1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计与试验饲粮
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 回肠微生物组成及多样性
1.5 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮中添加不同形式与剂量的铁对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响
表1 饲粮中添加不同形式与剂量的铁对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响Table 1 Effects of dietary iron supplementation with different doses and forms on growth performance of broiler chickens |
| 项目 Items | 8~28日龄8 to 28 days of age | 29~49日龄29 to 49 days of age | 8~49日龄8 to 49 days of age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始 体重 IBW/g | 终末 体重 FBW/g | 平均 日增重 ADG/g | 平均日 采食量 ADFI/g | 料重比 F/G | 终末 体重 FBW/g | 平均 日增重 ADG/g | 平均日 采食量 ADFI/g | 料重比 F/G | 平均 日增重 ADG/g | 平均日 采食量 ADFI/g | 料重比 F/G | 死亡率 MR/% | |||||||||||||||||||
组别 Groups | LFS | 179.9 ±0.2 | 1 293.8 ±65.4 | 52.4 ±2.7 | 79.8 ±0.0 | 1.51 ±0.09 | 2 367.1 ±253.4 | 68.4 ±6.9 | 144.9 ±5.6 | 2.18 ±0.23 | 59.1 ±6.9 | 113.5 ±2.7 | 1.90 ±0.12a | 15.83 ±13.93 | |||||||||||||||||
| LCFS | 180.0 ±0.0 | 1 307.9 ±62.5 | 53.6 ±2.4 | 78.5 ±1.0 | 1.48 ±0.01 | 2 481.8 ±184.0 | 78.5 ±5.8 | 142.2 ±9.7 | 1.87 ±0.05 | 64.5 ±3.5 | 105.6 ±5.4 | 1.71 ±0.07c | 10.83 ±4.92 | ||||||||||||||||||
| HFS | 180.0 ±0.0 | 1 291.3 ±71.3 | 51.4 ±2.1 | 79.1 ±1.6 | 1.52 ±0.07 | 2 480.8 ±230.5 | 71.6 ±9.0 | 147.3 ±7.3 | 2.02 ±0.23 | 62.2 ±6.2 | 113.0 ±4.0 | 1.81 ±0.62ab | 10.83 ±12.12 | ||||||||||||||||||
| HCFS | 180.0 ±0.0 | 1 320.0 ±48.5 | 54.0 ±2.7 | 79.8 ±0.0 | 1.44 ±0.03 | 2 484.3 ±124.5 | 74.9 ±2.8 | 140.9 ±9.2 | 1.91 ±0.02 | 63.4 ±1.7 | 107.6 ±4.8 | 1.76 ±0.05bc | 11.50 ±3.92 | ||||||||||||||||||
形式 Forms | 硫酸亚铁 FS | 180.0 ±0.1 | 1 292.5 ±65.2 | 51.9 ±2.4 | 79.4 ±0.8 | 1.52 ±0.08 | 2 423.9 ±238.5 | 70.0 ±7.8 | 146.1 ±6.3 | 2.10 ±0.27 | 60.7 ±6.5 | 113.3 ±3.3 | 1.86 ±0.10 | 13.33 ±12.12 | |||||||||||||||||
| 包被硫 酸亚铁 CFS | 180.0 ±0.0 | 1 313.9 ±53.7 | 53.8 ±2.5 | 79.1 ±1.3 | 1.46 ±0.07 | 2 483.0 ±149.8 | 76.7 ±4.8 | 141.5 ±9.0 | 1.89 ±0.04 | 63.9 ±2.7 | 106.6 ±4.9 | 1.73 ±0.07 | 11.17 ±4.26 | ||||||||||||||||||
剂量 Doses/ (mg/kg) | 42 | 180.0 ±0.1 | 1 300.8 ±61.5 | 53.0 ±2.5 | 79.1 ±1.3 | 1.49 ±0.09 | 2 424.4 ±219.5 | 73.4 ±8.1 | 143.5 ±7.7 | 2.02 ±0.23 | 61.8 ±5.9 | 109.5 ±5.8 | 1.80 ±0.14 | 13.33 ±10.30 | |||||||||||||||||
| 63 | 180.0 ±0.0 | 1 305.6 ±60.0 | 52.7 ±2.7 | 79.4 ±0.8 | 1.48 ±0.08 | 2 482.6 ±176.6 | 73.2 ±6.6 | 144.1 ±8.6 | 1.96 ±0.21 | 62.8 ±4.4 | 110.3 ±5.0 | 1.79 ±0.06 | 11.17 ±7.68 | ||||||||||||||||||
P值P-value | 形式 Form | 0.329 | 0.411 | 0.085 | 0.466 | 0.090 | 0.487 | 0.020 | 0.181 | 0.014 | 0.126 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.576 | |||||||||||||||||
| 剂量 Dose | 0.329 | 0.852 | 0.772 | 0.466 | 0.689 | 0.493 | 0.937 | 0.864 | 0.448 | 0.643 | 0.659 | 0.598 | 0.576 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 交互作用 Interaction | 0.329 | 0.777 | 0.499 | 0.026 | 0.382 | 0.512 | 0.215 | 0.575 | 0.193 | 0.316 | 0.480 | 0.033 | 0.465 | ||||||||||||||||||
同列数据肩标相邻小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相隔小写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
