1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计与试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~24 日龄 22 to 42 days of age |
|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米 Corn | 54.87 | 57.88 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 37.35 | 33.68 |
| 豆油 Soybean oil | 3.99 | 5.15 |
| 赖氨酸 Lysine | 0.17 | 0.08 |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.18 | 0.10 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.59 | 1.39 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.10 | 1.02 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 0.45 | 0.40 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.34 | 13.10 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 22.00 | 19.00 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 11.62 | 11.22 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.96 | 0.86 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.68 | 0.63 |
| 有效磷 AP | 0.47 | 0.42 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 1.47 | 1.17 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.57 | 0.53 |
| 色氨酸 Trp | 0.23 | 0.21 |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 1.03 | 0.97 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 1.13 | 1.03 |
| 异亮氨酸 Lle | 1.01 | 0.99 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets: VA 18 000 IU,VE≥90 mg,VK3≥7.2 mg,VB1≥6.84 mg,VB2≥27 mg,VD3 2 800 IU,VB6≥13.5 mg,VB12≥0.108 mg,Cu 8 mg,I 1.0 mg,Fe 100 mg,Mn 120 mg,Se 0.15 mg,Zn 80 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid ≥10 mg,生物素 biotin ≥0.72 mg,叶酸 folic acid ≥19.8 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 700 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide ≥40 mg。 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 免疫器官指数及腹脂率
1.4.3 肉品质
1.4.4 血清的采集与指标测定
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of Mori cortex extract on growth performance of white-feathered chickens |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 桑白皮提取物添加水平 Mori cortex extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | |||
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | ||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 54.10±1.10 | 55.91±1.19 | 55.38±1.19 | 57.18±2.60 | 56.12±1.86 | 0.396 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 32.85±2.08 | 34.61±1.03 | 33.71±2.03 | 32.44±1.95 | 34.33±0.92 | 0.462 |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.65±0.08 | 1.61±0.04 | 1.64±0.06 | 1.72±014 | 1.59±0.09 | 0.612 |
| 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | ||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 128.08±4.04 | 136.31±5.04 | 135.16±8.95 | 133.79±4.86 | 130.17±5.01 | 0.493 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 67.79±3.20 | 70.61±3.05 | 69.22±3.29 | 69.13±3.71 | 69.77±3.83 | 0.418 |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.87±0.06 | 1.93±0.07 | 1.95±0.13 | 1.94±0.08 | 1.87±0.17 | 0.504 |
| 1~42日龄 1 to 42 days of age | ||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 91.97±1.99 | 94.81±2.29 | 91.37±5.53 | 93.17±2.05 | 91.22±4.58 | 0.741 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 51.20±1.79 | 52.06±2.02 | 50.83±0.89 | 51.62±2.08 | 51.31±1.27 | 0.692 |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.78±0.02 | 1.82±0.03 | 1.79±0.11 | 1.80±0.08 | 1.77±0.97 | 0.955 |
| 成活率 Survival rate/% | 98.81±2.91 | 100.00±0.01 | 98.81±2.91 | 96.43±5.98 | 97.62±3.69 | 0.539 |
同行数据肩标相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference(P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference(P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡免疫指标的影响
表3 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡免疫器官指数及腹脂率的影响Table 3 Effects of Mori cortex extract on immune organ indexes and abdomen fat percentage of white-feathered chickens% |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 桑白皮提取物添加水平 Mori cortex extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | |||
| 胸腺指数 Thymus index | 0.13±0.01c | 0.20±0.01b | 0.24±0.02a | 0.23±0.01a | 0.25±0.02a | <0.001 |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 0.15±0.01 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.16±0.01 | 0.15±0.02 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.626 |
| 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 0.13±0.01bc | 0.14±0.01a | 0.11±0.02c | 0.12±0.01bc | 0.13±0.01ab | 0.007 |
| 腹脂率 Abdomen fat percentage | 2.13±0.11a | 2.09±0.08a | 1.61±0.10c | 1.82±0.06b | 1.54±0.09c | <0.001 |
