1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~35日龄 22 to 35 days of age | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 玉米Corn | 51.73 | 57.68 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 40.73 | 35.15 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 3.36 | 3.66 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.92 | 1.33 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.16 | 1.26 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine | 0.26 | 0.13 |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (50%) | 0.25 | 0.20 |
| 复合矿物质Multi-minerals1) | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 复合维生素Multi-vitamins2) | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.22 | 12.56 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 21.36 | 19.28 |
| 钙Ca | 0.98 | 1.03 |
| 总磷TP | 0.67 | 0.64 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.45 | 0.35 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.17 | 1.04 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.90 | 0.72 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.59 | 0.43 |
1)复合矿物质为每千克饲粮提供 The multi-minerals provided the following per kg of diets:Cu 8 mg,Zn 75 mg,Fe 80 mg,Mn 100 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 0.35 mg。 |
1.3 样本采集
1.4 指标检测
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 器官指数
器官指数(g/kg)=器官重(g)/体重(kg)。
1.4.3 血浆生化指标
1.4.4 肠道形态
1.4.5 组织中抗氧化指标
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 HT和PF对肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 羟基酪醇和芍药苷对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of HT and PF on growth performance of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HT | PF | HT+PF | HT | PF | HT×PF | ||
| 平均体重ABW/g | ||||||||
| 21日龄21 days of age | 783.65b | 860.57a | 814.54ab | 811.96ab | 10.242 | 0.054 | 0.631 | 0.041 |
| 35日龄35 days of age | 1 671.48b | 1 791.53a | 1 727.17ab | 1 701.55b | 16.000 | 0.108 | 0.548 | 0.017 |
| 1~21日龄1 to 21 days of age | ||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 35.13b | 38.76a | 36.60ab | 36.44ab | 0.487 | 0.058 | 0.629 | 0.040 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 48.39b | 52.26a | 50.33ab | 49.80ab | 0.554 | 0.115 | 0.798 | 0.042 |
| 料重比F/G | 1.38 | 1.35 | 1.38 | 1.37 | 0.005 | 0.061 | 0.529 | 0.256 |
| 22~35日龄22 to 35 days of age | ||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 63.42 | 66.50 | 65.19 | 63.54 | 0.799 | 0.662 | 0.718 | 0.159 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 127.52 | 132.11 | 127.30 | 123.41 | 1.236 | 0.878 | 0.063 | 0.076 |
| 料重比F/G | 2.02 | 1.99 | 1.96 | 1.95 | 0.018 | 0.632 | 0.173 | 0.830 |
| 1~35日龄1 to 35 days of age | ||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 46.44b | 49.86a | 48.03ab | 47.28b | 0.455 | 0.111 | 0.545 | 0.017 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 80.04b | 84.20a | 81.12ab | 79.24b | 0.728 | 0.395 | 0.156 | 0.033 |
| 料重比F/G | 1.72 | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.68 | 0.008 | 0.124 | 0.111 | 0.475 |
HT:羟基酪醇;PF:芍药苷;HT×PF:羟基酪醇与芍药苷的互作效应。同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
HT: hydroxytyrosol; PF: paeoniflorin; HT×PF: the interaction of hydroxytyrosol and paeoniflorin. In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 HT和PF对肉鸡器官指数的影响
表3 羟基酪醇和芍药苷对肉鸡器官指数的影响Table 3 Effects of HT and PF on organ indices of broilers g/kg |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HT | PF | HT+PF | HT | PF | HT×PF | ||
| 胸腺指数Thymus index | 1.38 | 1.50 | 1.31 | 1.71 | 0.060 | 0.034 | 0.554 | 0.243 |
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 1.00 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 0.86 | 0.039 | 0.385 | 0.314 | 0.072 |
