1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验地点与材料
1.3 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | BH25 | BH50 | BH75 | BH100 | |||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||
| 大麦青干草Barley hay | 10.30 | 20.60 | 30.90 | 41.19 | |||||||
| 羊草Wildrye | 10.21 | 7.66 | 5.10 | 2.55 | |||||||
| 玉米秸秆Corn straw | 30.98 | 23.23 | 15.49 | 7.75 | |||||||
| 628FS1) | 31.68 | 32.47 | 33.26 | 34.05 | 34.84 | ||||||
| V81) | 6.79 | 6.54 | 6.29 | 6.04 | 5.79 | ||||||
| 玉米青贮Corn silage | 19.32 | 18.78 | 18.24 | 17.69 | 17.16 | ||||||
| 石粉Limestone | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | ||||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | ||||||
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | ||||||
| 预混料Premix2) | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | ||||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |||||||||||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 14.91 | 14.86 | 14.56 | 14.37 | 14.34 | ||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 13.62 | 13.79 | 14.05 | 14.21 | 14.67 | ||||||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 23.86 | 24.43 | 26.01 | 26.58 | 27.15 | ||||||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 43.87 | 45.24 | 46.61 | 47.98 | 49.35 | ||||||
| 钙Ca | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.24 | ||||||
| 磷P | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.57 | ||||||
1)628FS和V8为羊场自制的微生态商品饲料。628FS and V8 are microbial feeds produced by the sheep farm. | |
2)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provide the following per kg of diets:VA 3 100 IU,VD3 1 300 IU,VE 22 IU,Fe 24 mg,Cu 8 mg,Co 0.1 mg,Mn 30 mg,Se 0.35 mg,Zn 30 mg,I 0.45 mg。 | |
3)消化能为计算值[9],其他营养水平为实测值。DE is a calculated value[9], while the other nutrient levels are measured values. |
表2 饲粮中干草的营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Nutrient levels of hay in diet (DM basis) % |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels | 大麦青干草Barley hay | 玉米秸秆Corn straw | 羊草Wildrye |
|---|---|---|---|
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 12.77 | 13.31 | 13.88 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 8.50 | 4.20 | 8.44 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 34.30 | 24.93 | 29.07 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 54.78 | 60.01 | 57.69 |
| 钙Ca | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.35 |
| 磷P | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
营养水平为实测值。 | |
Nutrient levels are measured values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 测定指标与方法
1.5.1 营养成分
1.5.2 生长性能
1.5.3 屠宰性能与器官指数
1.5.4 肉品质
1.6 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 大麦青干草对肉羊生长性能的影响
表3 大麦青干草对肉羊生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of barley hay on growth performance of mutton sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | BH25 | BH50 | BH75 | BH100 | |||
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 33.18 | 36.51 | 34.93 | 34.76 | 33.99 | 0.851 | 0.108 |
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 47.16 | 48.93 | 51.23 | 50.03 | 49.74 | 1.233 | 0.234 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 233.06 | 207.09 | 271.67 | 254.45 | 262.50 | 24.649 | 0.374 |
| 干物质采食量DMI/(kg/d) | 1.45 | 1.53 | 1.54 | 1.47 | 1.51 | 0.049 | 0.344 |
| 料重比F/G | 6.21b | 7.42a | 5.66c | 5.75c | 5.72c | 2.510 | 0.001 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 大麦青干草对肉羊屠宰性能及器官指数的影响
表4 大麦青干草对肉羊屠宰性能及器官指数的影响Table 4 Effects of barley hay on slaughter performance and organ indices of mutton sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | BH25 | BH50 | BH75 | BH100 | |||
| 宰前活重Live weight before slaughter/kg | 47.16 | 48.93 | 51.23 | 50.03 | 49.74 | 1.233 | 0.234 |
| 胴体重Carcass weight/kg | 24.03 | 25.78 | 25.14 | 24.93 | 24.68 | 0.676 | 0.485 |
| 屠宰率Slaughter rate/% | 51.00 | 52.79 | 49.14 | 50.29 | 49.65 | 1.808 | 0.655 |
| 眼肌面积Loin eye area/cm2 | 15.27b | 16.28b | 19.55ab | 21.81a | 18.29ab | 1.093 | 0.002 |
| GR值GR value/cm | 5.99 | 6.25 | 6.24 | 6.58 | 6.14 | 0.159 | 0.154 |
