热应激是指动物机体为应对高温环境而产生的一系列非特异性应答反应,会导致摄食量下降,进而引起疾病和生产性能下降等。动物的摄食行为受到中枢神经系统(CNS)的调控,CNS整合食欲和应激等信号,通过下丘脑弓状核、视前区、室旁核等关键核团,改变食欲相关神经肽表达与神经投射激活程度,进而调控动物摄食行为。热应激影响动物食欲的机制涉及CNS的复杂调控网络,主要是通过激活特定的神经环路和调节神经递质的释放,影响动物的摄食行为和食物偏好。本文综述了热应激下CNS调控摄食的分子机制与神经环路进展,重点探讨下丘脑及其关联核团的投射关系,为揭示热应激影响动物食欲的生物学基础及抗应激措施的开发提供参考。

Heat stress refers to a series of non-specific physiological responses triggered by animals to cope with high-temperature environments, leading to reduced feed intake, subsequent disease susceptibility, and compromised production performance. Feeding behavior in animals is regulated by the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates appetite-regulating signals and stress stimuli through key hypothalamic nuclei including the arcuate nucleus (ARC), preoptic area (POA), and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). This integration modulates the expression of appetite-related neuropeptides and the activation of neural projections, ultimately governing feeding behavior. The mechanisms underlying heat stress-induced appetite alterations involve complex CNS regulatory networks, primarily mediated by specific neural circuit activation and neurotransmitter dynamics that influence feeding patterns and dietary preferences. This review summarized recent research progress in molecular mechanisms and neural circuitry of CNS-mediated appetite regulation under heat stress, with a focus on hypothalamic nuclei projections and their functional connectivity. It aims to provide references for elucidating the biological basis of heat stress-induced appetite alterations in animals and developing anti-stress interventions.