1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 原料 Ingredients | 含量 Content | 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米Corn | 64.75 | 代谢能Metabolic energy/(MJ/kg) | 11.09 | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 24.30 | 干物质Dry matter | 87.60 | |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine | 0.08 | 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 15.50 | |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-lysine·HCl | 0.07 | 钙Calcium | 3.50 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 9.10 | 有效磷Available phosphorus | 0.30 | |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.00 | 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.33 | |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.38 | 含硫氨基酸Sulphur amino acids | 0.59 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.22 | 赖氨酸Lysine | 0.80 | |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.10 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
1)预混料每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 8 000 IU,VD3 1 000 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 0.50 mg,VB1 2.00 mg,VB2 8.00 mg,VB6 3.50 mg,VB12 10.00 μg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 35.00 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 10.00 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.55 mg,生物素 biotin 0.18 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 10 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 80 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 80 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 75 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.40 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.30 mg。 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集与指标测定
1.4.1 样品采集与处理
1.4.2 生产性能、蛋品质和鸡蛋DHA含量的测定
1.4.3 血清生化和抗氧化指标的测定
1.4.4 盲肠微生物测定
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.2 裂壶藻粉对肉种鸡生产性能的影响
表2 裂壶藻粉对肉种鸡生产性能的影响Table 2 Effects of Schizochytrium powder on performance of broiler breeders |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ(对照Control) | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | |
| 平均日采食量Average daily feed intake/(g/d) | 78.79±1.35b | 78.15±1.21b | 77.72±1.25b | 75.74±1.28a |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 41.80±0.23 | 41.71±0.21 | 41.54±0.19 | 41.32±0.17 |
| 料蛋比Feed to egg ratio | 2.49±0.06 | 2.48±0.04 | 2.44±0.05 | 2.45±0.04 |
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 80.54±0.88b | 79.83±0.81b | 79.74±0.83b | 78.17±0.85a |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.3 裂壶藻粉对肉种鸡蛋品质的影响
表3 裂壶藻粉对肉种鸡蛋品质的影响Table 3 Effects of Schizochytrium powder on egg quality of broiler breeders |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ(对照Control) | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | |
| 不合格蛋率Defective egg rate/% | 5.12±0.31b | 3.71±0.18a | 3.59±0.22a | 3.67±0.21a |
| 蛋壳强度Eggshell strength/(kg/cm2) | 40.86±0.63a | 42.94±0.61b | 42.36±0.64b | 42.57±0.68b |
| 蛋壳厚度Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.32±0.01 | 0.31±0.01 | 0.32±0.01 | 0.32±0.01 |
| 蛋壳比率Eggshell ratio/% | 10.65±0.17 | 10.71±0.21 | 10.67±0.19 | 10.69±0.22 |
| 蛋黄比率Yolk ratio/% | 32.73±0.24 | 32.76±0.25 | 32.84±0.21 | 32.81±0.23 |
| 蛋白高度Protein height/mm | 5.78±0.05 | 5.81±0.06 | 5.85±0.06 | 5.87±0.07 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 80.85±0.93a | 82.47±0.98b | 82.78±1.07b | 84.59±1.05c |
| 二十二碳六烯酸DHA/(mg/kg) | 900.37±11.93a | 1 930.89±15.47b | 2 580.96±33.53c | 3 560.18±61.94d |
2.4 裂壶藻粉对肉种鸡血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响
表4 裂壶藻粉对肉种鸡血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of Schizochytrium powder on serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes of broiler breeders |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ(对照Control) | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | |
| 总胆固醇Total cholesterol/(nmol/dL) | 196.53±11.26 | 189.63±8.41 | 192.63±7.81 | 187.63±9.72 |
| 甘油三酯Triglyceride/(nmol/mL) | 5.44±1.43b | 3.35±1.24a | 3.46±1.31a | 3.21±1.26a |
| 谷丙转氨酶Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/(U/mL) | 17.21±0.92 | 17.84±0.92 | 17.36±0.84 | 16.96±0.77 |
| 低密度脂蛋白Low density lipoprotein/(nmol/mL) | 3.56±0.54a | 5.19±0.71b | 6.42±0.57c | 7.96±0.63d |
| 总抗氧化能力Total antioxidant capacity/(μmol/mL) | 0.65±0.05a | 0.94±0.08b | 0.89±0.07b | 1.21±0.06c |
| 超氧化物歧化酶Superoxide dismutase/(U/mL) | 1.82±0.32a | 2.58±0.45b | 2.73±0.44b | 3.96±0.57c |
| 过氧化物酶Peroxidase/(U/mL) | 2.25±1.06a | 4.81±1.14b | 5.14±1.22b | 6.35±1.35c |
| 丙二醛Malondialdehyde/(nmol/mL) | 6.53±0.85d | 3.41±0.64b | 5.78±0.72c | 2.13±0.56a |
2.5 裂壶藻粉对肉种鸡盲肠微生物的影响
2.5.1 聚类和稀释曲线分析
2.5.2 Alpha多样性综合分析
表5 Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组Alpha多样性综合分析Table 5 Comprehensive analysis of Alpha diversity between group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ |
| 项目Items | 分析方法Analysis method | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Sobs指数 | t检验 | 0.934 |
| Sobs index | Wilcoxon秩和检验 | 0.841 |
| Shannon指数 | t检验 | 0.798 |
| Shannon index | Wilcoxon秩和检验 | 1.000 |
| Simpson指数 | t检验 | 0.286 |
| Simpson index | Wilcoxon秩和检验 | 0.310 |
| Chao指数 | t检验 | 0.923 |
| Chao index | Wilcoxon秩和检验 | 0.841 |
| Ace指数 | t检验 | 0.896 |
| Ace index | Wilcoxon秩和检验 | 0.841 |
2.5.3 Beta多样性分析
2.5.4 物种组成分析
表6 属水平和门水平上主要代表性的优势菌群相对丰度Table 6 Relative abundances of dominant bacteria at genus level and phylum level |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |
|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅲ | |
| 属水平Genus level | ||
| 拟杆菌属Bacteroides | 2.05±1.07a | 5.05±1.22b |
| 巨大孢菌属Macrospora | 3.21±1.62a | 7.43±1.86b |
| 乳酸球菌属Lactococcus | 2.16±0.35a | 5.13±0.94b |
| 链球菌属Streptococcus | 5.15±1.33b | 3.24±0.56a |
| 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus | 8.58±2.41b | 3.46±0.28a |
| 门水平Phylum level | ||
| 变形菌门Proteobacteria | 13.54±2.22a | 25.82±4.24b |
| 拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes | 9.32±1.82a | 21.32±3.67b |

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