表4 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡血清免疫指标的影响Table 4 Effects of Mori cortex extract on serum immunity indexes of white-feathered chickensμg/mL |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 桑白皮提取物添加水平 Mori cortex extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 40.02±2.03b | 51.87±4.52a | 49.59±5.86a | 52.13±7.17a | 46.70±7.65a | 0.008 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 25.64±9.85c | 77.52±21.50ab | 66.69±20.73b | 81.48±3.55ab | 89.21±18.15a | 0.001 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 23.96±6.65c | 24.53±3.39c | 30.78±4.87ab | 34.08±5.59a | 27.28±2.49bc | 0.006 |
2.3 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡肉品质的影响
表5 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of Mori cortex extract on meat quality of white-feathered chickens |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 桑白皮提取物添加水平 Mori cortex extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | |||
| 胸肌 Breast muscle | ||||||
| 红度 a* | 6.23±0.75 | 5.61±0.31 | 5.96±0.33 | 5.72±0.09 | 5.43±0.52 | 0.641 |
| 黄度 b* | 10.85±0.36 | 9.47±0.39 | 9.28±0.89 | 9.50±0.91 | 10.48±0.31 | 0.116 |
| 亮度 L* | 52.21±2.98 | 50.98±1.75 | 51.33±1.90 | 51.18±1.32 | 52.83±2.34 | 0.528 |
| pH45 min | 6.40±0.20 | 6.21±0.24 | 6.19±0.25 | 6.17±0.26 | 6.53±0.23 | 0.054 |
| pH24 h | 5.95±0.07 | 5.93±0.05 | 5.95±0.07 | 6.01±0.07 | 5.96±0.05 | 0.351 |
| 滴水损失 Drip loss/% | 2.48±0.18a | 2.26±0.14ab | 1.98±0.18c | 2.05±0.11bc | 2.17±0.29bc | 0.001 |
| 系水力 Water holding capacity/% | 21.05±2.13 | 21.90±2.09 | 19.22±1.72 | 20.97±1.14 | 19.35±0.05 | 0.663 |
| 腿肌 Leg muscle | ||||||
| 红度 a* | 9.58±0.30b | 11.07±1.31a | 10.61±0.28a | 10.68±0.30a | 11.22±0.81a | 0.006 |
| 黄度 b* | 12.29±0.69a | 11.67±0.54a | 10.71±0.79b | 10.75±1.04b | 10.93±0.57b | 0.004 |
| 亮度 L* | 61.56±2.83 | 59.84±2.36 | 61.21±2.55 | 61.26±0.99 | 61.52±2.02 | 0.662 |
| pH45 min | 6.10±0.12 | 6.30±0.25 | 6.14±0.20 | 6.05±0.16 | 6.11±0.20 | 0.250 |
| pH24 h | 6.01±0.06c | 6.08±0.05bc | 6.10±0.05bc | 6.24±0.13a | 6.14±0.08ab | 0.001 |
| 滴水损失 Drip loss/% | 2.54±0.19a | 2.16±0.15b | 2.24±0.17ab | 2.29±0.13ab | 2.09±0.26b | 0.005 |
| 系水力 Water holding capacity/% | 19.10±1.13 | 20.60±1.47 | 19.28±1.97 | 21.62±1.82 | 20.56±1.42 | 0.725 |
表6 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡肌肉质构特性的影响Table 6 Effects of Mori cortex extract on muscle texture characteristics of white-feathered chickens |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 桑白皮提取物添加水平 Mori cortex extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | |||
| 胸肌 Breast muscle | ||||||
| 硬度 Hardness/N | 45.50±3.98a | 21.47±2.18c | 26.87±3.27b | 22.46±4.47c | 22.65±3.30c | <0.001 |
| 内聚性Cohesiveness/N | 0.29±0.04 | 0.27±0.02 | 0.26±0.05 | 0.29±0.03 | 0.31±0.02 | 0.266 |
| 弹性 Elastic/mm | 1.68±0.10 | 1.66±0.03 | 1.71±0.07 | 1.66±0.07 | 1.60±0.09 | 0.276 |
| 胶黏性 Tackiness/N | 11.41±0.33 | 11.49±0.48 | 11.33±0.30 | 11.26±0.28 | 11.67±0.25 | 0.305 |
| 咀嚼性 Chewiness/mj | 25.04±2.70a | 25.20±3.00a | 25.07±2.49a | 21.72±1.45b | 15.81±3.17c | <0.001 |
| 腿肌 Leg muscle | ||||||
| 硬度 Hardness/N | 46.76±2.68a | 45.53±3.78ab | 41.55±3.73c | 42.02±2.85b | 46.17±2.32a | 0.018 |
| 内聚性Cohesiveness/N | 0.29±0.04 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.32±0.04 | 0.31±0.05 | 0.33±0.03 | 0.209 |
| 弹性 Elastic/mm | 1.64±0.05 | 1.56±0.15 | 1.61±0.04 | 1.61±0.06 | 1.62±0.04 | 0.617 |
| 胶黏性 Tackiness/N | 14.29±2.47b | 15.64±0.43a | 15.37±0.36a | 15.50±0.35a | 15.91±0.79a | 0.020 |
| 咀嚼性 Chewiness/mj | 22.04±1.79 | 22.63±1.61 | 23.58±3.30 | 22.40±4.20 | 21.70±2.16 | 0.813 |
2.4 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响
表7 桑白皮提取物对白羽肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of Mori cortex extract on serum antioxidant indexes of white-feathered chickens |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 桑白皮提取物添加水平 Mori cortex extract supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | |||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 1.40±0.19b | 5.23±1.01a | 4.74±1.04a | 5.05±1.75a | 0.37±0.10b | <0.001 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/mL) | 0.91±0.12 | 1.24±0.16 | 1.42±0.12 | 1.16±0.10 | 1.21±0.16 | 0.059 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 3.72±0.19 | 3.98±0.17 | 3.84±0.14 | 3.80±0.85 | 4.17±0.54 | 0.889 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 211.34±8.90 | 215.55±3.60 | 212.61±3.80 | 208.14±1.40 | 211.42±1.10 | 0.825 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 37.46±2.37 | 35.52±4.54 | 37.97±4.16 | 36.74±4.69 | 35.25±2.60 | 0.465 |

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