1 材料与方法
1.1 试验时间和地点
1.2 试验设计与动物
1.3 试验饲粮与饲养管理
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 菜籽饼 Rapeseed cake | 葵花籽仁饼 Sunflower seed cake | 混合饼粕 Mixed cake and meal | |
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 葵花皮Sunflower hull | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| 苜蓿草颗粒Alfalfa pellets | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
| 玉米秸秆Corn stover | 7.00 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 10.00 | ||||
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 10.00 | 4.00 | |||
| 菜籽饼Rapeseed cake | 12.00 | 4.00 | |||
| 葵花籽仁饼Sunflower seed cake | 15.50 | 4.50 | |||
| 玉米Corn | 42.00 | 45.50 | 41.50 | 38.00 | 43.50 |
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 5.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 | 6.00 | 4.00 |
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物Corn DDGS | 8.50 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 10.00 | 7.50 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 干物质DM | 91.52 | 91.41 | 91.70 | 92.39 | 93.06 |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 13.65 | 13.65 | 13.64 | 13.64 | 13.64 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 13.91 | 14.19 | 13.97 | 13.54 | 13.73 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.06 | 2.93 | 3.33 | 3.37 | 3.26 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 29.49 | 28.73 | 31.05 | 33.38 | 32.75 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 15.24 | 14.59 | 16.85 | 18.38 | 17.32 |
| 钙Ca | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.74 |
| 磷P | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.40 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 15 000 IU,VD 2 200 IU,VE 50 IU,Fe 55 mg,Cu 12.5 mg,Mn 47 mg,Zn 24 mg,Se 0.5 mg,I 0.5 mg,Co 0.1 mg。2)干物质为风干基础,代谢能根据消化代谢试验结果计算得出,其余为实测值。DM was air-dry basis, ME was calculated according to the results of digestion and metabolism trial, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 消化代谢试验
1.5 样品采集与指标测定
1.5.1 饲粮营养物质含量
1.5.2 营养物质表观消化率
1.5.3 能氮代谢指标
消化能摄入量(MJ/d)=总能摄入量-粪能排出量;
甲烷排出量(L/d)=-0.620+0.027×DM摄入量+0.039×NDF摄入量;
甲烷能排出量(MJ/d)=[甲烷排出量×0.668]/1 000×55.65;
代谢能摄入量(MJ/d)=总能摄入量-粪能排出量-尿能排出量-甲烷能排出量;
总能表观消化率(%)=100×消化能摄入量/总能摄入量;
总能代谢率(%)=100×代谢能摄入量/总能摄入量;
消化能代谢率(%)=100×代谢能摄入量/消化能摄入量。
总排出氮(g/d)=粪氮排出量+尿氮排出量;
表观可消化氮(g/d)=氮摄入量-粪氮排出量;
沉积氮(g/d)=氮摄入量-(粪氮排出量+尿氮排出量);
氮表观消化率(%)=100×表观可消化氮/氮摄入量;
氮的生物学价值(%)=100×沉积氮/表观可消化氮。
1.5.4 瘤胃发酵参数
1.6 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同蛋白质源饲粮对育肥羊采食量和营养物质表观消化率的影响
表2 不同蛋白质源饲粮对育肥羊采食量和营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 2 Effects of diets with different protein sources on feed intake and nutrient apparent digestibility of fattening sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 菜籽饼 Rapeseed cake | 葵花籽仁饼 Sunflower seed cake | 混合饼粕 Mixed cake and meal | |||
| 干物质采食量DMI/(g/d) | 1 389.3 | 1 276.2 | 1 449.4 | 1 452.3 | 1 399.0 | 33.113 | 0.666 |
| 干物质表观消化率 DM apparent digestibility | 71.82a | 70.27ab | 65.46bc | 63.46c | 65.69bc | 1.581 | 0.014 |
| 有机物表观消化率 OM apparent digestibility | 73.63a | 71.87ab | 67.31bc | 65.70c | 67.55bc | 1.505 | 0.015 |
| 粗蛋白质表观消化率 CP apparent digestibility | 77.51a | 77.04a | 69.34b | 71.52b | 72.59ab | 1.591 | 0.015 |
| 中性洗涤纤维表观消化率 NDF apparent digestibility | 61.58 | 64.33 | 63.07 | 60.25 | 59.58 | 0.877 | 0.529 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率 ADF apparent digestibility | 29.79 | 35.51 | 28.89 | 24.12 | 23.75 | 2.152 | 0.241 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同蛋白质源饲粮对育肥羊能量代谢的影响