| 心脏指数Cardiac index/% | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.019 | 0.869 |
| 肝脏指数Liver index/% | 2.04 | 1.86 | 1.98 | 1.85 | 1.89 | 0.092 | 0.520 |
| 脾脏指数Spleen index/% | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.010 | 0.496 |
| 肺脏指数Lung index/% | 1.30 | 1.37 | 1.34 | 1.41 | 1.23 | 0.083 | 0.608 |
| 肾脏指数Kidney index/% | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.013 | 0.592 |
2.3 大麦青干草对肉羊肉品质的影响
表5 大麦青干草对肉羊肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of barley hay on meat quality of mutton sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | BH25 | BH50 | BH75 | BH100 | |||
| 熟肉率Cooked meat rate/% | 63.03b | 65.73ab | 66.50a | 63.92ab | 64.71ab | 0.864 | 0.048 |
| 失水率Pressing loss/% | 8.59 | 7.89 | 9.34 | 10.79 | 10.45 | 1.923 | 0.804 |
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 3.77 | 3.68 | 3.35 | 2.17 | 3.32 | 0.474 | 0.137 |
| 剪切力Shear force/kgf | 6.92 | 6.99 | 7.30 | 6.83 | 6.48 | 0.566 | 0.893 |
| pH45 min | 6.86 | 6.95 | 6.91 | 6.60 | 6.97 | 0.143 | 0.380 |
| pH24 h | 5.66 | 5.72 | 5.81 | 5.69 | 5.75 | 0.058 | 0.382 |
| 亮度L* | 34.58 | 32.54 | 33.05 | 35.81 | 34.17 | 1.098 | 0.247 |
| 红度a* | 8.87b | 12.38ab | 12.38ab | 10.24ab | 13.28a | 0.965 | 0.010 |
| 黄度b* | 6.01 | 4.13 | 4.91 | 4.33 | 4.09 | 0.558 | 0.091 |
| 水分Moisture/% | 70.69 | 72.04 | 71.55 | 72.59 | 72.07 | 0.735 | 0.450 |
| 粗灰分Ash/% | 1.37 | 1.22 | 1.13 | 1.21 | 1.33 | 0.074 | 0.183 |
| 粗脂肪EE/% | 2.77 | 3.26 | 3.43 | 2.68 | 3.92 | 0.321 | 0.069 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% | 23.92 | 24.32 | 24.00 | 23.10 | 24.21 | 0.758 | 0.805 |
2.4 大麦青干草对肉羊肌肉氨基酸含量的影响
表6 大麦青干草对肉羊肌肉水解氨基酸含量的影响Table 6 Effects of barley hay on contents of hydrolyzed amino acids in muscle of mutton sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | BH25 | BH50 | BH75 | BH100 | |||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 5.73 | 6.06 | 5.34 | 5.98 | 5.63 | 0.392 | 0.706 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 3.01 | 3.14 | 2.93 | 3.14 | 2.96 | 0.201 | 0.918 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 2.53 | 2.64 | 2.46 | 2.64 | 2.50 | 0.170 | 0.912 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 9.58 | 9.97 | 9.33 | 9.97 | 9.40 | 0.640 | 0.920 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 2.65 | 2.82 | 2.55 | 2.79 | 2.65 | 0.192 | 0.847 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 3.60 | 3.78 | 3.51 | 3.77 | 3.57 | 0.243 | 0.902 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.57 | 0.51 | 0.049 | 0.664 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 2.72 | 2.85 | 2.62 | 2.86 | 2.71 | 0.185 | 0.866 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 1.45 | 1.57 | 1.41 | 1.47 | 1.51 | 0.140 | 0.939 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 2.63 | 2.75 | 2.50 | 2.73 | 2.60 | 0.181 | 0.859 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 4.98 | 5.24 | 4.81 | 5.22 | 5.00 | 0.343 | 0.883 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 2.10 | 2.19 | 2.03 | 2.20 | 2.09 | 0.147 | 0.907 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 2.96 | 3.18 | 2.85 | 3.11 | 2.95 | 0.199 | 0.773 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 5.60 | 5.91 | 5.39 | 5.78 | 5.53 | 0.382 | 0.885 |
| 组氨酸His | 2.26 | 2.46 | 2.26 | 2.55 | 2.38 | 0.166 | 0.702 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 3.90 | 4.17 | 3.83 | 4.11 | 3.90 | 0.258 | 0.874 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 2.45 | 2.49 | 2.53 | 2.66 | 2.30 | 0.203 | 0.787 |
| 必需氨基酸EAA | 25.60 | 27.09 | 24.78 | 26.85 | 25.57 | 1.767 | 0.875 |
| 总氨基酸TAA | 58.72 | 61.79 | 56.84 | 61.54 | 58.10 | 3.969 | 0.875 |
