1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 体外发酵试验
1.2.1 供试动物及瘤胃液采集
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 27.26 |
| 蛋白质补充预混料 Protein supplementation premix1) | 21.87 |
| 燕麦草Oat hay | 11.64 |
| 玉米淀粉Corn starch | 10.55 |
| 蒸汽压片玉米Steam flaked corn | 10.55 |
| 全棉籽Whole cottonseed | 5.88 |
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 5.40 |
| 饲料桑Mulberry | 0.00 |
| 甜菜颗粒Pelleted sugar beet pulp | 2.57 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 2.16 |
| 脂肪粉Fat powder | 0.99 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.80 |
| 酵母培养物Yeast culture | 0.22 |
| 脱霉剂Mold remover | 0.11 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 泌乳净能NEL/(MJ/kg) | 6.90 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.66 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 4.21 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 32.14 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 18.78 |
| 钙Ca | 0.70 |
| 磷P | 0.42 |
1)每千克蛋白质补充预混料含有 Each kilogram of protein supplementation premix contained as follows:粗蛋白质 CP 360 g,VA 32 000 IU,VD 8 000 IU,VE 195 IU,NaCl 2 000 mg,Ca 1 500 mg,P 900 mg,Cu 30 mg,Zn 300 mg,Mn 400 mg,Co 5 mg,Se 1 mg,I 3 mg。 2)泌乳净能为计算值(NY/T 34—2004),其余营养水平为测量值。NEL was a calculated value (NY/T 34—2004), while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.2.2 体外发酵试验设计
1.2.3 体外发酵培养
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 饲粮、饲料桑常规营养成分的测定
1.3.2 饲料桑氨基酸含量的测定
1.3.3 营养成分体外降解率
1.3.4 体外产气量计算公式
1.3.5 体外瘤胃发酵指标
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 不同收获时间饲料桑的营养成分差异
2.1.1 不同收获时间饲料桑的常规营养成分差异
表2 不同收获时间饲料桑的常规营养成分差异(风干基础)Table 2 Differences in conventional nutrients of mulberry from different harvest time (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 收获时间Harvest time | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5月中旬MHM | 6月中旬MHJ | ||
| 干物质DM | 93.60±0.04B | 94.60±0.04A | <0.001 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 20.60±0.27A | 19.02±0.19B | <0.001 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 10.42±0.36 | 10.87±0.44 | 0.452 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.20±0.09B | 2.85±0.08A | 0.007 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 30.00±0.87B | 38.53±0.61A | <0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 20.60±0.76B | 26.88±0.53A | <0.001 |
| 中性洗涤不溶蛋白NDIP | 12.81±0.36A | 6.96±0.36B | 0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤不溶蛋白ADIP | 2.46±0.09 | 2.13±0.09 | 0.065 |
同行数据肩标无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P≤0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P≤0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P≤0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P≤0.01). The same as below. |
2.1.2 不同收获时间饲料桑的氨基酸组成含量差异
表3 不同收获时间饲料桑的氨基酸组成含量差异Table 3 Differences in amino acid composition content of mulberry from different harvest time mg/g |
| 项目 Items | 收获时间Harvest time | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5月中旬MHM | 6月中旬MHJ | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 8.43±0.36 | 7.85±0.36 | 0.315 |
| 组氨酸His | 2.76±0.20 | 2.27±0.20 | 0.155 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 7.64±0.30 | 7.54±0.30 | 0.823 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 6.45±0.17 | 5.94±0.17 | 0.107 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 1.24±0.06 | 1.17±0.06 | 0.191 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 6.43±0.31 | 5.53±0.31 | 0.113 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 4.99±0.23 | 4.39±0.23 | 0.139 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 11.54±0.36a | 9.82±0.36b | 0.027 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 4.02±0.17 | 3.34±0.17 | 0.051 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 7.16±0.24 | 6.32±0.24 | 0.069 |
