1 材料与方法
1.1 试验饲料
表1 试验饲料组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 饲料Diets | |
|---|---|---|
| G0 | G70 | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 3.00 | 8.90 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 30.00 | 8.00 |
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 30.00 | |
| 磷脂Phosphatide | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 2.00 | 1.10 |
| 面粉Flour | 5.00 | |
| α-淀粉α-starch | 15.00 | |
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix2) | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 微晶纤维素 Microcrystalline cellulose | 9.64 | 6.94 |
| 蚕豆粉Faba bean meal | 70.00 | |
| 晶体蛋氨酸Crystal methionine | 0.27 | 0.30 |
| 晶体赖氨酸Crystal lysine | 0.39 | 0.06 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 27.85 | 27.86 |
| 粗脂肪Crude lipid | 5.03 | 5.04 |
| 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.54 | 0.54 |
| 赖氨酸Lysine | 2.08 | 2.09 |
1)每千克矿物质预混料含有 One kilogram of mineral premix contained the following:MgSO4·H2O 12 g,Ca(IO3)2 230 g,Met-Cu 1.5 g,Met-Co 0.25 g,KCl 36 g,FeSO4·H2O 1 g,Na2SeO3 0.05 g,ZnSO4·H2O 10 g,MnSO4·H2O 1.9 g。 | |
2)每千克维生素预混料含有 One kilogram of vitamin premix contained the following:叶酸 folic acid 1.28 g,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 16 g,烟酸 nicotinic acid 28 g,肌醇 inositol 40 g,生物素 biotin 64 mg,VB12 16 mg,VB1 4 g,VK 4 g,VB6 4.8 g,VB2 8 g,VE 16 g,VA 3 200 000 IU,VD3 1 600 000 IU。 | |
3)粗蛋白质(GB/T 6432—2018)、粗脂肪(GB/T 6433—2006)和氨基酸(GB/T 18246—2019)均为参考国标方法所得实测值。Crude protein (GB/T 6432—2018), crude lipid (GB/T 6433—2006) and amino acids (GB/T 18246—2019) were measured values according to the national standard methods。 |
1.2 饲养试验
1.3 样品采集
1.4 肌肉中挥发性风味物质的提取与测定
1.5 数据分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 吉富罗非鱼肌肉中挥发性风味物质分析
图1 吉富罗非鱼肌肉中风味物质鉴定数目统计Figure A:吉富罗非鱼肌肉中挥发性风味物质统计;图B:吉富罗非鱼肌肉中挥发性风味物质韦恩图。 Fig.1 Statistics on identification number of volatile flavor substances in muscle of GIFT 图A: statistics of volatile flavor substances in muscle of in GIFT; figure B: Venn diagram of volatile flavor substances in muscle of in GIFT. |
2.2 吉富罗非鱼肌肉中挥发性风味物质的OPLS-DA
图2 吉富罗非鱼肌肉中挥发性风味物质的正交偏最小二乘-判别分析Fig.2 OPLS-DA of volatile flavor substances in muscle of GIFT |
表2 吉富罗非鱼肌肉中挥发性风味物质的差异分析Table 2 Difference analysis of volatile flavor substances in muscle of GIFT % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |
|---|---|---|
| G0 | G70 | |
| (Z)-6-十一烯-2-酮C11H20O | 0.226±0.061b | 0.035±0.006a |
| 1-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O | 0.712±0.092b | 0.330±0.019a |
| 1-甲基吡咯C5H7N | 0.293±0.010b | 0.017±0.002a |
| 5-甲基-2-己酮C7H14O | 0.205±0.035b | 0.031±0.004a |
| 2-羟基-3-戊酮C5H10O2 | 0.131±0.006b | 0.051±0.001a |
| 6-甲基-2,4-庚二酮C8H14O2 | 0.019±0.002a | 0.044±0.003b |
| 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮C8H14O | 0.061±0.003b | 0.001±0.000a |
| 苯乙酸乙酯C10H12O2 | 0.539±0.023b | 0.184±0.011a |
| 异戊酸乙酯C7H14O2 | 0.747±0.098a | 1.811±0.077b |
| 1-巯基-2-丙酮C3H6OS | 0.009±0.009a | 0.209±0.021b |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.3 吉富罗非鱼肌肉中挥发性风味物质差异分析
图3 吉富罗非鱼肌肉中挥发性风味物质差异分析图A:吉富罗非鱼肌肉中差异挥发性风味物质含量热图;图B:吉富罗非鱼肌肉中风味物质种类的相对含量。G0-1、G0-2和G0-3为G0组的3个样本,G70-1、G70-2和G70-3为G70组的3个样本。 Fig.3 Difference analysis of volatile flavor substances in muscle of GIFT Figure A: heat map of differential volatile flavor substance contents in muscle of GIFT; figure B: relative contents of f volatile flavor substance types in muscle of GIFT. G0-1, G0-2 and G0-3 were three samples from G0 group, and G70-1, G70-2 and G70-3 were three samples from G70 group. |
表3 吉富罗非鱼肌肉中不同种类挥发性风味物质相对含量比较Table 3 Comparison of relative contents of different categories of volatile flavor substances in muscle of GIFT % |
| 组别 Groups | 醇类 Alcohols | 醛类 Aldehydes | 羧酸类 Carboxylic acids | 酯类 Esters | 杂环化合物 Heterocyclic compounds | 烃类 Hydrocarbons | 酮类 Ketones | 其他 Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | 32.97 | 1.11 | 1.32 | 6.96 | 4.29 | 5.42 | 10.82 | 37.09 |
| G70 | 40.52 | 1.53 | 2.06 | 13.98 | 2.40 | 5.06 | 7.41 | 27.04 |
2.4 主要挥发性风味物质阈值分析及感官风味特征分析
表4 吉富罗非鱼肌肉中挥发性风味物质阈值的相对气味活度值分析Table 4 ROAV analysis of volatile flavor substances in muscle of GIFT |
| 挥发性风味物质 Volatile flavor substances | 气味阈值 Threshold odor/(μg/L) | 气味特征 Odor characteristic | 相对气味活度值ROVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0组G0 group | G70组G70 group | |||
| 2,3-丁二酮C4H6O2 | 0.002 | 黄油味 | 94.21 | 76.56 |
| 2-甲基丁醛C5H10O | 0.001 | 可可味、杏仁味 | 70.08 | 100.00 |
| 2-十一烷C11H24 | 0.004 | 橙子味、鲜味 | 4.16 | 0.87 |
| 2-戊基呋喃C9H14O | 0.006 | 绿豆味、蔬菜味 | 1.48 | 1.37 |

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