1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCP | LCP | LCPP | LCPA | LCPPA | |||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | 13.00 | ||||||
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 17.50 | 17.50 | 17.50 | 17.50 | 17.50 | ||||||
| 豆油Bean oil | 0.50 | 2.45 | 2.45 | 2.45 | 2.45 | ||||||
| 稻壳Rice husk | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | ||||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | ||||||
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 | ||||||
| 大豆粕Soybean meal | 10.00 | 5.00 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 2.50 | ||||||
| 花生壳Peanut shell | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | ||||||
| 花生仁饼Peanut cake | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | ||||||
| 辣椒杆Pepper stalk | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | ||||||
| 金针菇渣Enoki mushroom residue | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | ||||||
| 酶解豆粕Enzymolytic soybean meal | 2.50 | 2.50 | |||||||||
| 膨润土Bentonite | 3.05 | 3.05 | 1.96 | 1.96 | |||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.13 | 0.13 | |||||||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.03 | 0.03 | |||||||||
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.03 | 0.03 | |||||||||
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.17 | 0.17 | |||||||||
| 组氨酸His | 0.06 | 0.06 | |||||||||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||||||||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 0.17 | 0.17 | |||||||||
| 胱氨酸Cys | 0.03 | 0.03 | |||||||||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.11 | 0.11 | |||||||||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.07 | 0.07 | |||||||||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.09 | 0.09 | |||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||||||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.60 | 10.61 | 10.61 | 10.61 | 10.61 | ||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.54 | 13.62 | 13.88 | 14.36 | 14.35 | ||||||
| 粗纤维CF | 20.62 | 20.62 | 20.62 | 20.62 | 20.62 | ||||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.16 | 5.64 | 5.64 | 5.64 | 5.64 | ||||||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 40.35 | 40.40 | 40.72 | 40.53 | 40.81 | ||||||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 24.84 | 24.79 | 24.83 | 24.60 | 24.51 | ||||||
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 6.15 | 6.06 | 6.10 | 6.08 | 6.09 | ||||||
| 钙Ca | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | ||||||
| 总磷TP | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | ||||||
| 粗灰分Ash | 11.98 | 12.52 | 12.45 | 11.69 | 11.77 | ||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.91 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.84 | ||||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.87 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 0.87 | ||||||
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.32 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.32 | ||||||
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.46 | 0.46 | ||||||
| 组氨酸His | 0.90 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.90 | 0.90 | ||||||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.54 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.54 | 0.54 | ||||||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.16 | ||||||
| 胱氨酸Cys | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | ||||||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.56 | ||||||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | ||||||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.44 | ||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | ||||||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets:Fe 70 mg,Cu 20 mg,Zn 70 mg,Mn 10 mg,Co 0.15 mg,I 0.2 mg,Se 0.25 mg,VA 10 000 IU,VD 900 IU,VE 50 mg,VK 2 mg,VB1 2 mg,VB2 6 mg,VB5 50 mg,VB6 2 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,VB3 50 mg,胆碱 choline 1 000 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,NaCl 5 g。 2)消化能、氨基酸为计算值,其余营养水平均为实测值。DE and amino acids were calculated values, while the other nutrient levels were all measured values. |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 检测指标与方法
1.3.1 生长性能和腹泻率
1.3.2 屠宰性能
1.3.3 器官指数
1.3.4 肉品质
1.3.5 血清免疫和抗氧化指标
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔生长性能和腹泻频率的影响
表2 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔生长性能和腹泻频率的影响Table 2 Effects of adding different forms of nitrogen sources to low protein diets on growth performance and diarrhea rate of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCP | LCP | LCPP | LCPA | LCPPA | ||
| 初始体重 IBW/g | 1 048.00±19.04 | 1 043.20±16.86 | 1 088.77±14.99 | 1 063.13±14.85 | 1 075.50±20.16 | 0.315 |
