1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物筛选
表1 健康奶牛和酮病奶牛血浆BHBA含量Table 1 Plasma BHBA contents of healthy cows and ketosis cows mmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 奶牛编号Cow number | 平均值 Mean | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
| 健康奶牛Healthy cows | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| 酮病奶牛Ketosis cows | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.3 |
1.2 血液样品采集及处理
1.3 试验方法
1.3.1 样品制备
1.3.2 色谱分离及质谱采集
1.3.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 PCA
2.2 PLS-DA
图2 健康奶牛和酮病奶牛血浆样品PLS-DA得分散点图及PLS-DA置换检验图A:正离子模式下PLS-DA得分散点图;B:正离子模式下PLS-DA置换检验图:C:负离子模式下PLS-DA得分散点图;D:负离子模式下PLS-DA置换检验图。R2Y表示模型解释率,Q2表示模型预测能力。 Fig.2 Scatter plot of PLS-DA score and plot of PLS-DA replacement test for serum samples of healthy cows and ketosis cows A: scatter plot of PLS-DA scores in positive ion mode; B: plot of PLS-DA replacement test in positive ion mode: C: scatter plot of PLS-DA scores in negative ion mode; D: plot of PLS-DA replacement test in negative ion mode. R2Y represents the model explanation rate; Q2 represents the model predictive power. |
2.3 差异代谢产物筛选
图3 健康奶牛和酮病奶牛差异代谢物火山图VIP:变量重要性投影 variable importance for the projection;FC:变异倍数 fold change;p:P值 P-value;insignificant change:无显著。下图同 the same as below。 A:正离子模式下差异代谢物火山图;B:负离子模式下差异代谢物火山图。A: volcano plot of differential metabolites in positive ion mode; B: volcano plot of differential metabolites in negative ion mode. Fig.3 Volcano plot of differential metabolites of healthy cows and ketosis cows |
2.4 差异代谢物层次聚类分析
图4 健康奶牛和酮病奶牛差异代谢物层次聚类图(正离子模式)Fig.4 Hierarchical clustering map of differential metabolites of healthy cows and ketosis cows (positive ion mode) |
2.5 差异代谢物分类
图6 健康奶牛和酮病奶牛差异代谢物分类环图A:正离子模式下差异代谢物分类环图;B:负离子模式下差异代谢物分类环图。 Fig.6 Classification ring diagram of differential metabolites of healthy cows and ketosis cows A: classification ring diagram of differential metabolites in positive ion mode; B: classification ring diagram of differential metabolites in negative ion mode. |
2.6 差异代谢物重要性分析
图7 健康奶牛和酮病奶牛差异代谢物柱状图(正离子模式)Fig.7 Histogram of differential metabolites of healthy cows and ketosis cows (positive ion mode) |
图8 健康奶牛和酮病奶牛差异代谢物柱状图(负离子模式)Fig.8 Histogram of differential metabolites of healthy cows and ketosis cows (negative ion mode) |
表2 健康奶牛和酮病奶牛差异代谢物及其相关参数Table 2 Differential metabolites and their related parameters of healthy cows and ketosis cows |
| 代谢物 Metabolite | 差异倍数 FC | P值 P-value | 变量重要性投影 VIP | 趋势 Trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 脱氢乙二胺Dehydroevodiamine | 3.466 | <0.001 | 2.248 | 上调 | |||||
| 苯甲酰乌头原碱Benzoylhypaconine | 0.154 | 0.001 | 2.231 | 下调 | |||||
| N-肉桂酰甘氨酸N-cinnamoylglycine | 2.405 | 0.001 | 2.227 | 上调 | |||||
| L-丙氨酸L-alanine | 0.628 | 0.001 | 2.187 | 下调 | |||||
| 3-甲基巴豆酰甘氨酸3-methylcrotonylglycine | 2.053 | 0.002 | 2.182 | 上调 | |||||
| 邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | 1.554 | 0.001 | 2.172 | 上调 | |||||
| 奥利司他Orlistat | 0.372 | 0.003 | 2.115 | 下调 | |||||
| 2-甲基乳酸2-methyllactic acid | 2.798 | 0.003 | 2.073 | 上调 | |||||
| 去氧胆酸盐Hyodeoxycholate | 2.106 | 0.003 | 2.058 | 上调 | |||||
| 赛可肽D Secopenitrem D | 0.415 | 0.003 | 2.052 | 下调 | |||||
| 甾体生物碱Conessine | 1.984 | 0.004 | 2.040 | 上调 | |||||
| (2E,4E)-N-(2-甲基丙基)十二-2,4-二酰胺 (2E,4E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)dodeca-2,4-dienamide | 2.350 | 0.005 | 2.017 | 上调 | |||||
| (2E,4E,12Z)-N-(2-甲基丙基)十八碳-2,4,12-三烯酰胺 (2E,4E,12Z)-N-(2-methylpropyl)octadeca-2,4,12-trienamide | 3.026 | 0.006 | 2.015 | 上调 | |||||
| 1,8,9-蒽三醇1,8,9-anthracenetriol | 0.619 | 0.002 | 2.099 | 下调 | |||||
| 3-羟基丁酸3-hydroxybutanoic acid | 2.674 | 0.001 | 2.086 | 上调 | |||||
| 伊马替尼Imatinib | 0.498 | 0.003 | 2.017 | 下调 |
2.7 差异代谢物KEGG通路分析
图9 健康奶牛和酮病奶牛差异代谢物KEGG富集通路柱状图Fig.9 Histogram of KEGG enrichment pathway graph of differential metabolites of healthy cows and ketosis cows |

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