1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 组织中锰含量测定
1.4.3 回肠微生物多样性
1.5 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同添加形式与添加剂量的锰对肉鸡生长性能的影响
表1 不同添加形式与添加剂量的锰对肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 1 Effects of different adding forms and adding dosages of manganese on growth performance of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 8~28日龄8 to 28 days of age | 29~49日龄29 to 49 days of age | 8~49日龄8 to 49 days of age | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始 体重 IBW/g | 终末 体重 FBW/g | 平均 日增重 ADG/g | 平均日 采食量 ADFI/g | 料重比 F/G | 初始 体重 FBW/g | 平均 日增重 ADG/g | 平均日 采食量 ADFI/g | 料重比 F/G | 平均 日增重 ADG/g | 平均日 采食量 ADFI/g | 料重比 F/G | 死亡率 MR/% | |||||
组别 Groups | 36 mg/kg MS | 179.9 ±0.2 | 1 293.8 ±65.4 | 52.4 ±2.7 | 79.1 ±0.0 | 1.51 ±0.09 | 2 367.1 ±253.4 | 68.4 ±6.9 | 144.9 ±5.6 | 2.18 ±0.23 | 59.1 ±6.9 | 113.5 ±2.8ab | 1.81 ±0.06 | 15.8 ±13.9 | |||
| 54 mg/kg MS | 180.0 ±0.0 | 1 291.2 ±71.3 | 51.4 ±2.1 | 79.8 ±1.0 | 1.52 ±0.07 | 2 480.8 ±230.5 | 71.6 ±9.0 | 147.3 ±7.3 | 2.02 ±0.30 | 62.2 ±6.2 | 113.0 ±3.9ab | 1.90 ±0.12 | 10.8 ±10.7 | ||||
| 36 mg/kg CMS | 180.0 ±0.0 | 1 270.7 ±73.6 | 53.8 ±1.6 | 79.9 ±0.4 | 1.48 ±0.03 | 2 493.8 ±215.3 | 72.5 ±5.9 | 137.2 ±5.9 | 1.83 ±0.14 | 63.9 ±3.4 | 110.7 ±1.9b | 1.78 ±0.03 | 6.6 ±9.8 | ||||
| 54 mg/kg CMS | 180.0 ±0.2 | 1 305.5 ±51.9 | 54.3 ±1.7 | 79.8 ±0.0 | 1.45 ±0.02 | 2 491.7 ±246.6 | 76.8 ±5.2 | 145.2 ±3.4 | 1.92 ±0.10 | 65.7 ±3.4 | 116.0 ±2.0a | 1.80 ±0.05 | 14.2 ±5.8 | ||||
添加形式 Adding forms | MS | 179.9 ±0.1 | 1 292.5 ±65.2 | 51.9 ±2.4 | 79.4 ±0.8 | 1.51 ±0.08 | 2 423.9 ±238.5 | 69.9 ±7.8 | 146.1 ±6.3 | 2.10 ±0.27 | 60.7 ±6.5 | 113.3 ±3.4 | 1.85 ±0.10 | 13.3 ±12.1 | |||
| CMS | 180.0 ±0.1 | 1 288.1 ±63.4 | 54.0 ±1.6 | 79.8 ±0.0 | 1.47 ±0.03 | 2 417.8 ±280.6 | 74.7 ±5.8 | 141.2 ±6.2 | 1.87 ±0.12 | 64.8 ±3.4 | 113.4 ±3.4 | 1.79 ±0.04 | 10.4 ±8.6 | ||||
添加剂量 Adding doses/ (mg/kg) | 36 | 180.0 ±0.1 | 1 282.2 ±67.5 | 53.1 ±2.2 | 79.9 ±0.3 | 1.49 ±0.07 | 2 372.1 ±255.7 | 70.4 ±6.5 | 141.0 ±6.8 | 2.00 ±0.26 | 61.5 ±5.7 | 112.1 ±2.7 | 1.84 ±0.10 | 11.3 ±12.3 | |||
| 54 | 180.0 ±0.1 | 1 298.4 ±59.9 | 52.9 ±2.4 | 79.4 ±0.8 | 1.49 ±0.06 | 2 469.6 ±255.0 | 74.2 ±7.5 | 146.3 ±5.5 | 1.97 ±0.22 | 63.9 ±5.1 | 114.5 ±3.4 | 1.81 ±0.06 | 12.5 ±8.4 | ||||
P值 P-value | 添加形式 Adding form | 0.123 | 0.872 | 0.021 | 0.070 | 0.068 | 0.485 | 0.112 | 0.049 | 0.014 | 0.066 | 0.938 | 0.049 | 0.503 | |||
| 添加剂量 Adding dose | 0.194 | 0.566 | 0.795 | 0.070 | 0.829 | 0.570 | 0.193 | 0.037 | 0.667 | 0.261 | 0.048 | 0.290 | 0.773 | ||||
