1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物与饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米秸秆Corn straw | 20.00 |
| 玉米Corn | 32.00 |
| 糖蜜Molasses | 4.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 6.00 |
| 棉粕Cotton meal | 8.00 |
| 玉米皮Corn bran | 15.30 |
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 11.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.20 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 2.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 9.93 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 13.74 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.74 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 35.99 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 20.34 |
| 钙Ca | 0.71 |
| 总磷TP | 0.31 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 250 000 IU,VE 375 IU,VD 100 000 IU,Fe 750 mg,Cu 800 mg,Zn 750 mg,Mn 750 mg,Se 25 mg,I 50 mg,Co 10 mg。 | |
2)代谢能根据NY/T 816—2021计算,其余为实测值。ME was calculated according to NY/T 816—2021, while the others were measured values. |
1.2 试验设计
1.3 样品采集
1.4 肠道微生物16S rRNA扩增子测序和分析
1.5 血浆代谢物检测和分析
1.6 显著差异菌属、显著差异代谢物和ADG相关性分析
1.7 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 高、低ADG滩羊生长性能分析
表2 高、低ADG滩羊生长性能分析Table 2 Analysis of growth performance of high and low ADG Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HADG | LADG | ||
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 31.48±3.88 | 31.20±3.19 | 0.904 |
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 49.24±4.06a | 42.08±3.56b | 0.018 |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 362.46±8.85A | 222.06±14.90B | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/kg | 1.61±0.11A | 1.33±0.14B | 0.008 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。表4同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01), while with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as Table 4. |
2.2 滩羊菌群测序量及序列长度
表3 滩羊盲肠、直肠微生物测序数据统计Table 3 Statistics on microbial sequencing data of cecum and rectum of Tan sheep |
| 项目 Items | Reads数量 Reads number/bp | |
|---|---|---|
盲肠Cecum | 原始reads Raw reads | 1 885 780 |
| 优化reads Clean reads | 683 145 | |
| 序列平均长度Average length of sequences | 412 | |
直肠Rectum | 原始reads Raw reads | 2 196 044 |
| 优化reads Clean reads | 734 675 | |
| 序列平均长度Average length of sequences | 413 |
2.3 高、低ADG滩羊肠道微生物群落变化
表4 盲肠和直肠Alpha多样性指数Table 4 Alpha diversity indexes in cecum and rectum |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HADG | LADG | |||
盲肠Cecum | Shannon指数Shannon index | 5.34±0.11 | 5.29±0.22 | 0.671 |
| Ace指数Ace index | 1 196.26±92.10 | 1 163.79±97.09 | 0.602 | |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 1 177.57±83.29 | 1 128.17±95.41 | 0.409 | |
直肠Rectum | Shannon指数Shannon index | 5.17±0.16 | 5.25±0.17 | 0.460 |
| Ace指数Ace index | 1 111.90±84.03 | 1 107.47±81.09 | 0.934 | |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 1 111.62±68.89 | 1 079.51±80.72 | 0.518 | |
图3 高、低ADG滩羊盲肠和直肠门水平和属水平上的微生物组成Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidetes:拟杆菌门;Actinobacteria:放线菌门;Spirochaetota:螺旋体菌门;Verrucomicrobiota:疣微菌门;unclassified_k_norank_d Bacteria:未知细菌菌门;Fibrobacterota:纤维杆菌门;Desulfobacterota:脱硫杆菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝细菌门;Christensenellaceae R-7_group:克里斯滕森氏菌科R-7群;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Bacteroides:拟杆菌属;Treponema:密螺旋体属;Fibrobacter:丝状杆菌属;Prevotella:普雷沃氏菌属;Ruminococcus:瘤胃球菌属;Others:其他。 Fig.3 Microbial composition in cecum and rectum at phylum level and genus level of high and low ADG Tan sheep |
图4 高、低ADG滩羊盲肠(A)和直肠(B)微生物差异菌属Desulfovibrio:脱硫弧菌属;Colidextribacter:大肠杆菌属;Caproiciproducens:产己酸菌属;Faecalibacterium:普拉梭菌属;Enterorhabdus:肠杆菌属;Alloprevotella:拟普雷沃氏菌属;Anaeroplasma:厌氧支原体属;Faecalitalea:普拉梭菌属;Paludicola:沼泽微杆菌属。 Fig.4 Differential microbial bacterial genus in cecum (A) and rectum (B) of high and low ADG Tan sheep |
2.4 高、低ADG滩羊血浆代谢组学分析
图6 ROC曲线筛选出的高、低ADG滩羊血浆差异代谢物Fig.6 Differential metabolites in plasma screened by ROC curve of high and low ADG Tan sheep |
表5 高、低ADG滩羊血浆差异代谢物Table 5 Differential metabolites in plasma of high and low ADG Tan sheep |
| 差异代谢物 Differential metabolites | 类别 Class | 变量投影重要程度 VIP | P值 P-value | 差异倍数 FC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C20硫苷C20 sulfatide | 脂类化合物类Lipid compounds | 1.48 | 0.016 | 0.46 |
| 棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid | 不饱和脂肪酸类Unsaturated fatty acids | 2.26 | 0.011 | 0.62 |
| L-乳酸L-lactic acid | 有机酸类Organic acid | 1.92 | 0.023 | 0.64 |
| 氢化肉桂酸Hydrocinnamic acid | 酚酸类化合物类Phenolic acid compounds | 1.88 | 0.044 | 1.67 |
| L-赖氨酸L-lysine | 氨基酸类Amino acid | 1.90 | 0.025 | 1.72 |
图7 高、低ADG滩羊血浆差异代谢物的代谢通路Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis:糖酵解/糖异生;Phenylalanine metabolism:苯丙氨酸代谢;Lysine biosynthesis:赖氨酸生物合成;Olfactory transduction:嗅觉转导;Caffeine metabolism:咖啡因代谢;2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism:2-氧代羧酸代谢;Biosynthesis of amino acids:氨基酸的生物合成;Phototransduction:光传导;Lysosome:溶酶体;cGMP-PKG signaling pathway:环磷酸鸟苷-蛋白激酶G信号通路;Arachidonic acid metabolism:花生四烯酸代谢;Tryptophan metabolism:色氨酸代谢;Fructose and mannose metabolism:果糖和甘露糖代谢;Renin secretion:肾素分泌;Serotonergic synapse:血清素能突触;Lysine degradation:赖氨酸降解;Glucagon signaling pathway:胰高血糖素信号通路;Central carbon metabolism in cancer:癌症的中心碳代谢;Biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars:核苷酸糖的生物合成;Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism:氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢。 Fig.7 Metabolic pathways of plasma differential metabolites of high and low ADG Tan sheep |

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