1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计和饲粮
表1 小麦样品信息Table 1 Information of wheat samples |
| 小麦编号Wheat numbers | 采样地点Sample location | 产地Sources |
|---|---|---|
| W1 | 陕西咸阳 | 陕西 |
| W2 | 湖北荆州 | 湖北 |
| W3 | 江苏扬州 | 江苏 |
| W4 | 安徽合肥 | 安徽 |
| W5 | 湖南常德 | 湖北 |
| W6 | 湖南常德 | 河南 |
| W7 | 湖南常德 | 河南 |
| W8 | 江苏南京 | 安徽 |
| W9 | 江苏宿迁 | 江苏 |
| W10 | 四川成都 | 四川 |
表2 无氮饲粮和小麦饲粮组成及营养水平(饲喂基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of nitrogen-free diet and wheat diets (as-fed basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 无氮饲粮 Nitrogen free diet | 小麦 饲粮1 Wheat diet 1 | 小麦 饲粮2 Wheat diet 2 | 小麦 饲粮3 Wheat diet 3 | 小麦 饲粮4 Wheat diet 4 | 小麦 饲粮5 Wheat diet 5 | 小麦 饲粮6 Wheat diet 6 | 小麦 饲粮7 Wheat diet 7 | 小麦 饲粮8 Wheat diet 8 | 小麦 饲粮9 Wheat diet 9 | 小麦 饲粮10 Wheat diet 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||
| 小麦Wheat | 95.66 | 95.66 | 95.66 | 95.66 | 95.66 | 95.66 | 95.66 | 95.66 | 95.66 | 95.66 | |
| 玉米淀粉Corn starch | 63.81 | ||||||||||
| 葡萄糖Glucose1) | 27.00 | ||||||||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHP | 1.91 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 |
| 石粉Limestone1) | 1.16 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
| 食盐NaCl1) | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 纤维素Cellulose1) | 5.00 | ||||||||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%)1) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 碳酸氢钠NaHC | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 预混剂Premix1,2) | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| 抗氧化剂Antioxidant | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 二氧化钛TiO2 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |||||||||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.92 | 12.17 | 12.17 | 12.17 | 12.17 | 12.17 | 12.17 | 12.17 | 12.17 | 12.17 | 12.17 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 0.34 | 11.50 | 13.24 | 13.31 | 10.84 | 13.85 | 12.86 | 10.18 | 10.98 | 12.51 | 10.12 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.29 | |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.15 | |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.28 | |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.12 | |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.36 | |
| 钙Ca | 0.89 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 |
| 总磷TP | 0.38 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 |
| 非植酸磷NPP | 0.37 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 |
1)饲料级 Feed grade。 |
1.2 样品采集与制备
1.3 指标测定
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 不同产地小麦的化学成分含量
表3 不同产地小麦的化学成分含量(饲喂基础)Table 3 Contents of chemical components in wheat from different sources (as-fed basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 小麦编号Wheat numbers | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | 变异系数 CV | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 | ||||
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 14.35 | 13.76 | 14.79 | 14.49 | 13.85 | 14.66 | 14.41 | 14.32 | 14.13 | 14.47 | 14.32 | 0.33 | 2.29 |
