1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验材料
1.3 试验动物及饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米秸秆青贮Corn straw silage | 65.00 |
| 花生藤Peanut straw | 7.00 |
| 稻草Rice straw | 4.00 |
| 白酒糟Distiller’s grain | 23.00 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.20 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.80 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 11.40 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 10.50 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 60.34 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 39.95 |
| 维持净能NEm/(MJ/kg) | 8.70 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 30 000 IU,VD3 5 000 IU,VE 2 000 IU,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 50 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 20 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 10 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 5 mg,Co (as cobalt sulfate) 0.5 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 1 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.5 mg。 |
1.4 常规营养成分测定
1.5 尼龙袋试验方法
1.6 计算方法
1.6.1 瘤胃降解率计算
某营养成分某时间点的瘤胃降解率(%)=
100×(降解前该营养成分含量-降解后
该营养成分含量)/降解前该营养成分含量。
1.6.2 瘤胃降解参数计算
1.7 数据统计
2 结果与分析
2.1 3种粗饲料的常规营养成分含量
表2 3种粗饲料的常规营养成分含量(干物质基础)Table 2 Conventional nutritional component contents in three roughages (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 番木瓜皮 Papaya peel | 茉莉花渣 Jasmine residue | 稻草 Rice straw | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质(风干基础) DM (air-dry basis) | 90.74±0.10b | 92.75±0.37a | 91.30±0.15b | 0.007 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 24.51±0.34a | 23.16±0.23b | 8.27±0.17c | <0.001 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 12.18±0.69a | 8.74±0.09b | 12.58±0.57a | 0.009 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 25.26±0.02c | 38.17±0.08b | 66.76±2.65a | <0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 19.34±0.42c | 27.54±0.76b | 37.85±0.85a | <0.001 |
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 3种粗饲料在水牛瘤胃中的降解特性
2.2.1 3种粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解特性
表3 3种粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 3 Rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of DM in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 番木瓜皮 Papaya peel | 茉莉花渣 Jasmine residue | 稻草 Rice straw | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||
| 2 h | 53.49±3.34a | 33.24±3.47b | 12.18±2.26c | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 60.04±4.47a | 37.85±3.15b | 13.07±3.98c | <0.001 |
| 6 h | 72.11±3.91a | 45.39±3.97b | 17.31±1.77c | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 86.84±1.17a | 63.32±6.58b | 28.14±2.29c | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 90.25±0.76a | 69.64±5.48b | 39.02±4.29c | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 92.41±0.64a | 77.37±2.35b | 60.58±1.78c | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 94.03±1.10a | 80.62±3.52b | 68.55±6.43c | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 3.33±0.47b | 6.16±1.12a | 4.32±0.39b | 0.009 |
| b/% | 88.05±0.86a | 70.23±2.62b | 68.80±2.11b | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.301±0.024a | 0.152±0.006b | 0.034±0.003c | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 83.14±0.74a | 64.51±0.97b | 40.41±1.43c | <0.001 |
a:快速降解部分;b:慢速降解部分;c:慢速降解部分的降解速率;ED:有效降解率。下表同。 | |
a: the fraction of immediately degraded; b: the fraction of slowly degraded; c: the degradation rate of the fraction of slowly degraded; ED: the effective degradation rate. The same as below. |
2.2.2 3种粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解特性
表4 3种粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 4 Rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of CP in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 番木瓜皮 Papaya peel | 茉莉花渣 Jasmine residue | 稻草 Rice straw | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||
| 2 h | 74.43±7.04a | 14.20±1.71b | 12.61±2.92b | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 79.44±1.78a | 23.97±3.77b | 13.41±3.30c | <0.001 |
| 6 h | 86.19±1.92a | 27.32±4.44b | 19.10±3.12c | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 93.10±0.46a | 48.50±2.58b | 19.50±2.96c | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 89.88±0.75a | 56.95±4.60b | 23.22±2.11c | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 92.93±1.20a | 72.70±3.92b | 24.52±2.99c | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 94.77±1.05a | 79.58±4.84b | 31.88±5.62c | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 0.42±0.08b | 3.07±0.37a | 0.89±0.20b | <0.001 |
| b/% | 90.94±0.62a | 73.78±4.41b | 23.04±1.65c | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.790±0.049a | 0.070±0.007c | 0.564±0.156b | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 87.91±0.45a | 54.18±2.57b | 22.23±0.11c | <0.001 |
2.2.3 3种粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解特性
表5 3种粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 5 Rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of NDF in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 番木瓜皮 Papaya peel | 茉莉花渣 Jasmine residue | 稻草 Rice straw | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||||
| 2 h | 13.54±1.88a | 5.83±1.65b | 7.52±0.50b | <0.001 | ||||
| 4 h | 28.87±1.82a | 7.07±4.91b | 8.44±1.16b | <0.001 | ||||
| 6 h | 47.91±3.51a | 16.12±1.64b | 11.06±1.68b | <0.001 | ||||
| 12 h | 54.90±2.83a | 43.70±2.70b | 15.23±2.35c | <0.001 | ||||
| 24 h | 62.06±3.02a | 55.80±4.69b | 33.80±4.11c | <0.001 | ||||
| 48 h | 85.43±1.56a | 62.57±3.85b | 59.07±2.04c | <0.001 | ||||
| 72 h | 89.45±1.43a | 66.79±6.05b | 65.86±2.24b | <0.001 | ||||
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||||
| a/% | 2.93±0.01a | 0.60±0.02c | 0.74±0.02b | <0.001 | ||||
| b/% | 83.65±3.25 | 70.94±4.84 | 87.09±4.10 | 0.058 | ||||
| c/(%/h) | 0.077±0.024a | 0.075±0.002a | 0.022±0.001b | 0.046 | ||||
| ED/% | 61.85±3.20a | 50.68±3.02b | 36.38±0.96c | 0.005 | ||||
2.2.4 3种粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解特性
表6 3种粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 6 Rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of ADF in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 番木瓜皮 Papaya peel | 茉莉花渣 Jasmine residue | 稻草 Rice straw | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||||
| 2 h | 18.05±2.51a | 6.09±1.80b | 4.53±2.04b | <0.001 | ||||
| 4 h | 21.18±5.51a | 20.12±2.56a | 8.48±1.95b | <0.001 | ||||
| 6 h | 41.37±1.86a | 21.34±3.05b | 12.07±0.79c | <0.001 | ||||
| 12 h | 64.71±2.27a | 32.43±3.80b | 13.69±1.24c | <0.001 | ||||
| 24 h | 74.94±1.01a | 54.29±5.51b | 35.00±4.02c | <0.001 | ||||
| 48 h | 83.96±1.68a | 60.11±4.29b | 60.44±2.33b | <0.001 | ||||
| 72 h | 90.40±1.15a | 64.29±6.63b | 64.92±2.01b | <0.001 | ||||
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||||
| a/% | 0.16±0.08b | 0.92±0.04a | 0.17±0.08b | 0.002 | ||||
| b/% | 87.92±0.46a | 62.11±3.73b | 82.84±2.88a | 0.005 | ||||
| c/(%/h) | 0.092±0.013a | 0.071±0.003a | 0.025±0.001b | 0.006 | ||||
| ED/% | 65.79±2.04a | 44.13±2.03b | 36.72±0.76c | 0.001 | ||||

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