| 终末体重 FBW/g | 2 093.57±23.06 | 1 998.07±17.04 | 2 079.13±30.21 | 2 053.90±17.95 | 2 095.37±36.68 | 0.053 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 37.35±0.93 | 34.11±0.80 | 35.22±1.13 | 35.39±0.67 | 36.43±1.19 | 0.166 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 146.33±2.62ab | 151.09±2.67a | 138.83±2.49b | 150.65±3.85a | 150.92±3.92a | 0.030 |
| 料重比F/G | 3.99±0.12b | 4.48±0.11a | 4.05±0.12b | 4.31±0.14ab | 4.23±0.14ab | 0.048 |
| 腹泻频率 Diarrhea rate/% | 1.19 | 0.71 | 0.00 | 0.95 | 0.83 | |
同行数据肩标相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔屠宰性能的影响
表3 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of adding different forms of nitrogen sources to low protein diets on slaughter performance of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCP | LCP | LCPP | LCPA | LCPPA | ||
| 全净膛重 Eviscerated weight/kg | 1.06±0.02a | 0.94±0.02c | 1.02±0.02ab | 0.94±0.01c | 0.99±0.01cb | <0.001 |
| 半净膛重 Half-eviscerated weight/kg | 1.15±0.01a | 1.03±0.02b | 1.12±0.02a | 1.03±0.01b | 1.10±0.06a | <0.001 |
| 全净膛率 Percentage of eviscerated yield/% | 51.78±1.12a | 47.55±0.98b | 50.02±0.82a | 46.28±0.56b | 47.41±0.47b | <0.001 |
| 半净膛率 Percentage of half- eviscerated yield/% | 56.06±1.96a | 52.17±2.32b | 54.94±2.09a | 50.78±1.04b | 52.72±1.61a | <0.001 |
2.3 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔器官指数的影响
表4 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔器官指数的影响Table 4 Effects of adding different forms of nitrogen sources to low protein diets on organ indices of meat rabbits g/kg |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCP | LCP | LCPP | LCPA | LCPPA | ||
| 心脏指数 Heart index | 0.31±0.02 | 0.31±0.03 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.168 |
| 肝脏指数 Liver index | 2.99±0.12 | 3.00±0.06 | 3.04±0.11 | 3.08±0.05 | 3.12±0.17 | 0.663 |
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 0.09±0.01 | 0.08±0.01 | 0.07±0.01 | 0.08±0.01 | 0.09±0.02 | 0.600 |
| 肾脏指数 Kidney index | 0.68±0.07 | 0.71±0.05 | 0.67±0.03 | 0.67±0.05 | 0.73±0.03 | 0.865 |
| 圆小囊指数 Sacculus rotundus index | 0.32±0.10 | 0.31±0.03 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.32±0.02 | 0.952 |
| 胸腺指数 Thymus index | 0.11±0.01 | 0.14±0.01 | 0.12±0.02 | 0.12±0.01 | 0.12±0.01 | 0.278 |
2.4 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔肉品质的影响
表5 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of adding different forms of nitrogen sources to low protein diets on meat quality of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCP | LCP | LCPP | LCPA | LCPPA | ||
| 45 min亮度 | 51.00±1.04 | 52.20±0.61 | 51.25±0.49 | 51.86±1.41 | 48.63±1.08 | 0.120 |
| 45 min红度 | 4.00±0.73 | 3.56±0.66 | 3.09±0.20 | 4.92±0.73 | 3.33±0.28 | 0.205 |
| 45min黄度 | 3.90±0.41ab | 4.77±0.39a | 3.5±0.33b | 4.87±0.24a | 3.33±0.31b | 0.008 |
| 24 h亮度 | 55.21±0.68 | 57.71±0.54 | 58.56±0.76 | 56.48±0.99 | 57.22±0.99 | 0.071 |
| 24 h红度 | 3.29±0.30 | 3.04±0.66 | 2.48±0.30 | 4.02±0.51 | 2.55±0.30 | 0.117 |
| 24 h黄度 | 4.58±0.59 | 5.04±0.30 | 4.42±0.21 | 5.10±0.37 | 4.26±0.50 | 0.529 |
| pH45 min | 5.90±0.10 | 5.93±0.08 | 5.98±0.07 | 5.88±0.12 | 5.90±0.04 | 0.934 |
| pH24 h | 5.22±0.04 | 5.06±0.12 | 5.06±0.02 | 5.08±0.05 | 5.12±0.06 | 0.429 |
| 蒸煮损失 Cooking loss/% | 34.40±0.83 | 36.55±0.69 | 35.60±1.46 | 35.64±0.65 | 35.02±0.54 | 0.542 |
| 剪切力 Shear force/N | 40.00±5.12 | 31.87±2.99 | 29.44±1.53 | 27.85±3.50 | 31.45±4.67 | 0.222 |
2.5 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔血清免疫指标的影响
表6 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔血清免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of adding different forms of nitrogen sources to low protein diets on serum immune indices of meat rabbits g/mL |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCP | LCP | LCPP | LCPA | LCPPA | ||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 1 168.58±39.42b | 1 482.33±118.42a | 1 181.38±23.58b | 1 119.75±23.78b | 1 221.39±68.72b | 0.007 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 21.39±0.46b | 31.85±0.71a | 29.41±1.81a | 30.19±1.78a | 33.25±1.11a | <0.001 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 2 872.04±20.37c | 5 251.67±56.75a | 2 840.56±58.36c | 4 410.00±52.78b | 2 656.30±60.63c | <0.001 |
2.6 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔血清抗氧化指标的影响
表7 低蛋白质饲粮补充不同形式氮源对肉兔血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of adding different forms of nitrogen sources to low protein diets on serum antioxidant indices of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCP | LCP | LCPP | LCPA | LCPPA | ||
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 20.12±1.11a | 13.88±1.12b | 19.87±1.30a | 13.03±1.52b | 18.51±1.39a | 0.001 |
| 谷胱甘肽过 氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 524.20±28.70b | 486.79±20.85b | 642.09±31.78a | 577.13±28.84ab | 669.52±16.74a | <0.001 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 222.96±8.59 | 203.86±5.18 | 229.78±5.95 | 218.40±9.94 | 222.39±9.68 | 0.274 |

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