| 交互作用 Interaction | 1.000 | 0.497 | 0.377 | 0.316 | 0.426 | 0.556 | 0.836 | 0.252 | 0.143 | 0.777 | 0.020 | 0.065 | 0.160 | ||||
MS:硫酸锰;CMS:包被硫酸锰。同列数据肩标相邻小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相隔小写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
MS: manganese sulfate; CMS: coated with manganese sulfate. Data in the same column with adjacent small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with separated small letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01), while with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同添加形式与添加剂量的锰对肉鸡组织中锰沉积的影响
表2 不同添加形式与添加剂量的锰对肉鸡组织中锰沉积的影响Table 2 Effects of different adding forms and adding doses of manganese on manganese deposition in tissues of broilers mg/kg |
| 项目 Items | 锰含量Manganese content | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 胫骨Tibia | 胸肌Pectoral muscle | 肝脏Liver | ||
组别 Groups | 36 mg/kg MS | 4.82±0.11 | 0.53±0.09 | 15.01±0.34 |
| 54 mg/kg MS | 5.06±0.54 | 0.59±0.01 | 15.93±0.75 | |
| 36 mg/kg CMS | 5.32±0.18 | 0.63±0.07 | 16.00±0.72 | |
| 54 mg/kg CMS | 5.70±0.26 | 0.65±0.07 | 16.23±0.32 | |
添加形式 Adding forms | MS | 4.94±0.37 | 0.56±0.06 | 15.47±0.72 |
| CMS | 5.51±0.28 | 0.64±0.06 | 16.11±0.54 | |
添加剂量 Adding doses/(mg/kg) | 36 | 5.07±0.30 | 0.58±0.09 | 15.51±0.73 |
| 54 | 5.37±0.51 | 0.62±0.05 | 16.08±0.54 | |
P值 P-value | 添加形式Adding form | 0.015 | 0.059 | 0.088 |
| 添加剂量Adding dose | 0.136 | 0.286 | 0.122 | |
| 交互作用Interaction | 0.720 | 0.555 | 0.323 | |
2.3 不同添加形式与添加剂量的锰对肉鸡回肠微生物多样性的影响
2.3.1 样品共有物种分析
2.3.2 Alpha多样性指数
表3 不同添加形式与添加剂量的锰对肉鸡回肠微生物Alpha多样性指数的影响Table 3 Effects of different adding forms and adding doses of manganese on microbial Alpha diversity indexes in ileum of broilers |
| 项目 Items | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | Observed指数 Observed index | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组别 Groups | 36 mg/kg MS | 114.01±4.27 | 3.09±0.74 | 0.79±0.10 | 114.00±4.24 |
| 54 mg/kg MS | 66.00±8.48 | 2.15±0.62 | 0.58±0.09 | 75.33±17.24 | |
| 36 mg/kg CMS | 80.25±20.15 | 4.01±1.84 | 0.76±0.14 | 79.00±18.38 | |
| 54 mg/kg CMS | 107.40±34.34 | 3.27±0.56 | 0.78±0.12 | 107.33±34.35 | |
添加形式 Adding forms | MS | 90.00±28.26 | 2.52±0.77 | 0.66±0.14 | 90.80±24.52 |
| CMS | 96.54±30.21 | 3.63±1.28 | 0.76±0.11 | 96.00±30.26 | |
添加剂量 Adding doses/(mg/kg) | 36 | 97.13±22.84 | 3.63±1.44 | 0.77±0.11 | 96.50±22.96 |
| 54 | 90.84±33.50 | 2.71±0.81 | 0.67±0.14 | 90.80±33.47 | |
P值 P-value | 添加形式Adding form | 0.823 | 0.180 | 0.264 | 0.924 |
| 添加剂量Adding dose | 0.548 | 0.261 | 0.194 | 0.745 | |
| 交互作用Interaction | 0.068 | 0.886 | 0.144 | 0.069 |

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