1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 基础饲粮和饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 57.48 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 23.00 |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 8.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 9.50 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.30 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.10 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.09 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.03 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix2) | 0.20 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 10.67 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.55 |
| 钙Ca | 3.88 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.40 |
| 可消化赖氨酸D-Lys | 0.73 |
| 可消化胱氨酸D-Cys | 0.23 |
| 可消化蛋氨酸D-Met | 0.34 |
1)维生素为每千克饲粮提供 Vitamin premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:VA 9 840 IU,VB1 1.5 mg,VB2 6.6 mg,VB6 2.4 mg,VB12 0.009 mg,VD3 3 750 IU,VE 18 IU,VK3 1.8 mg,生物素 biotin 0.045 mg,烟酸 niacin 30 mg,叶酸 forlic acid 0.6 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 10.5 mg。 | |
2)矿物质预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Mineral premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:Zn 87 mg,Cu 12 mg,Fe 80 mg,Mn 85 mg,I 0.3 mg,Se 0.3 mg。 | |
3)代谢能、有效磷和可消化氨基酸为计算值,粗蛋白质和钙为实测值。ME, AP and digestible amino acids were calculated values, while CP and Ca were measured values. |
1.4 检测指标与方法
1.4.1 生产性能
1.4.2 蛋品质
1.4.3 免疫功能
1.4.4 肠道微生物
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 酵母培养物对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
表2 酵母培养物对蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 2 Effects of yeast culture on performance of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 83.41b | 87.24a | 87.57a | 85.77ab | 0.597 | 0.042 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 61.14 | 60.38 | 60.49 | 60.33 | 0.215 | 0.544 |
| 产蛋量Egg mass/(g/d) | 50.99 | 52.67 | 52.32 | 51.75 | 0.376 | 0.435 |
| 平均日采食量Average daily feed intake/g | 115.83 | 115.74 | 116.93 | 118.03 | 0.489 | 0.295 |
| 料蛋比Feed to egg ratio/% | 2.28 | 2.20 | 2.26 | 2.29 | 0.017 | 0.270 |
| 破畸率Broken egg rate/% | 0.84 | 0.30 | 0.45 | 0.57 | 0.121 | 0.449 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 酵母培养物对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响
表3 酵母培养物对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响Table 3 Effects of yeast culture on egg quality of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||||||||||
| 蛋形指数Egg shape index/% | 1.29 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 0.004 | 0.428 | |||||||
| 蛋壳强度Eggshell strength/(kg/cm2) | 3.96 | 4.09 | 4.06 | 4.30 | 0.092 | 0.668 | |||||||
| 蛋壳比例Eggshell ratio/% | 9.79 | 9.81 | 9.44 | 9.83 | 0.106 | 0.503 | |||||||
| 蛋黄比例Yolk ratio/% | 27.15 | 26.50 | 26.55 | 26.59 | 0.222 | 0.707 | |||||||
| 蛋白比例Albumen ratio/% | 63.06 | 63.67 | 64.01 | 63.61 | 0.232 | 0.534 | |||||||
| 蛋黄颜色Yolk color | 5.56 | 6.22 | 6.39 | 5.95 | 0.159 | 0.280 | |||||||
| 蛋白高度Albumen height/mm | 5.86 | 6.46 | 5.91 | 6.55 | 0.119 | 0.071 | |||||||
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 74.48b | 80.17a | 74.11b | 79.53ab | 1.026 | 0.044 | |||||||
| 蛋壳厚度Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.003 | 0.529 | |||||||
| 亮度L* | 63.52 | 64.20 | 61.49 | 64.74 | 0.491 | 0.087 | |||||||
| 红度a* | 18.79 | 18.24 | 19.82 | 18.03 | 0.354 | 0.287 | |||||||
| 黄度b* | 32.98 | 32.98 | 33.17 | 32.32 | 0.252 | 0.676 | |||||||
2.3 酵母培养物对蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响
表4 酵母培养物对蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响Table 4 Effects of yeast culture on serum immunoglobulin contents of laying hens mg/mL |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 3.59 | 3.90 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 0.188 | 0.955 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 3.61 | 3.67 | 3.77 | 3.51 | 0.092 | 0.793 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 35.03b | 40.59ab | 48.01a | 44.12a | 1.580 | 0.020 |
2.4 酵母培养物对蛋鸡盲肠微生物的影响
2.4.1 盲肠微生物测序质量分析和操作分类单元(OTU)分析
2.4.2 酵母培养物对蛋鸡盲肠微生物Alpha多样性的影响
表5 酵母培养物对蛋鸡盲肠微生物Alpha多样性的影响Table 5 Effects of yeast culture on Alpha diversity of cecal microbiota of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NC | T2 | ||
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 7.16±0.09 | 7.14±0.09 | 0.851 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 0.98±0.00 | 0.98±0.00 | 0.457 |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 1 635.54±39.54 | 1 547.59±53.04 | 0.205 |
| Ace指数Ace index | 1 688.91±39.61 | 1 595.26±53.78 | 0.183 |
2.4.3 酵母培养物对蛋鸡盲肠微生物Beta多样性的影响
2.4.4 酵母培养物对蛋鸡盲肠微生物组成的影响
表6 酵母培养物对蛋鸡盲肠微生物相对丰度的影响(门和属水平)Table 6 Effects of yeast culture on cecal microbiota relative abundances of laying hens (phylum and genus levels) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NC | T2 | ||
| 门水平Phylum level | |||
| 脱硫杆菌门Desulfobacterota | 5.40±0.17a | 4.26±0.16b | <0.001 |
| 属水平Genus level | |||
| 乳杆菌属Lactobacillus | 4.31±0.66b | 8.03±1.28a | 0.022 |
| 脱硫弧菌属Desulfovibrio | 3.35±0.26a | 2.37±0.14b | 0.007 |

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