| 法氏囊指数 Bursa of Fabricius index | 2.23 | 1.76 | 1.94 | 1.84 | 0.081 | 0.082 | 0.512 | 0.262 |
| 肝脏指数Liver index | 20.16 | 20.05 | 20.62 | 19.57 | 0.372 | 0.451 | 0.992 | 0.540 |
2.3 HT和PF对肉鸡血浆生化指标的影响
表4 羟基酪醇和芍药苷对肉鸡血浆生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of HT and PF on plasma biochemical indices of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HT | PF | HT+PF | HT | PF | HT×PF | ||
| 总胆红素TB/(μmol/L) | 7.58 | 7.68 | 6.77 | 8.04 | 0.212 | 0.106 | 0.586 | 0.168 |
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 33.38 | 33.04 | 32.76 | 31.31 | 0.574 | 0.451 | 0.321 | 0.637 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 11.68 | 10.92 | 11.21 | 11.34 | 0.117 | 0.168 | 0.907 | 0.056 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 267.33 | 251.33 | 261.42 | 252.90 | 7.036 | 0.402 | 0.881 | 0.797 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 1.42 | 1.13 | 1.00 | 1.17 | 0.987 | 0.761 | 0.365 | 0.270 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 3 611.00a | 2 295.42b | 2 321.58b | 2 863.45b | 149.359 | 0.147 | 0.175 | 0.001 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 3.00 | 2.94 | 2.96 | 3.10 | 0.070 | 0.762 | 0.685 | 0.489 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.019 | 0.683 | 0.219 | 0.639 |
| 钙Ca/(mmol/L) | 4.39 | 4.37 | 4.29 | 4.55 | 0.073 | 0.415 | 0.797 | 0.341 |
| 磷P/(mmol/L) | 1.82 | 1.86 | 1.88 | 1.82 | 0.029 | 0.905 | 0.874 | 0.393 |
| 肌酐CREA/(μmol/L) | 14.39 | 14.24 | 13.13 | 12.51 | 0.300 | 0.504 | 0.012 | 0.691 |
| 高密度脂蛋白 HDL/(mmol/L) | 1.97a | 1.80b | 1.83b | 1.95a | 0.035 | 0.711 | 0.956 | 0.033 |
| 低密度脂蛋白 LDL/(mmol/L) | 0.61 | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.023 | 0.271 | 0.875 | 0.234 |
| 尿酸UA/(μmol/L) | 202.89 | 218.00 | 206.26 | 203.78 | 6.481 | 0.638 | 0.686 | 0.513 |
| γ-谷氨酰转肽酶 GGT/(U/L) | 25.80 | 24.42 | 25.25 | 27.10 | 1.084 | 0.923 | 0.640 | 0.468 |
| 肌酸激酶CK/(U/L) | 6 366.33 | 7 137.58 | 7 563.42 | 6 195.30 | 488.208 | 0.767 | 0.899 | 0.290 |
| 直接胆红素 DB/(μmol/L) | 1.20 | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 0.065 | 0.975 | 0.912 | 0.871 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/L) | 727.45 | 666.21 | 670.13 | 624.80 | 26.299 | 0.325 | 0.361 | 0.882 |
2.4 HT和PF对肉鸡肠道形态的影响
表5 羟基酪醇和芍药苷对肉鸡肠道形态的影响Table 5 Effects of HT and PF on intestinal morphology of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HT | PF | HT+PF | HT | PF | HT×PF | ||
| 十二指肠Duodenum | ||||||||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 961.01 | 988.27 | 1 130.93 | 1 136.44 | 20.792 | 0.647 | <0.001 | 0.761 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 231.25a | 174.59bc | 192.07b | 167.21c | 5.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.032 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值 V/C ratio | 4.24 | 5.75 | 6.00 | 6.94 | 0.162 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.090 |
| 空肠Jejunum | ||||||||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 1 051.26ab | 1 012.95ab | 989.64b | 1 101.71a | 18.946 | 0.325 | 0.716 | 0.048 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 253.33a | 133.03b | 133.80b | 131.88b | 7.748 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值 V/C ratio | 4.32c | 7.54b | 7.54b | 8.49a | 0.264 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 回肠Ileum | ||||||||
| 绒毛高度 Villus height/μm | 683.43 | 771.15 | 876.08 | 824.45 | 21.084 | 0.637 | 0.002 | 0.073 |
| 隐窝深度 Crypt depth/μm | 155.55a | 120.32b | 113.95b | 113.81b | 4.169 | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.014 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值 V/C ratio | 4.51c | 6.52b | 7.86a | 7.43a | 0.219 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