| 干物质DM | 88.55 | 87.11 | 90.31 | 89.34 | 86.99 | 89.31 | 88.99 | 88.37 | 86.58 | 88.68 | 88.42 | 1.19 | 1.35 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 11.73 | 13.49 | 13.76 | 11.95 | 14.68 | 13.08 | 11.15 | 11.32 | 14.81 | 10.66 | 12.66 | 1.50 | 11.84 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 1.26 | 0.99 | 1.59 | 1.41 | 1.03 | 1.42 | 1.44 | 2.92 | 1.42 | 1.43 | 1.49 | 0.54 | 35.98 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 1.56 | 1.57 | 1.25 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.87 | 1.88 | 1.25 | 1.34 | 1.33 | 1.46 | 0.25 | 16.94 |
| 粗纤维CF | 2.32 | 2.22 | 2.34 | 2.55 | 1.81 | 1.58 | 2.48 | 1.23 | 1.86 | 1.88 | 2.03 | 0.43 | 21.00 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 10.02 | 10.85 | 12.89 | 13.54 | 8.33 | 10.88 | 8.20 | 13.84 | 10.57 | 12.49 | 11.16 | 2.01 | 17.97 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 2.58 | 2.76 | 3.71 | 3.79 | 1.06 | 1.62 | 2.02 | 2.32 | 2.89 | 5.02 | 2.78 | 1.16 | 41.66 |
| 植酸PA | 0.54 | 0.63 | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.08 | 14.23 |
| 无氮浸出物NFE | 71.68 | 68.84 | 71.37 | 72.15 | 68.20 | 71.36 | 72.04 | 71.65 | 67.15 | 73.38 | 70.78 | 2.00 | 2.83 |
| 必需氨基酸EAA | |||||||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.66 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.05 | 8.33 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 42.40 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 0.04 | 9.62 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 0.85 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.81 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.96 | 0.76 | 0.89 | 0.08 | 9.57 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.39 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.42 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.03 | 8.28 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.59 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.57 | 0.71 | 0.64 | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.68 | 0.52 | 0.63 | 0.07 | 10.70 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 11.27 |
| 组氨酸His | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 10.24 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.80 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.75 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.52 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 16.63 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 6.89 |
| 非必需氨基酸NEAA | |||||||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.69 | 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.05 | 8.09 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 0.61 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.59 | 0.73 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.70 | 0.55 | 0.65 | 0.07 | 10.18 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 3.91 | 4.72 | 4.69 | 3.77 | 4.99 | 4.26 | 3.61 | 3.99 | 4.61 | 3.39 | 4.20 | 0.54 | 12.86 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 0.54 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.48 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.05 | 9.09 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.41 | 0.48 | 0.04 | 8.03 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 41.36 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.06 | 16.21 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 1.66 | 2.02 | 1.93 | 1.59 | 2.15 | 1.80 | 1.45 | 1.62 | 1.89 | 1.36 | 1.75 | 0.25 | 14.46 |
