 | 0.98±0.01 | 0.069 |
| 观察到的物种数Number of observed species | 4 464.84±596.66 | 5 025.26±634.8 | 0.188 |
| Pieloue指数Pieloue index | 0.67±0.07 | 0.78±0.05 | 0.026 |
2.3.2 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃微生物Beta多样性分析
2.3.3 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃微生物区系组成分析
图2 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃微生物组成Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Patescibacteria:髌骨菌门;Fusobacteria:梭杆菌门;Tenericutes:软壁菌门;Planctomycetes:浮霉菌门;Actinobacteria:放线菌门;Chloroflexi:绿弯菌门;Others:其他;Acinetobacter:不动杆菌属;Lysinibacillus:赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属;Comamonas:丛毛单胞菌属;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Prevotella_1:普雷沃氏菌属-1;Christensenellaceae_R-7_group:克里斯滕菌科R-7群;Succiniclasticum:解琥珀酸菌属;Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group:瘤胃球菌科NK4A214群;Bacteroidales_RF16_group:拟杆菌目RF16群;Fusobacterium:梭杆菌属;Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group:拟杆菌目BS11肠道群;Enterobacter:肠杆菌属。 Fig.2 Rumen microbial composition of dairy goats with different milk protein percentages |
2.3.4 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃差异微生物分析
图3 不同乳蛋白率奶山羊瘤胃差异微生物分析*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。* represents significant difference (P<0.05), and ** represents extremely significant difference (P<0.01). Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Patescibacteria:髌骨菌门;Lysinibacillus:赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Succiniclasticum:解琥珀酸菌属;Prevotellaceae_UCG-003:普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003;Saccharofermentans:产乙酸糖发酵菌属;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005:瘤胃球菌科UCG-005;Bacillales:芽孢杆菌目;Bacilli:芽孢杆菌纲;Bacteroidales:拟杆菌目;Bacteroidia:拟杆菌纲;Bacteroidetes:拟杆菌门;Planococcaceae:动球菌科;Lysinibacillus:赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属;Prevotellaceae:普雷沃氏菌科;Prevotella_1:普雷沃氏菌属-1;Ruminococcaceae:瘤胃球菌科;Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-008:丹毒丝菌科UCG-008;Selenomonadales:月形单胞菌目;Acidaminococcaceae:氨基酸球菌科;Succiniclasticum:解琥珀酸菌属;Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group:拟杆菌目BS11肠道群;Patescibacteria:髌骨菌门;Kurthia:库特菌属;Bacteroidales_RF16_group:拟杆菌目RF16群;Selenomonas-3:月形单胞菌属-3;Prevotellaceae_UCG_003:普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014:瘤胃球菌科UCG-014;Prevotellaceae:普雷沃氏菌科;Saccharofermentans:产乙酸糖发酵菌属;Anaerovibrio:厌氧弧菌属;Atopobiaceae:奇异菌科;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005:瘤胃球菌科UCG-005;Gammaproteobacteria:变形菌纲;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Betaproteobacteriales:β-变形菌目;Burkholderiaceae:伯克氏菌科。 Fig.3 Analysis of rumen differential microbiota in dairy goats with different milk protein percentages |
2.4 奶山羊泌乳性能、瘤胃发酵参数与瘤胃微生物关联分析
图4 奶山羊瘤胃发酵参数、泌乳性能与瘤胃微生物相关性分析每一对变量之间的相关强度用颜色和*表示,*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。用红色表示相关系数接近+1,蓝色表示相关系数接近-1。The correlation strength between each pair of variables is represented by color and *. * indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), and ** indicates highly significant correlation (P<0.01). Red indicates a correlation coefficient close to +1, and blue indicates a correlation coefficient close to -1. Acetate:乙酸;A/P:乙酸/丙酸 acetate/propionate;Isobutyrate:异丁酸;Milk protein percentage:乳蛋白率;Daily milk yield:日产奶量;Milk fat percentage:乳脂率;Milk lactose percentage:乳糖率;Whole milk solids content:全乳总固体物含量;MUN content:乳尿素氮含量;Propionate:丙酸;Butyrate:丁酸;Isovalerate:异戊酸;Valerate:戊酸;TVFA:总挥发性脂肪酸 total volatile fatty acids;Lysinibacillus:赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Prevotella_1:普雷沃氏菌属-1;Succiniclasticum:解琥珀酸菌属;Bacteroidales_RF16_group:拟杆菌目RF16群;Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group:拟杆菌目BS11肠道群;Enterobacter:肠杆菌属;Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1:狭义梭菌属1;Prevotellaceae_UCG-003:普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003;Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13:狭义梭菌属13;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002:瘤胃球菌科UCG-002;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014:瘤胃球菌科UCG-014;Stenotrophomonas:寡养单胞菌属;Veillonellaceae_UCG-001:韦荣球菌科_UCG-001;Saccharofermentans:产乙酸糖发酵菌属;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005:瘤胃球菌科UCG-005。 Fig.4 Analysis of correlation between rumen fermentation parameters, lactation performance, and rumen microbiota in dairy goats |

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