1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 石粉和蛋壳粉的粒径大小及钙、磷含量Table 1 Particle size and calcium, phosphorus contents of limestone and eggshell powder |
| 项目 Items | 粗石粉 Coarse limestone | 细石粉 Fine limestone | 蛋壳粉 Eggshell powder |
|---|---|---|---|
| 粒径Particle size/mm | 2.00~4.00 | 0~2.00 | 0~2.00 |
| 钙含量Calcium content/(mg/g) | 417.70 | 417.70 | 406.82 |
| 磷含量Phosphorus content/(mg/g) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.06 |
1.2 体外溶解速率的比较
1.3 体内溶解特点的比较
表2 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(饲喂基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (as-fed basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 石粉组 Limestone groups4) | 蛋壳粉组 Eggshell powder group |
|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 玉米Corn | 62.00 | 62.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 24.20 | 24.20 |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 1.50 | 1.50 |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 1.93 | 1.69 |
| 石粉Limestone | 8.86 | |
| 蛋壳粉Eggshell power | 9.10 | |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 硫酸钠Na2SO4 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (50%) | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| 植酸酶Phytase | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix2) | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.39 | 11.35 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.56 | 16.57 |
| 钙Ca | 3.88 | 3.88 |
| 总磷TP | 0.45 | 0.50 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.32 | 0.32 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.38 | 0.38 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.65 | 0.65 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.61 | 0.61 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Vitamin premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 8 000 IU,VD3 2 500 IU,VK3 2.65 mg,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 6.0 mg,VB12 0.025 mg,VB6 3.0 mg,VE 50 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12 mg,烟酸 niacin 50 mg,生物素 biotin 0.032 5 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.25 mg。2)矿物质预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Mineral premix provided the following per kg of diets;Cu 8 mg,Zn 7 mg,Fe 80 mg,Mn 100 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 10.35 mg。3)粗蛋白质、钙和总磷含量为实测值,其余为计算值。CP, Ca and TP were measured values, while the others were calculated values.4)石粉组包括粗石粉组、细石粉组和混合石粉组。Limestone groups included coarse limestone group, fine limestone group and mixed limestone group. |
1.4 检测指标与方法
1.4.1 生产性能
1.4.2 血清钙含量
1.4.3 钙溶解特点
钙摄入量=饲粮钙含量×摄入饲粮重-剩余饲粮钙含量×剩余饲粮重;
钙排出量=排泄物中钙含量×排泄物重;
肠内钙量=全肠段食糜钙含量×食糜重;
钙溶解百分比=[(钙摄入量-钙排出量->肠内钙量)/钙摄入量]×100[12]。
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 蛋壳粉与石粉体外溶解速率的差异
图1 蛋壳粉与石粉在蛋鸡体外溶解速率的差异同一时间点,数据点标注不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 Fig.1 Difference in dissolution rate of eggshell powder and limestone in laying hens in vitro (n=5) At the same time point, data points marked with different letters mean significant difference (P<0.05), while the same letters mean no significant difference (P>0.05). |
2.2 蛋壳粉与石粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
表3 蛋壳粉与石粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 3 Effects of eggshell powder and limestone on performance of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 混合石粉组 Mixed limestone group | 粗石粉组 Coarse limestone group | 细石粉组 Fine limestone group | 蛋壳粉组 Eggshell powder group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 100.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 | 100.00±0.00 | 95.83±0.04 | 0.397 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 56.10±1.60 | 55.82±1.12 | 55.19±1.31 | 56.83±0.67 | 0.818 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 107.06±3.18 | 103.27±4.44 | 107.79±2.47 | 102.78±3.12 | 0.643 |
| 料蛋比F/E | 1.91±0.04 | 1.86±0.11 | 1.96±0.05 | 1.80±0.05 | 0.459 |
| 蛋壳重Eggshell weight/g | 5.66±0.16 | 5.49±0.08 | 5.30±0.12 | 5.35±0.16 | 0.240 |
| 蛋壳比例Eggshell ratio/% | 10.09±0.14 | 9.86±0.12 | 9.60±0.15 | 9.42±0.27 | 0.064 |
2.3 蛋壳粉与石粉对蛋鸡钙溶解百分比的影响
表4 蛋壳粉与石粉对蛋鸡钙溶解百分比的影响Table 4 Effects of eggshell powder and limestone on calcium dissolved percentage of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 混合石粉组 Mixed limestone group | 粗石粉组 Coarse limestone group | 细石粉组 Fine limestone group | 蛋壳粉组 Eggshell powder group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钙摄入量Calcium intake/g | 13.77±0.06a | 13.95±0.15a | 13.26±0.15b | 12.60±0.12c | <0.001 |
| 粪排出量Calcium output/g | 4.86±0.40 | 5.70±0.58 | 5.00±0.48 | 4.71±0.36 | 0.475 |
| 肠内钙量Enteral calcium/g | 0.40±0.05a | 0.55±0.06a | 0.19±0.04b | 0.12±0.06b | <0.001 |
| 钙溶解百分比 Calcium dissolved percentage/% | 63.62±3.91 | 56.03±4.19 | 59.50±3.23 | 61.19±3.78 | 0.466 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.4 蛋壳粉与石粉对蛋鸡肠消化液钙含量的影响
表5 蛋壳粉与石粉对蛋鸡肠消化液钙含量的影响Table 5 Effects of eggshell powder and limestone on digestive fluid calcium content of laying hens mmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 混合石粉组 Mixed limestone group | 粗石粉组 Coarse limestone group | 细石粉组 Fine limestone group | 蛋壳粉 Eggshell powder group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 嗉囊Craw | 6.29±0.82 | 6.38±1.19 | 6.91±0.66 | 5.47±1.35 | 0.537 |
| 胃Stomach | 4.43±0.57 | 4.07±0.50 | 3.47±0.49 | 3.16±0.41 | 0.318 |
| 十二指肠Duodenum | 3.70±0.21 | 3.73±0.28 | 4.31±0.26 | 4.42±0.36 | 0.228 |
| 空肠Jejunum | 12.53±1.32 | 13.16±1.42 | 11.71±1.05 | 13.47±1.79 | 0.674 |
| 回肠Ileum | 11.00±1.40ab | 8.07±1.42bc | 12.66±1.16a | 6.85±1.66c | 0.004 |
2.5 蛋壳粉与石粉对蛋鸡血清钙含量的影响
表6 蛋壳粉与石粉对蛋鸡血清钙含量的影响Table 6 Effects of eggshell powder and limestone on serum calcium content of laying hens mmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 混合石粉组 Mixed limestone group | 粗石粉组 Coarse limestone group | 细石粉组 Fine limestone group | 蛋壳粉组 Eggshell powder group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 产蛋后0 h 0 h post-oviposition | 2.17±0.03a | 2.04±0.05b | 2.14±0.05ab | 1.89±0.05c | <0.001 |
| 产蛋后7 h 7 h post-oviposition | 3.12±0.15 | 3.32±0.13 | 3.11±0.12 | 3.10±0.18 | 0.621 |
| 产蛋后17 h 17 h post-oviposition | 2.47±0.10 | 2.44±0.12 | 2.16±0.10 | 2.18±0.13 | 0.163 |

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