表3 不同蛋白质源饲粮对育肥羊能量代谢的影响Table 3 Effects of diets with different protein sources on energy metabolism of fattening sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 菜籽饼 Rapeseed cake | 葵花籽仁饼 Sunflower seed cake | 混合饼粕 Mixed cake and meal | |||
| 总能摄入量GE intake/(MJ/d) | 27.26 | 25.06 | 28.44 | 28.66 | 27.56 | 0.640 | 0.652 |
| 粪能排出量FE output/(MJ/d) | 8.12 | 7.64 | 10.23 | 11.06 | 9.81 | 0.646 | 0.125 |
| 尿能排出量UE output/(MJ/d) | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.015 | 0.853 |
| 消化能摄入量DE intake/(MJ/d) | 19.14 | 17.42 | 18.21 | 17.60 | 17.74 | 0.309 | 0.746 |
| 代谢能摄入量ME intake/(MJ/d) | 16.17 | 14.57 | 15.07 | 14.45 | 14.65 | 0.315 | 0.634 |
| 总能表观消化率 GE apparent digestibility/% | 70.60a | 69.65ab | 64.15bc | 61.67c | 64.55bc | 1.713 | 0.012 |
| 总能代谢率GE metabolizability/% | 59.65a | 58.24ab | 53.13bc | 50.67c | 53.16bc | 1.695 | 0.010 |
| 消化能代谢率DE metabolizability/% | 84.46 | 83.61 | 82.75 | 82.10 | 82.36 | 0.434 | 0.078 |
2.3 不同蛋白质源饲粮对育肥羊氮代谢的影响
表4 不同蛋白质源饲粮对育肥羊氮代谢的影响Table 4 Effects of diets with different protein sources on nitrogen metabolism of fattening sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 菜籽饼 Rapeseed cake | 葵花籽仁饼 Sunflower seed cake | 混合饼粕 Mixed cake and meal | |||
| 氮摄入量N intake/(g/d) | 30.94 | 28.99 | 32.40 | 31.46 | 30.73 | 0.559 | 0.822 |
| 粪氮排出量FN output/(g/d) | 7.02b | 6.70b | 9.98a | 8.97ab | 8.27ab | 0.609 | 0.035 |
| 尿氮排出量UN output/(g/d) | 10.67 | 10.02 | 8.72 | 8.99 | 8.93 | 0.376 | 0.298 |
| 总排出氮Total output N/(g/d) | 17.69 | 16.72 | 18.69 | 17.96 | 17.20 | 0.335 | 0.765 |
| 表观可消化氮 Apparent digestibility N/(g/d) | 23.92 | 22.30 | 22.43 | 22.49 | 22.46 | 0.302 | 0.944 |
| 沉积氮Retained N/(g/d) | 13.25 | 12.28 | 13.71 | 13.50 | 13.53 | 0.254 | 0.967 |
| 氮表观消化率 N apparent digestibility/% | 77.51a | 77.04a | 69.34b | 71.52b | 72.59ab | 1.591 | 0.015 |
| 氮利用率 N utilization efficiency/% | 44.62 | 42.00 | 42.31 | 42.84 | 43.14 | 0.455 | 0.999 |
| 氮的生物学价值 Biological value of N/% | 55.06 | 54.63 | 61.19 | 59.76 | 59.08 | 1.312 | 0.615 |
2.4 不同蛋白质源饲粮对育肥羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响
表5 不同蛋白质源饲粮对育肥羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响Table 5 Effects of diets with different protein sources on rumen fermentation parameters of fattening sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 菜籽饼 Rapeseed cake | 葵花籽仁饼 Sunflower seed cake | 混合饼粕 Mixed cake and meal | |||
| pH | 6.53 | 6.62 | 6.43 | 6.52 | 6.39 | 0.429 | 0.485 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA/(mmol/L) | 94.62 | 91.25 | 88.23 | 92.15 | 91.39 | 2.851 | 0.975 |
| 乙酸Acetate/(mmol/L) | 49.34 | 45.79 | 43.69 | 46.30 | 42.50 | 1.691 | 0.762 |
| 丙酸Propionate/(mmol/L) | 22.98 | 24.65 | 23.14 | 24.70 | 27.87 | 0.942 | 0.494 |
| 乙酸/丙酸Acetate/propionate | 2.73 | 1.86 | 1.99 | 1.92 | 2.01 | 0.142 | 0.105 |
| 丁酸Butyrate/(mmol/L) | 6.88 | 6.26 | 4.51 | 4.71 | 4.68 | 0.400 | 0.215 |
| 异丁酸Isobutyrate/(mmol/L) | 10.60 | 9.74 | 12.84 | 12.54 | 12.50 | 0.665 | 0.499 |
| 戊酸Valerate/(mmol/L) | 1.32 | 1.35 | 1.31 | 1.25 | 1.18 | 0.876 | 0.982 |
| 异戊酸Isovalerate/(mmol/L) | 3.51 | 3.47 | 2.76 | 2.65 | 2.66 | 0.196 | 0.415 |
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(mg/dL) | 7.32 | 7.44 | 7.43 | 7.49 | 6.94 | 0.166 | 0.847 |

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