1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 10.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 7.00 |
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 8.00 |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 29.00 |
| 稻壳粉Husk powder | 10.00 |
| 葵花粕Sunflower meal | 7.00 |
| 苜蓿Alfalfa | 8.20 |
| 花生壳Peanut shell | 10.00 |
| 次粉Wheat middlings | 5.00 |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 0.80 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 5.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.21 |
| 干物质DM | 88.31 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.97 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 5.73 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.43 |
| 粗纤维CF | 16.49 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 20.68 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 37.42 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 4.19 |
| 钙Ca | 0.53 |
| 总磷TP | 0.31 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.74 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.45 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:石粉 limestone 15.3 g,NaHCO3 10 g,NaCl 3.5 g,Na2SO4 0.5 g,赖氨酸 Lys (65%) 1.5 g,蛋氨酸 Met 1.2 g,胆碱 choline 0.5 g,葡萄糖 glucose 15 g,氯苯胍 C15H14Cl3N5 0.6 g(10%),酵母硒 yeast selenium 0.2 g,复合酶 composite enzyme 0.5 g,VA 8 000 IU,VD3 1 000 IU,VE 50 mg,VK3 2.3 mg,硫胺素 thiamine 1.75 mg,核黄素 riboflavin 6.9 mg,烟酸 niacin 28.45 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 6.7 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.6 mg,VB12 2.2 mg,Cu 50 mg,Fe 100 mg,Mn 30 mg,Mg 150 mg,I 0.1 mg。 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集和指标
1.4.1 饲粮营养成分含量
1.4.2 生长性能
平均日增重(g/d)=(终末体重-初始体重)/试验天数;
平均日采食量(g/d)=总采食量/试验天数;
料重比=平均日采食量/平均日增重。
1.4.3 屠宰性能和脏器发育
半净膛率(g/kg)=半净膛重/宰前活重;
全净膛率(g/kg)=全净膛重/宰前活重;
肝脏指数(g/kg)=肝脏重量/宰前活重;
胸腺指数(g/kg)=胸腺重量/宰前活重;
脾脏指数(g/kg)=脾脏重量/宰前活重。
1.4.4 小肠发育与形态指标
十二指肠(空肠或回肠)指数(g/kg)=十二指肠(空肠或回肠)重量/宰前活重。
1.4.5 肝脏和血清抗氧化指标
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮中添加GOD对断奶肉兔生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶肉兔生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of diet supplemented with GOD on growth performance of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 葡萄糖氧化酶添加量GOD supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | 600 | |||
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.007 | 0.144 |
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 2.32a | 2.33a | 2.24b | 2.21c | 0.004 | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 119.57b | 123.10a | 117.88c | 116.40d | 1.256 | <0.001 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 39.06a | 39.79a | 37.12ab | 36.87b | 0.419 | 0.021 |
| 料重比F/G | 3.17 | 3.17 | 3.04 | 3.08 | 0.031 | 0.367 |
同行肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加GOD对断奶肉兔屠宰性能和脏器发育的影响
表3 饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶肉兔屠宰性能和脏器发育的影响Table 3 Effects of diet supplemented with GOD on slaughter performance and organ development of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 葡萄糖氧化酶添加量GOD supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | 600 | |||
| 半净膛重Half-eviscerated weight/kg | 1.27b | 1.40a | 1.33ab | 1.35ab | 0.020 | 0.047 |
| 全净膛重Eviscerated weight/kg | 1.19 | 1.29 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 0.019 | 0.254 |
| 半净膛率 Percentage of half-eviscerated yield/% | 59.56 | 59.80 | 59.87 | 60.91 | 0.004 | 0.615 |
| 全净膛率 Percentage of eviscerated yield/% | 55.37 | 55.32 | 55.86 | 56.51 | 0.004 | 0.676 |
| 肝脏重量Liver weight/g | 67.88b | 81.85a | 68.15b | 76.17a | 1.563 | 0.001 |
| 脾脏重量Spleen weight/g | 2.01b | 2.41a | 2.06b | 1.72b | 0.070 | 0.003 |
| 胸腺重量Thymus weight/g | 4.62 | 5.86 | 5.00 | 5.11 | 0.258 | 0.398 |
| 肝脏指数Liver index/(g/kg) | 31.85bc | 34.93a | 30.71c | 34.35ab | 0.554 | 0.014 |
