1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验材料
1.3 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | ||||
| 原料 Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米 Corn | 55.24 | 59.37 | |||
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 36.92 | 31.90 | |||
| 豆油 Soybean oil | 3.50 | 5.00 | |||
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.12 | 1.23 | |||
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 2.10 | 1.50 | |||
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.28 | 0.27 | |||
| L-赖氨酸 L-Lys (98.0%) | 0.22 | 0.11 | |||
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | |||
| 预混料 Premix1) | 0.23 | 0.23 | |||
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (70%) | 0.09 | 0.09 | |||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.34 | 12.97 | |||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 21.00 | 19.00 | |||
| 钙 Ca | 1.00 | 0.90 | |||
| 总磷 TP | 0.67 | 0.56 | |||
| 有效磷 AP | 0.45 | 0.35 | |||
| 可消化赖氨酸 D-Lys | 1.20 | 1.00 | |||
| 可消化蛋氨酸+可消化半胱氨酸 D-Met+D-Cys | 0.85 | 0.80 | |||
| 可消化苏氨酸 D-Thr | 0.66 | 0.60 | |||
| 可消化色氨酸 D-Trp | 0.22 | 0.20 | |||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kilogram of diets:VA 8 000 IU,VD3 1 000 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 0.50 mg,VB1 2.00 mg,VB2 8.00 mg,VB6 3.50 mg,VB12 10.00 μg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 35.00 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 10.00 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.55 mg,生物素 biotin 0.18 mg,Fe 80.00 mg,Cu 8.00 mg,Mn 100.00 mg,Zn 80.00 mg,I 0.70 mg,Se 0.30 mg。 |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 检测指标与方法
1.5.1 饲粮营养成分
1.5.2 饮水pH
1.5.3 饮水病源微生物数量
1.5.4 生长性能
1.5.5 肠道pH
1.5.6 肠道消化酶活性
1.5.7 肠道长度和重量
1.5.8 肠道形态
1.6 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果
2.1 复合酸化剂对饮水pH的影响
表2 复合酸化剂对饮水pH的影响Table 2 Effects of compound acidifiers on pH in drinking water |
| 项目 Items | 复合酸化剂添加量 Compound acidifiers addition amount/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照组 Control group) | 0.10 | 0.15 | |
| 7日龄 7 days of age | 7.71 | 3.40 | 3.30 |
| 14日龄 14 days of age | 7.58 | 3.50 | 3.50 |
| 21日龄 21 days of age | 7.68 | 3.35 | 3.11 |
| 28日龄 28 days of age | 7.96 | 3.39 | 3.24 |
| 35日龄 35 days of age | 7.96 | 3.42 | 3.26 |
| 42日龄 42 days of age | 7.88 | 3.30 | 3.14 |
2.2 复合酸化剂对饮水中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量的影响
表3 复合酸化剂对饮水中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量的影响Table 3 Effects of compound acidifiers on numbers of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in drinking waterCFU/mL |
| 项目 Items | 复合酸化剂添加量 Compound acidifiers addition amount/% | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照组 Control group) | 0.10 | 0.15 | |||||||
| 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 沙门氏菌 Salmonella | 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 沙门氏菌 Salmonella | 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 沙门氏菌 Salmonella | ||||
| 7日龄 7 days of age | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 14日龄 14 days of age | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 21日龄 21 days of age | 7.2×102 | 1.5×102 | — | — | — | — | |||
| 28日龄 28 days of age | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 35日龄 35 days of age | 5.4×102 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 42日龄 42 days of age | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
—:未检出 not detected。 |
2.3 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响
表4 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 4 Effects of adding compound acidifiers to drinking water on growth performance of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 日龄 Days of age | 复合酸化剂添加量 Compound acidifiers addition amount/% | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照组 Control group) | 0.10 | 0.15 | ||||
体重 BW/g | 1 | 43.93 | 44.14 | 44.25 | 0.113 | 0.510 |
| 21 | 1 118.09b | 1 100.00b | 1 030.18a | 11.275 | <0.001 | |
| 42 | 3 313.38 | 3 272.37 | 3 256.57 | 31.770 | 0.778 | |
平均日增重 ADG/g | 1~21 | 51.15b | 50.27b | 46.95a | 0.538 | <0.001 |
| 22~42 | 104.54 | 107.52 | 104.70 | 0.950 | 0.372 | |
| 1~42 | 77.85 | 76.86 | 76.48 | 0.757 | 0.775 | |