表7 大麦青干草对肉羊肌肉游离氨基酸含量的影响Table 7 Effects of barley hay on contents of free amino acids in muscle of mutton sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | BH25 | BH50 | BH75 | BH100 | |||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 3.78 | 4.49 | 3.57 | 3.68 | 4.74 | 0.732 | 0.721 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 247.91 | 224.74 | 237.50 | 251.01 | 232.29 | 25.057 | 0.942 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 28.39 | 29.31 | 31.11 | 27.99 | 29.89 | 2.728 | 0.932 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 41.13b | 52.57ab | 45.55b | 43.27b | 69.45a | 5.960 | 0.017 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 103.02 | 105.97 | 118.55 | 101.14 | 104.27 | 8.865 | 0.660 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 248.15 | 234.84 | 254.58 | 242.01 | 246.82 | 12.047 | 0.825 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 21.21 | 20.05 | 21.58 | 19.47 | 20.31 | 1.350 | 0.803 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 11.72 | 11.96 | 11.82 | 10.09 | 12.26 | 1.059 | 0.637 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 16.88 | 15.34 | 16.70 | 15.74 | 15.07 | 1.276 | 0.804 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 31.73 | 29.81 | 31.48 | 30.11 | 30.87 | 1.684 | 0.909 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 18.91 | 19.22 | 19.09 | 19.57 | 20.16 | 1.371 | 0.970 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 50.27 | 53.47 | 56.44 | 52.48 | 50.62 | 3.414 | 0.712 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 251.22 | 248.46 | 255.80 | 245.51 | 249.33 | 12.934 | 0.999 |
| 组氨酸His | 33.09 | 35.07 | 34.03 | 32.30 | 32.91 | 2.992 | 0.969 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 44.97 | 45.41 | 47.54 | 40.86 | 45.28 | 3.325 | 0.711 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 18.60 | 21.34 | 17.31 | 15.72 | 17.67 | 2.469 | 0.595 |
| 必需氨基酸EAA | 664.02 | 638.88 | 657.01 | 656.71 | 643.65 | 31.547 | 0.978 |
| 总氨基酸TAA | 1 170.97 | 1 152.04 | 1 194.31 | 1 150.95 | 1 181.92 | 48.344 | 0.960 |
2.5 大麦青干草对肉羊肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响
表8 大麦青干草对肉羊肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响Table 8 Effects of barley hay on contents of fatty acids in muscle of mutton sheep mg/g |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | BH25 | BH50 | BH75 | BH100 | |||
| C6∶0 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.014 | 0.542 |
| C8∶0 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.058 | 0.657 |
| C10∶0 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.007 | 0.233 |
| C12∶0 | 0.08b | 0.10b | 0.12b | 0.17a | 0.11b | 0.013 | 0.007 |
| C14∶0 | 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.080 | 0.869 |
| C16∶0 | 4.48 | 5.33 | 5.44 | 5.08 | 5.27 | 0.534 | 0.730 |
| C17∶0 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.012 | 0.209 |
| C18∶0 | 2.69 | 3.18 | 3.16 | 3.04 | 3.26 | 0.423 | 0.890 |
| C20∶0 | 0.53 | 0.65 | 0.78 | 1.03 | 0.75 | 0.221 | 0.591 |
| C21∶0 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.009 | 0.905 |
| ∑SFAs | 9.08 | 10.74 | 10.85 | 10.63 | 10.65 | 0.892 | 0.612 |
| C15∶1 | 0.14b | 0.20a | 0.17ab | 0.17ab | 0.15ab | 0.014 | 0.038 |
| C16∶1 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.54 | 0.014 | 0.278 |
| C17∶1 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.48 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.049 | 0.137 |
| C18∶1n9t | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.47 | 0.046 | 0.818 |
| C18∶1n9c | 7.86 | 8.09 | 8.59 | 7.93 | 8.01 | 0.823 | 0.972 |
| ∑MUFAs | 9.39 | 9.90 | 10.30 | 9.66 | 9.62 | 0.876 | 0.958 |
| C18∶2n6t | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.002 | 0.895 |
| C18∶2n6c | 2.52 | 2.94 | 3.27 | 2.77 | 2.80 | 0.300 | 0.508 |
| C18∶3n6 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 0.668 |
| C18∶3n3 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.004 | 1.000 |
| C20∶4 | 1.78b | 2.70a | 1.84ab | 2.30ab | 2.58ab | 0.211 | 0.013 |
| ∑n-6PUFAs | 2.57 | 3.00 | 3.33 | 2.83 | 2.85 | 0.300 | 0.506 |
| ∑n-3PUFAs | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.005 | 0.884 |
| ∑PUFAs | 4.53 | 5.87 | 5.35 | 5.31 | 5.61 | 0.338 | 0.094 |
| ∑PUFAs:∑SFAs | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.692 |
| n-6∶n-3 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.034 | 0.664 |
SFAs:饱和脂肪酸 saturated fatty acids;MUFAs:单不饱和脂肪酸 monounsaturated fatty acids;PUFAs:多不饱和脂肪酸 polyunsaturated fatty acids。 |

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