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 12.91±0.75b | 16.48±0.75a | 0.048 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 3.68±0.12 | 3.45±0.12 | 0.248 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 14.55±0.80 | 12.98±0.80 | 0.240 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 7.61±0.23 | 6.75±0.23 | 0.056 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 9.24±0.30 | 8.01±0.30 | 0.087 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 7.34±0.33 | 7.07±0.33 | 0.598 |
| 胱氨酸Cys | 0.12±0.02 | 0.10±0.02 | 0.365 |
2.2 不同收获时间对饲料桑体外发酵的影响
2.2.1 不同收获时间对饲料桑营养成分体外降解率的影响
表4 不同收获时间对饲料桑营养成分体外降解率的影响Table 4 Effects of different harvest time on in vitro degradation rate of nutrients of mulberry % |
| 项目 Items | 收获时间Harvest time | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5月中旬MHM | 6月中旬MHJ | ||
| 干物质降解率DMD | |||
| 6 h | 31.41±0.44A | 24.77±0.44B | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 63.49±0.57A | 52.55±0.59B | <0.001 |
| 粗蛋白质降解率CPD | |||
| 6 h | 41.14±1.08B | 49.15±0.98A | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 60.09±1.33 | 63.38±1.33 | 0.109 |
| 中性洗涤纤维降解率NDFD | |||
| 6 h | 5.13±0.63 | 4.20±0.63 | 0.338 |
| 48 h | 52.58±1.38A | 32.93±1.55B | <0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维降解率ADFD | |||
| 6 h | 4.70±0.86 | 4.54±0.86 | 0.887 |
| 48 h | 51.59±1.90A | 32.87±1.61B | 0.002 |
2.2.2 不同收获时间对饲料桑体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响
表5 不同收获时间对饲料桑体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响Table 5 Effects of different harvest time on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of mulberry |
| 项目 Items | 收获时间Harvest time | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5月中旬MHM | 6月中旬MHJ | ||||||
| 产气量Gas production/mL | |||||||
| 6 h | 8.14±0.59B | 17.96±0.62A | <0.001 | ||||
| 48 h | 87.47±4.06b | 98.32±4.44a | 0.047 | ||||
| pH | |||||||
| 6 h | 6.49±0.05 | 6.52±0.05 | 0.552 | ||||
| 48 h | 6.47±0.04 | 6.44±0.05 | 0.601 | ||||
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(mg/dL) | |||||||
| 6 h | 4.11±0.18 | 4.52±0.17 | 0.090 | ||||
| 48 h | 3.87±0.21b | 4.70±0.22a | 0.016 | ||||
| 微生物蛋白MCP/(mg/dL) | |||||||
| 6 h | 5.24±0.52 | 4.32±0.50 | 0.199 | ||||
| 48 h | 4.69±0.48 | 5.03±0.55 | 0.118 | ||||
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA/(mmol/L) | |||||||
| 6 h | 29.80±2.80 | 31.26±2.80 | 0.702 | ||||
| 48 h | 43.36±2.57 | 45.09±2.47 | 0.633 | ||||
| 乙酸Acetate/% | |||||||
| 6 h | 58.38±0.56 | 58.94±0.56 | 0.426 | ||||
| 48 h | 62.36±0.42 | 62.86±0.41 | 0.400 | ||||
| 丙酸Propionate/% | |||||||
| 6 h | 30.09±0.29A | 29.09±0.29B | 0.008 | ||||
| 48 h | 25.47±0.22a | 24.63±0.22b | 0.013 | ||||
| 丁酸Butyrate/% | |||||||
| 6 h | 9.25±0.20 | 9.53±0.20 | 0.265 | ||||
| 48 h | 9.34±0.20 | 9.72±0.19 | 0.170 | ||||
| 戊酸Valerate/% | |||||||
| 6 h | 1.00±0.05 | 1.09±0.05 | 0.211 | ||||
| 48 h | 1.39±0.03 | 1.35±0.03 | 0.328 | ||||
| 异戊酸Isovalerate/% | |||||||
| 6 h | 1.28±0.07 | 1.36±0.07 | 0.436 | ||||
| 48 h | 1.48±0.04 | 1.49±0.04 | 0.843 | ||||
| 乙酸/丙酸Acetate/propionate | |||||||
| 6 h | 1.95±0.04 | 2.03±0.04 | 0.073 | ||||
| 48 h | 2.45±0.04 | 2.56±0.04 | 0.058 | ||||

京公网安备 11010802041926号