2.2 不同产地小麦对中速型黄羽肉仔鸡回肠氨基酸消化率的影响
表4 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对不同产地来源小麦的氨基酸表观回肠消化率Table 4 Amino acids AID of wheat from different sources in medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers % |
| 项目 Items | 小麦编号Wheat numbers | 平均值 Mean | 变异系数 CV | P值 P-value | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 | ||||||
| 必需氨基酸EAA | |||||||||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 67.7±3.7bcd | 66.4±4.1cd | 74.5±1.5a | 64.6±4.3de | 73.2±2.7ab | 72.3±1.7abc | 57.0±12.9f | 59.2±3.8ef | 67.6±6.7bcd | 61.9±3.8def | 66.4 | 8.89 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 82.1±3.9bcd | 81.0±1.9cde | 86.2±2.0a | 79.7±3.3def | 84.7±0.4ab | 85.3±1.7ab | 77.7±2.1ef | 76.8±1.7f | 84.0±5.1abc | 81.9±4.0bcd | 81.9 | 3.89 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 77.6±5.0bcd | 76.2±3.2cde | 83.6±1.9a | 72.6±1.0e | 80.3±0.9ab | 80.8±1.6ab | 74.2±1.9de | 68.4±3.0f | 79.8±5.8abc | 75.8±4.2de | 76.9 | 5.80 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 79.9±4.5bcde | 80.4±2.2bcde | 85.9±2.0a | 78.1±3.4de | 82.7±0.7ab | 82.3±1.6abc | 78.3±4.2cde | 70.1±3.5f | 81.6±4.7bcd | 77.2±4.6e | 79.7 | 5.32 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 58.9±6.6cd | 57.9±5.4d | 65.9±1.1a | 59.7±1.5bcd | 63.9±3.2abc | 65.0±2.7ab | 56.0±2.0d | 49.5±1.8e | 60.4±7.3abcd | 57.2±6.8d | 59.4 | 8.19 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 78.4±5.6bc | 79.2±3.0bc | 85.6±1.6a | 75.2±3.7cd | 80.2±1.5b | 79.4±1.1bc | 73.4±4.7d | 65.4±4.0e | 78.3±5.6bc | 72.6±4.5d | 76.8 | 7.12 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 64.1±8.3bcd | 61.1±1.8cd | 70.7±2.8a | 61.9±6.6cd | 67.7±1.6ab | 67.2±4.6abc | 58.6±3.1d | 50.1±3.5e | 65.8±7.8abc | 65.5±2.9abc | 63.3 | 9.18 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 组氨酸His | 79.4±4.9bc | 80.9±2.1abc | 84.2±1.0a | 77.7±2.9c | 83.7±1.3a | 82.0±3.1ab | 78.0±1.3c | 73.7±2.5d | 84.4±4.3a | 77.5±4.5c | 80.2 | 4.38 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 精氨酸Arg | 76.7±5.0b | 76.5±2.5b | 82.3±1.6a | 73.8±3.9bc | 77.8±2.4ab | 75.2±2.4b | 73.3±4.9bc | 61.7±2.0d | 76.7±7.0b | 69.4±5.0c | 74.3 | 7.46 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 色氨酸Trp | 67.8±5.1cde | 66.1±2.3de | 61.2±11.0e | 63.7±6.0e | 72.1±3.3cd | 71.6±8.9cd | 73.8±2.6bc | 70.8±3.7cd | 83.4±5.8a | 80.1±5.0ab | 71.1 | 9.71 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 非必需氨基酸NEAA | |||||||||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 62.0±8.3ab | 59.2±1.7bc | 68.2±1.7a | 59.4±4.6bc | 63.8±2.4ab | 64.4±3.0ab | 53.0±5.5c | 43.2±3.3d | 59.4±11.5bc | 53.3±7.8c | 58.6 | 12.27 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 丝氨酸Ser | 72.6±6.1bcd | 74.1±2.6abc | 72.3±9.6cd | 71.4±3.3cd | 77.9±1.1a | 78.0±1.4ab | 70.0±0.7cd | 67.6±0.7d | 74.6±4.5abc | 70.9±5.1cd | 72.9 | 4.55 | 0.006 1 | ||