2.5 HT和PF对肉鸡血清和肝脏中抗氧化指标的影响
表6 羟基酪醇和芍药苷对肉仔鸡血清和肝脏中抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of HT and PF on antioxidant indices in serum and liver of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HT | PF | HT+PF | HT | PF | HT×PF | ||
| 血清Serum | ||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/L) | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.020 | 0.159 | 0.569 | 0.933 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 33.60 | 59.86 | 56.38 | 57.75 | 3.899 | 0.120 | 0.105 | 0.168 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 3.98a | 1.79b | 1.77b | 1.68b | 0.161 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 1 650.90 | 1 645.66 | 1 557.91 | 1 084.96 | 67.346 | 0.050 | 0.009 | 0.055 |
| 过氧化氢 H2O2/(mmol/L) | 36.53 | 41.34 | 36.74 | 32.01 | 1.655 | 0.989 | 0.171 | 0.153 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(mmol/L) | 4.22b | 4.54a | 4.39a | 3.54b | 0.137 | 0.304 | 0.112 | 0.028 |
| 肝脏Liver | ||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/mg prot) | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.004 | 0.083 | 0.541 | 0.590 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 387.46 | 386.90 | 413.40 | 442.74 | 12.116 | 0.553 | 0.097 | 0.538 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 23.28 | 21.37 | 21.18 | 23.58 | 0.630 | 0.850 | 0.966 | 0.095 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 199.58 | 185.21 | 196.36 | 161.47 | 3.346 | <0.001 | 0.013 | 0.055 |
| 过氧化氢 H2O2/(mmol/mg prot) | 146.55a | 121.59b | 123.87b | 156.54a | 3.642 | 0.524 | 0.312 | <0.001 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 3.64a | 2.57b | 2.04b | 2.37b | 0.139 | 0.101 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
2.6 HT和PF对肉鸡空肠和胸肌中抗氧化指标的影响
表7 羟基酪醇和芍药苷对肉鸡空肠和胸肌中抗氧化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of HT and PF on antioxidant indices in jejunum and breast muscle of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HT | PF | HT+PF | HT | PF | HT×PF | ||
| 空肠Jejunum | ||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/mg prot) | 0.058 | 0.066 | 0.065 | 0.066 | 0.005 | 0.660 | 0.728 | 0.725 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 52.276 | 51.480 | 49.481 | 49.557 | 1.460 | 0.905 | 0.435 | 0.885 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 7.767 | 7.734 | 6.801 | 7.645 | 0.341 | 0.562 | 0.451 | 0.530 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 5.168 | 6.009 | 5.059 | 5.943 | 0.283 | 0.137 | 0.878 | 0.970 |
| 过氧化氢 H2O2/(mmol/mg prot) | 15.022 | 23.098 | 12.839 | 16.160 | 0.994 | 0.002 | 0.011 | 0.171 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 3.250b | 5.405a | 3.197b | 2.386b | 0.292 | 0.174 | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| 胸肌Breast muscle | ||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/mg prot) | 0.029 | 0.025 | 0.023 | 0.026 | 0.002 | 0.839 | 0.612 | 0.362 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 8.454 | 8.110 | 8.350 | 8.851 | 0.236 | 0.873 | 0.518 | 0.391 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 0.012b | 0.010b | 0.012b | 0.017a | 0.001 | 0.272 | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 2.156a | 0.948b | 1.105b | 2.288a | 0.178 | 0.968 | 0.636 | <0.001 |
| 过氧化氢 H2O2/(mmol/mg prot) | 4.478a | 3.986a | 2.978b | 3.971a | 0.126 | 0.019 | 0.038 | 0.044 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.741a | 0.497b | 0.540b | 0.563b | 0.021 | 0.003 | 0.057 | <0.001 |

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