| 脾脏指数Spleen index /(g/kg) | 0.95ab | 1.04a | 0.93ab | 0.77b | 0.035 | 0.048 |
| 胸腺指数Thymus index/(g/kg) | 2.15 | 2.47 | 2.25 | 2.28 | 0.090 | 0.679 |
2.3 饲粮中添加GOD对断奶肉兔小肠发育和形态的影响
2.3.1 饲粮中添加GOD对断奶肉兔小肠发育的影响
表4 饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶肉兔小肠发育的影响Table 4 Effects of diet supplemented with GOD on intestinal development of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 葡萄糖氧化酶添加量GOD supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | 600 | |||
| 十二指肠长度Duodenal length/cm | 16.00 | 18.45 | 18.15 | 16.11 | 0.521 | 0.190 |
| 空肠长度Jejunal length/cm | 224.13 | 226.00 | 205.63 | 203.25 | 4.367 | 0.126 |
| 回肠长度Ileal length/cm | 19.63b | 22.50a | 23.75a | 22.38a | 0.019 | 0.019 |
| 十二指肠重量Duodenal weight/g | 6.14 | 7.23 | 6.85 | 6.24 | 0.333 | 0.333 |
| 空肠重量Jejunal weight/g | 64.94 | 61.83 | 65.37 | 63.15 | 0.630 | 0.630 |
| 回肠重量Ileal weight/g | 5.20 | 5.40 | 5.65 | 5.80 | 0.179 | 0.179 |
| 十二指肠指数 Duodenal index/(g/kg) | 2.99 | 3.11 | 3.21 | 2.90 | 0.857 | 0.857 |
| 空肠指数Jejunal index/(g/kg) | 30.72 | 26.76 | 29.16 | 29.15 | 0.096 | 0.096 |
| 回肠指数Ileal index/(g/kg) | 2.42 | 2.36 | 2.59 | 2.64 | 0.438 | 0.438 |
2.3.2 饲粮中添加GOD对断奶肉兔小肠形态的影响
表5 饲粮中添加GOD对断奶肉兔小肠形态的影响Table 5 Effects of diet supplemented with GOD on intestinal morphology of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 葡萄糖氧化酶添加量GOD supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | 600 | |||
| 十二指肠Duodenum | ||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 1 143.20 | 1 026.13 | 1 088.14 | 1 124.62 | 23.580 | 0.299 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 297.40 | 276.10 | 294.85 | 293.60 | 11.485 | 0.905 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 4.06 | 3.89 | 3.76 | 3.91 | 0.163 | 0.951 |
| 空肠Jejunum | ||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 750.33 | 820.14 | 763.83 | 811.67 | 20.417 | 0.565 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 228.33 | 205.20 | 219.33 | 208.50 | 7.995 | 0.746 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 3.33 | 4.07 | 3.56 | 4.05 | 0.152 | 0.226 |
| 回肠Ileum | ||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 622.20 | 621.40 | 663.93 | 663.21 | 11.347 | 0.342 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 195.50 | 175.80 | 193.64 | 178.28 | 4.428 | 0.278 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 3.22 | 3.61 | 3.55 | 3.79 | 0.096 | 0.272 |
2.4 饲粮中添加GOD对断奶肉兔肝脏和血清抗氧化指标的影响
表6 饲粮中添加GOD对断奶肉兔肝脏和血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of diet supplemented with GOD on antioxidant indicators in liver and serum of weaned meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 葡萄糖氧化酶添加量GOD supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 200 | 400 | 600 | |||
| 肝脏Liver | ||||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.004 | 0.910 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mg prot) | 7.70c | 9.21bc | 10.35ab | 11.64a | 0.442 | 0.007 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.009 | 0.501 |
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mg prot) | 5.66b | 5.83b | 6.37ab | 7.42a | 0.229 | 0.024 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 20.61b | 25.80ab | 28.22a | 33.26a | 1.117 | 0.017 |
| 血清Serum | ||||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.019 | 0.892 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 207.84 | 193.48 | 196.64 | 200.15 | 2.333 | 0.150 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 2.15 | 1.95 | 1.85 | 2.39 | 0.604 | 0.875 |
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) | 1.68b | 6.94b | 15.35a | 4.26b | 1.684 | 0.020 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 90.55c | 229.08a | 207.40b | 222.69a | 11.716 | <0.001 |

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