| 谷氨酸Glu | 89.1±4.0bcd | 89.7±2.0abc | 91.0±2.2abc | 90.4±1.8abc | 92.1±0.7a | 91.4±0.8ab | 87.1±1.5de | 86.4±1.3e | 91.4±2.5ab | 88.7±2.1cde | 89.7 | 2.11 | 0.000 3 | ||
| 甘氨酸Gly | 71.6±6.6bcd | 73.1±2.3abc | 72.7±5.8abc | 67.5±3.5de | 77.3±1.2a | 76.8±1.8ab | 69.1±4.9cde | 64.6±3.4e | 76.6±5.8ab | 69.3±4.8cde | 71.9 | 5.94 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 69.7±5.5a | 70.9±2.9a | 72.5±1.1a | 61.8±4.0b | 73.5±1.5a | 74.2±2.2a | 63.2±2.3b | 53.8±3.5c | 70.0±9.4a | 63.8±7.2b | 67.3 | 9.63 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 74.1±5.9bcd | 71.9±4.1de | 81.4±0.5a | 71.4±4.1de | 79.3±1.4a | 77.6±1.5ab | 72.9±5.0cde | 69.0±2.7e | 76.7±3.4abc | 74.2±4.7bcd | 74.9 | 5.14 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 80.8±4.2cd | 81.8±0.4abcd | 85.4±1.5a | 81.5±2.8bcd | 85.4±0.6ab | 84.9±1.5abc | 79.7±4.3d | 75.0±1.5e | 83.8±4.6abc | 78.2±5.5de | 81.7 | 4.15 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 脯氨酸Pro | 85.4±5.4bc | 85.1±2.1cd | 90.1±0.7a | 85.5±1.5cd | 88.7±0.4ab | 89.1±0.5ab | 84.0±0.9d | 83.9±0.6d | 89.1±2.2ab | 85.7±3.6cd | 86.7 | 2.64 | <0.000 1 | ||
表5 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对不同产地来源小麦的氨基酸标准回肠消化率Table 5 Amino acids SID of wheat from different sources in medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers % |
| 项目 Items | 小麦编号Wheat numbers | 平均值 Mean | 变异系数 CV | P值 P-value | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 | ||||||
| 必需氨基酸EAA | |||||||||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 92.8±3.7ab | 88.4±4.1bc | 96.7±1.5a | 91.2±4.3ab | 94.4±2.7ab | 94.2±1.7ab | 84.4±12.9c | 83.6±3.8c | 90.0±6.7bc | 89.9±3.8bc | 90.6 | 4.70 | 0.002 1 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 90.2±3.9abc | 88.3±1.9bcd | 93.5±2.0a | 88.2±3.3bcd | 92.0±0.4a | 92.5±1.7a | 86.7±2.1cd | 84.7±1.7d | 91.5±5.1ab | 90.9±4.0ab | 89.9 | 3.13 | 0.000 2 | ||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 89.6±5.0bc | 86.9±3.2cd | 94.2±1.9a | 85.5±1.0d | 90.7±0.9abc | 91.2±1.6ab | 87.7±1.9bcd | 80.2±3.0e | 90.3±5.8bc | 89.8±4.2bc | 88.6 | 4.33 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 91.2±4.5b | 89.9±2.2b | 95.5±2.0a | 89.7±3.4b | 92.1±0.7ab | 91.7±1.6ab | 90.3±4.2b | 80.8±3.5c | 91.3±4.7b | 89.5±4.6b | 90.2 | 4.14 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 85.7±6.6abc | 81.2±5.4c | 89.8±1.1a | 87.5±1.5ab | 86.6±3.2abc | 88.0±2.7ab | 84.8±2.0abc | 75.1±1.8d | 84.1±7.3bc | 86.4±6.8abc | 84.9 | 4.91 | 0.000 2 | ||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 92.5±5.6ab | 90.9±3.0b | 96.9±1.6a | 89.6±3.7b | 91.4±1.5b | 90.6±1.1b | 88.5±4.7b | 78.2±4.0c | 90.0±5.6b | 88.1±4.5b | 89.7 | 5.27 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 82.0±8.3bcd | 77.9±1.8d | 88.2±2.8a | 81.2±6.6bcd | 84.2±1.6abc | 83.7±4.6abcd | 78.5±3.1cd | 67.9±3.5e | 82.3±7.8bcd | 85.3±2.9ab | 81.1 | 6.84 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 组氨酸His | 87.3±4.9bc | 87.6±2.1abc | 91.0±1.0a | 85.9±2.9c | 90.2±1.3ab | 88.5±3.1abc | 86.5±1.3bc | 81.2±2.5d | 91.1±4.3a | 86.2±4.5c | 87.6 | 3.38 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 精氨酸Arg | 89.7±5.0ab | 88.6±2.5b | 94.4±1.6a | 87.6±3.9bc | 89.4±2.4b | 86.6±2.4bc | 87.8±4.9bc | 74.6±2.0d | 88.6±7.0b | 83.8±5.0c | 87.1 | 5.88 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 色氨酸Trp | 72.8±5.1cde | 70.3±2.3def | 65.7±11.0f | 69.0±6.0ef | 76.3±3.3cd | 75.6±8.9cde | 78.6±2.6bc | 75.6±3.7cde | 87.9±5.8a | 85.7±5.0ab | 75.8 | 9.22 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 非必需氨基酸NEAA | |||||||||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 84.7±8.3ab | 79.9±1.7b | 89.6±1.7a | 83.9±4.6ab | 83.9±2.4ab | 84.2±3.0ab | 78.3±5.5b | 66.0±3.3c | 80.4±11.5b | 78.6±7.8b | 81.0 | 7.77 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 丝氨酸Ser | 90.5±6.1 | 89.1±2.6 | 87.0±9.6 | 89.3±3.3 | 92.2±1.1 | 92.4±1.4 | 88.5±0.7 | 83.8±0.7 | 89.6±4.5 | 89.8±5.1 | 89.2 | 2.79 | 0.102 6 | ||
| 谷氨酸Glu | 93.9±4.0ab | 93.6±2.0ab | 94.9±2.2a | 95.3±1.8a | 95.9±0.7a | 95.2±0.8a | 92.2±1.5bc | 90.9±1.3c | 95.4±2.5a | 94.1±2.1ab | 94.1 | 1.67 | 0.004 8 | ||
| 甘氨酸Gly | 83.3±6.6abc | 83.3±2.3abc | 83.1±5.8abc | 80.1±3.5cd | 87.0±1.2a | 86.8±1.8ab | 81.7±4.9bc | 75.9±3.4d | 87.1±5.8a | 82.5±4.8abc | 83.1 | 4.19 | 0.001 5 | ||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 85.2±5.5abc | 84.7±2.9abc | 86.9±1.1ab | 78.2±4.0d | 86.8±1.5a | 87.8±2.2a | 80.2±2.3cd | 68.9±3.5e | 83.9±9.4abcd | 81.0±7.2bcd | 82.4 | 6.89 | <0.000 1 | ||
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 85.7±5.9bcd | 82.2±4.1de | 91.9±0.5a | 83.6±4.1cde | 89.6±1.4ab | 88.2±1.5abc | 85.6±5.0bcd | 80.7±2.7e | 87.5±3.4abc | 87.1±4.7bc | 86.2 | 3.96 | 0.000 3 | ||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 90.3±4.2ab | 89.7±0.4ab | 93.7±1.5a | 91.5±2.8ab | 92.8±0.6ab | 92.7±1.5ab | 90.0±4.3ab | 84.2±1.5c | 92.1±4.6ab | 89.1±5.5b | 90.6 | 2.99 | 0.002 6 | ||
| 脯氨酸Pro | 91.3±5.4abc | 90.0±2.1e | 95.1±0.7a | 91.8±1.5cde | 93.4±0.4abc | 93.8±0.5abc | 90.6±0.9de | 89.6±0.6e | 94.1±2.2ab | 92.6±3.6bcd | 92.2 | 2.02 | 0.000 1 | ||
2.3 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对小麦的氨基酸SID与小麦化学成分含量的相关性分析
表6 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对小麦的氨基酸SID与小麦化学成分含量的相关性分析Table 6 Correlation analysis between amino acids SID of wheat for medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers and contents of chemical components in wheat |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM/% | 总能 GE/(MJ/kg) | 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 粗脂肪 EE/% | 粗灰分 Ash/% | 粗纤维 CF/% | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/% | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF/% | 植酸 PA/% | 无氮 浸出物 NFE/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 必需氨基酸SID EAA SID/% | ||||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.242 | 0.264 | 0.610 | -0.512 | -0.181 | 0.177 | 0.096 | -0.021 | -0.587 | 0.078 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.075 | 0.200 | 0.654 | -0.546 | -0.056 | 0.085 | -0.014 | -0.201 | -0.344 | -0.084 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.152 | 0.233 | 0.561 | -0.640 | 0.141 | 0.308 | -0.011 | -0.388 | -0.131 | -0.030 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 0.180 | 0.185 | 0.526 | -0.782* | 0.149 | 0.560 | 0.133 | -0.383 | -0.124 | -0.010 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.423 | 0.431 | 0.363 | -0.652 | 0.140 | 0.545 | 0.152 | -0.227 | -0.106 | 0.266 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.203 | 0.159 | 0.526 | -0.782* | 0.080 | 0.614 | 0.239 | -0.285 | -0.294 | 0.007 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.223 | 0.265 | 0.576 | -0.706* | 0.031 | 0.454 | 0.132 | -0.275 | -0.214 | 0.029 |
| 组氨酸His | -0.155 | -0.043 | 0.732* | -0.711* | -0.024 | 0.278 | 0.018 | -0.411 | -0.110 | -0.349 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.136 | 0.092 | 0.536 | -0.816* | 0.079 | 0.698* | 0.255 | -0.360 | -0.167 | -0.076 |
| 色氨酸Trp | -0.623 | -0.305 | 0.013 | 0.057 | 0.163 | -0.397 | -0.423 | -0.444 | 0.602 | -0.523 |
| 非必需氨基酸SID NEAA SID/% | ||||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 0.300 | 0.270 | 0.477 | -0.750* | 0.057 | 0.584 | 0.230 | -0.207 | -0.329 | 0.129 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | -0.229 | -0.191 | 0.256 | -0.815* | 0.393 | 0.163 | -0.434 | -0.626 | -0.133 | -0.145 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | -0.110 | -0.019 | 0.659 | -0.693* | -0.179 | 0.224 | 0.070 | -0.165 | -0.352 | -0.224 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | -0.352 | -0.202 | 0.534 | -0.742* | 0.241 | 0.031 | -0.347 | -0.607 | -0.057 | -0.379 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | -0.046 | -0.030 | 0.494 | -0.831* | 0.281 | 0.307 | -0.143 | -0.507 | -0.260 | -0.127 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.222 | 0.326 | 0.632 | -0.413 | -0.033 | 0.142 | -0.091 | -0.313 | -0.057 | -0.011 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.138 | 0.191 | 0.562 | -0.751* | 0.072 | 0.432 | 0.081 | -0.317 | -0.118 | -0.026 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 0.176 | 0.376 | 0.599 | -0.366 | -0.148 | 0.081 | 0.085 | -0.109 | -0.235 | -0.015 |
*表示显著相关(P<0.05)。 | |
* mean significant correlation (P<0.05). |
2.4 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对小麦氨基酸SID预测方程的构建
表7 基于不同产地小麦的化学成分含量的中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对小麦氨基酸SID的预测方程Table 7 Predicting equations of amino acids SID of wheat for medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers based on contents of chemical components in wheat from different sources |
| 预测方程 Predicting equations | 决定系数 R2 | 残差标准差 RSD | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 必需氨基酸SID EAA SID | |||
| Val SID=-181.59-5.61DM+10.35CP+9.00NFE | 0.880 | 1.98 | 0.009 7 |
| Met SID=35.16-1.55DM+9.59GE+4.59CP+8.81Ash-19.60PA | 0.986 | 0.58 | 0.005 7 |