Adjacent lowercase letters on the shoulder of data in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05), separated lowercase letters indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01), and the same letter or no letter indicate no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加不同形式与剂量的铁对肉仔鸡肠道微生物的影响
2.2.1 回肠微生物有效操作分类单元(OTU)数统计
2.2.2 回肠微生物Alpha多样性
表2 饲粮中添加不同形式与剂量的铁对肉仔鸡回肠微生物Alpha多样性指数的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary iron supplementation with different doses and forms on Alpha diversity indexes of ileal microbiota of broiler chickens |
| 项目 Items | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | Faith_pd指数 Faith_pd index | Observed_features 指数 Observed_features index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组别 Groups | LFS | 114.02±3.02 | 11.60±0.10 | 114.00±3.00 | 3.09±0.52 | 0.79±0.07 |
| LCFS | 153.48±90.56 | 16.62±5.55 | 153.33±90.63 | 3.28±0.55 | 0.78±0.09 | |
| HFS | 75.46±17.45 | 9.73±2.91 | 75.33±17.24 | 2.15±0.62 | 0.58±0.09 | |
| HCFS | 108.79±25.63 | 11.02±3.44 | 108.67±25.48 | 2.78±0.76 | 0.65±0.15 | |
形式 Forms | 硫酸亚铁FS | 94.74±23.91 | 10.66±2.10 | 94.67±23.90 | 2.62±0.73 | 0.68±0.14 |
| 包被硫酸亚铁CFS | 131.13±64.36 | 13.82±5.14 | 131.00±64.37 | 3.03±0.65 | 0.72±0.13 | |
剂量 Doses/(mg/kg) | 42 | 133.75±61.25 | 14.11±4.46 | 133.67±61.27 | 3.18±0.49 | 0.79±0.07 |
| 63 | 92.12±26.79 | 10.38±2.94 | 92.00±26.68 | 2.47±0.71 | 0.62±0.12 | |
P值 P-value | 形式Form | 0.225 | 0.165 | 0.225 | 0.285 | 0.622 |
| 剂量Dose | 0.171 | 0.109 | 0.170 | 0.080 | 0.022 | |
| 交互作用Interaction | 0.914 | 0.392 | 0.916 | 0.557 | 0.481 |
2.2.3 回肠微生物Beta多样性
2.2.4 回肠微生物组成
图4 回肠菌群门水平相对丰度柱状图Fig.4 Relative abundance histogram of ileal microbiota at phylum level |
图5 回肠菌群属水平相对丰度柱状图Fig.5 Relative abundance histogram of ileal microbiota at genus level |
表3 饲粮中添加不同形式与剂量的铁对肉鸡回肠菌群优势菌属相对丰度的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary iron supplementation with different doses and forms on relative abundances of dominant genera in ileal microbiota of broiler chickens % |
| 项目 Items | 联合乳杆菌属 Ligilactobacillus | 乳杆菌属 Lactobacillus | 罗伊氏乳杆菌属 Limosilacto- bacillus | 罗姆布茨 菌属_B Romboutsia_B | 未分类菌属 Unclassified | Dwaynesav- agella | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组别 Groups | LFS | 8.77±8.33 | 70.62±7.01 | 14.58±6.87 | 0.04±0.02 | 0.10±0.06 | 5.52±5.51 |
| LCFS | 44.10±38.76 | 31.38±36.47 | 9.72±5.63 | 12.37±15.27 | 0.80±0.55 | 0.19±0.17 | |
| HFS | 3.92±4.95 | 87.89±7.59 | 7.58±2.80 | 0.42±0.62 | 0.01±0.01 | 0.02±0.02 | |
| HCFS | 40.94±47.43 | 43.50±38.43 | 10.16±15.10 | 2.91±5.02 | 0.60±0.60 | 1.10±1.59 | |
形式 Forms | 硫酸亚铁FS | 6.35±6.68 | 79.25±11.50 | 11.08±6.06 | 0.23±0.45 | 0.06±0.06 | 2.77±4.61 |
| 包被硫酸亚铁 CFS | 42.52±38.78 | 37.44±34.16 | 9.94±10.20 | 7.64±11.41 | 0.70±0.53 | 0.64±1.13 | |
剂量 Doses/(mg/kg) | 42 | 26.40±31.68 | 51.00±31.84 | 12.15±6.21 | 6.20±11.78 | 0.45±0.52 | 2.85±4.55 |
| 63 | 22.43±36.34 | 65.69±34.71 | 8.87±9.82 | 1.67±3.48 | 0.31±0.50 | 0.56±1.16 | |
P值 P-value | 形式Form | 0.078 | 0.028 | 0.830 | 0.149 | 0.026 | 0.235 |
| 剂量Dose | 0.829 | 0.373 | 0.540 | 0.357 | 0.562 | 0.203 | |
| 交互作用 Interaction | 0.964 | 0.873 | 0.488 | 0.320 | 0.834 | 0.089 |

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