平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 1~21 | 63.71b | 62.57b | 59.12a | 0.591 | 0.001 |
| 22~42 | 176.49ab | 180.56b | 173.01a | 1.179 | 0.022 | |
| 1~42 | 119.28b | 121.56b | 116.07a | 0.753 | 0.003 | |
料重比 F/G | 1~21 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 0.004 | 0.512 |
| 22~42 | 1.69b | 1.65ab | 1.63a | 0.010 | 0.049 | |
| 1~42 | 1.53 | 1.53 | 1.52 | 0.005 | 0.460 | |
| 死亡率 Mortality/% | 1~42 | 5.83 | 3.33 | 5.83 | 0.011 | 0.563 |
| 欧洲效益指数 EPI | 1~42 | 483.11 | 500.31 | 488.31 | 7.573 | 0.659 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.4 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡肠道pH的影响
表5 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡肠道pH的影响Table 5 Effects of adding compound acidifiers to drinking water on intestinal pH of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 复合酸化剂添加量 Compound acidifiers addition amount/% | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照组 Control group) | 0.10 | 0.15 | |||
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 5.91 | 6.04 | 6.05 | 0.070 | 0.686 |
| 空肠 Jejunum | 6.08 | 6.20 | 5.86 | 0.068 | 0.093 |
| 回肠 Ileum | 5.89 | 5.90 | 5.35 | 0.146 | 0.216 |
| 盲肠 Cecum | 6.38 | 6.44 | 6.60 | 0.059 | 0.320 |
2.5 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡肠道消化酶活性的影响
表6 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡肠道消化酶活性的影响Table 6 Effects of adding compound acidifiers to drinking water on intestinal digestive enzyme activities of broilersU/mg prot |
| 项目 Items | 复合酸化剂添加量 Compound acidifiers addition amount/% | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照组 Control group) | 0.10 | 0.15 | |||
| 空肠 Jejunum | |||||
| 淀粉酶 Amylase | 103.45 | 97.80 | 108.72 | 16.581 | 0.967 |
| 胰蛋白酶 Trypsin | 124.81 | 162.54 | 190.76 | 30.148 | 0.700 |
| 糜蛋白酶 Chymotrypsin | 10.47 | 7.57 | 11.03 | 1.313 | 0.524 |
| 回肠 Ileum | |||||
| 淀粉酶 Amylase | 10.85 | 15.04 | 11.42 | 1.770 | 0.963 |
| 胰蛋白酶 Trypsin | 718.85b | 328.07a | 528.05ab | 63.063 | 0.027 |
| 糜蛋白酶 Chymotrypsin | 8.98 | 9.67 | 27.37 | 3.776 | 0.068 |
2.6 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡肠道相对长度和相对重量的影响
表7 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡肠道相对长度和相对重量的影响Table 7 Effects of adding compound acidifiers to drinking water on intestinal relative length and relative weight of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 复合酸化剂添加量 Compound acidifiers addition amount/% | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照组 Control group) | 0.10 | 0.15 | |||
| 十二指肠相对长度 Relative length of duodenum/(cm/kg) | 9.15 | 9.23 | 8.89 | 0.279 | 0.884 |
| 空肠相对长度 Relative length of jejunum/(cm/kg) | 22.58 | 22.58 | 24.15 | 0.540 | 0.425 |
| 回肠相对长度 Relative length of ileum/(cm/kg) | 25.69 | 25.45 | 25.77 | 0.580 | 0.976 |
| 十二指肠相对重量 Relative weight of duodenum/(g/kg) | 7.93 | 7.65 | 7.22 | 0.356 | 0.729 |
| 空肠相对重量 Relative weight of jejunum/(g/kg) | 16.55 | 21.28 | 21.86 | 1.418 | 0.254 |
| 回肠相对重量 Relative weight of ileum/(g/kg) | 16.96 | 15.24 | 16.44 | 0.704 | 0.628 |
2.7 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡肠道形态的影响
图1 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡肠道形态的影响上图为空肠形态,下图为回肠形态。 Fig.1 Effects of adding compound acidifiers to drinking water on intestinal morphology of broilers The above figure is the morphology of jejunum, and the below figure is the morphology of ileum. |
表8 饮水中添加复合酸化剂对肉鸡肠道形态的影响Table 8 Effects of adding compound acidifiers to drinking water on intestinal morphology of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 复合酸化剂添加量 Compound acidifiers addition amount/% | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照组 Control group) | 0.10 | 0.15 | |||
| 空肠 Jejunum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 1 368.68 | 1 475.28 | 1 351.80 | 47.049 | 0.547 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 191.22 | 196.74 | 184.61 | 8.876 | 0.865 |
| 绒隐比 V/C | 6.32 | 7.93 | 7.46 | 0.319 | 0.111 |
| 回肠 Ileum | |||||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 775.99 | 927.71 | 707.19 | 37.784 | 0.058 |
| 回肠隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 151.89 | 177.44 | 151.10 | 7.304 | 0.290 |
| 绒隐比 V/C | 5.20 | 5.28 | 4.72 | 0.187 | 0.444 |

京公网安备 11010802041926号