| Ile SID=-109.59+6.24GE+7.84CP+13.51Ash | 0.959 | 0.84 | 0.000 7 |
| Leu SID=-46.60+6.47GE+3.42CP-4.37EE+4.48Ash | 0.981 | 0.32 | 0.001 1 |
| Thr SID=-74.96+10.12GE+1.86CP-6.07EE | 0.971 | 0.95 | 0.000 3 |
| Phe SID=-47.92+8.00GE+2.61CP-7.09EE | 0.928 | 1.69 | 0.002 8 |
| Lys SID=-120.98+11.86GE+4.72CP-8.33EE-1.87CF | 0.998 | 0.37 | <0.000 1 |
| His SID=12.47+4.84CP+8.52Ash | 0.842 | 0.94 | 0.003 9 |
| Arg SID=-41.88+7.46GE+2.64CP-7.72EE | 0.922 | 1.55 | 0.003 4 |
| Trp SID=576.65-10.37DM+29.95GE | 0.795 | 0.73 | 0.008 6 |
| 非必需氨基酸SID NEAA SID | |||
| Asp SID=-109.07+12.79GE+2.70CP-9.54EE-18.43PA | 0.999 | 0.29 | <0.000 1 |
| Ser SID=71.53+2.38GE-5.96EE-3.71CF | 0.887 | 1.12 | 0.008 4 |
| Glu SID=83.18+1.04CP-1.51EE | 0.661 | 1.12 | 0.039 1 |
| Gly SID=108.48+0.40DM+9.24GE-7.51EE+2.82Ash-5.65CF-2.48NFE | 0.999 | 0.12 | 0.000 8 |
| Ala SID=95.62-8.77EE | 0.690 | 3.57 | 0.005 5 |
| Cys SID=-101.70+7.67GE+6.53CP+6.63Ash-0.51ADF-0.19NDF | 0.999 | 0.10 | <0.000 1 |
| Tyr SID=4.74+4.85GE+1.73CP-3.79EE | 0.947 | 0.82 | 0.001 3 |
| Pro SID=65.51-1.47DM+8.75GE+2.54CP+4.08Ash-9.60PA | 0.978 | 0.48 | 0.010 7 |
SID:标准回肠消化率 standard ileal digestibility;Val:缬氨酸 valine;Met:蛋氨酸 methionine;Ile:异亮氨酸 isoleucine;Leu:亮氨酸 leucine;Thr:苏氨酸 threonine;Phe:苯丙氨酸 phenylalanine;Lys:赖氨酸 lysine;His:组氨酸 histidine;Arg:精氨酸 arginine;Trp:色氨酸 tryptophan;Asp:天冬氨酸 aspartate;Ser:丝氨酸 serine;Glu:谷氨酸 glutamate;Gly:甘氨酸 glycine;Ala:丙氨酸 alanine;Cys:半胱氨酸 cysteine;Tyr:酪氨酸 tyrosine;Pro:脯氨酸 proline;DM:干物质 dry matter;CP:粗蛋白质 crude protein;NFE:无氮浸出物 nitrogen free extract;GE:总能 gross energy;Ash:粗灰分 crude ash;PA:植酸 phytic acid;EE:粗脂肪 ether extract;CF:粗纤维 crude fiber;ADF:酸性洗涤纤维 acid detergent fiber;NDF:中性洗涤纤维 neutral detergent fiber。下表同 the same as below。 |
2.5 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对小麦氨基酸SID预测方程的预测准确性检验
表8 用小麦样品10检验中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对小麦氨基酸SID预测方程的准确性评价Table 8 Accuracy evaluation of predicting equations of amino acids SID of wheat for medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers used wheat sample 10 for testing % |
| 项目 Items | 实测值±标准差 Measured value± standard deviation | 预测值 Predictive value | 差值 Difference value | 准确性评价 Accuracy evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asp SID | 78.6±7.8 | 81.8 | 3.3 | 准确 |
| Thr SID | 86.4±6.8 | 82.7 | 3.7 | 准确 |
| Ser SID | 89.8±5.1 | 90.5 | 0.7 | 准确 |
| Glu SID | 94.1±2.1 | 92.1 | 2.0 | 准确 |
| Gly SID | 82.5±4.8 | 78.1 | 4.3 | 准确 |
| Ala SID | 81.0±7.2 | 83.1 | 2.0 | 准确 |
| Cys SID | 87.1±4.7 | 82.8 | 4.3 | 准确 |
| Val SID | 89.9±3.8 | 91.7 | 1.7 | 准确 |
| Met SID | 90.9±4.0 | 87.2 | 3.7 | 准确 |
| Ile SID | 89.8±4.2 | 82.3 | 7.5 | 不准确 |
| Leu SID | 89.5±4.6 | 83.2 | 6.3 | 不准确 |
| Tyr SID | 89.1±5.5 | 88.0 | 1.2 | 准确 |
| Phe SID | 88.1±4.5 | 85.6 | 2.6 | 准确 |
| Lys SID | 85.3±2.9 | 85.6 | 0.2 | 准确 |
| His SID | 86.2±4.5 | 75.4 | 10.8 | 不准确 |
| Arg SID | 83.8±5.0 | 83.2 | 0.6 | 准确 |
| Pro SID | 92.6±3.6 | 89.4 | 3.1 | 准确 |
| Trp SID | 85.7±5.0 | 90.5 | 4.8 | 准确 |

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