1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 试验材料
表1 精补料组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of concentrate supplements (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 精补料1 Concentrate supplement 1 | 精补料2 Concentrate supplement 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米Corn | 60.00 | 34.00 | |||
| 米糠Rice bran | 6.20 | 10.00 | |||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 10.00 | 15.00 | |||
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 12.00 | 16.00 | |||
| 玉米皮Corn husks | 8.30 | 21.50 | |||
| 食盐NaCl | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 预混料Premix1) | 2.50 | 2.50 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.76 | 10.94 | |||
| 干物质(风干基础) DM (air-dry basis) | 86.01 | 85.06 | |||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.28 | 19.62 | |||
| 粗脂肪EE | 4.20 | 4.10 | |||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 37.22 | 34.30 | |||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 10.50 | 12.17 | |||
| 钙Ca | 0.49 | 0.48 | |||
| 磷P | 0.43 | 0.46 | |||
| 硒Se/(mg/kg) | 0.06 | 0.05 | |||
| 能氮比ME/N | 0.45 | 0.35 |
1)预混料为每千克精补料提供 The premix provided the following per kg of concentrate supplements:VA 30 000 IU,VD 5 000 IU,VE 200 IU,Cu 12 mg,Zn 70 mg,Co 0.2 mg,Mn 70 mg,Fe 55 mg,I 0.5 mg。2)代谢能和能氮比为计算值,其他营养水平均为实测值。ME and ME/N were calculated values, while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 指标检测及方法
1.5.1 干物质采食量(DMI)的测定
1.5.2 营养物质表观消化率的测定
1.5.3 血清抗氧化指标的测定
1.5.4 瘤胃微生物区系的测定
1.6 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 精补料能氮比和酵母硒添加水平对放牧绵羊DMI及营养物质表观消化率的影响
表2 精补料能氮比和酵母硒添加水平对放牧绵羊DMI及营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 2 Effects of energy to nitrogen ratio of concentrate supplement and selenium yeast supplemental level on DMI and nutrient apparent digestibility of grazing sheep |
| 项目 Items | 干物质采食量 DMI/(g/d) | 干物质表 观消化率 DM apparent digestibility/% | 粗脂肪 表观消化率 EE apparent digestibility/% | 粗蛋白质 表观消化率 CP apparent digestibility/% | 中性洗涤纤维 表观消化率 NDF apparent digestibility/% | 酸性洗涤纤维 表观消化率 ADF apparent digestibility/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组别 Groups | HEN | 1 250.77±22.29c | 68.71±2.91b | 67.38±2.34b | 63.92±2.98b | 63.15±3.06b | 45.45±1.96 |
| LEN | 1 226.51±36.63d | 69.28±3.33b | 67.05±2.65b | 63.09±4.19b | 62.90±2.00b | 44.50±2.87 | |
| HEN-SY | 1 332.90±15.54a | 73.23±1.05a | 71.84±2.39a | 70.05±3.19a | 67.89±2.71a | 46.44±1.84 | |
| LEN-SY | 1 295.16±28.35b | 73.14±2.53a | 71.74±2.57a | 70.41±3.18a | 66.80±1.95a | 45.56±2.56 | |
P值 P-value | E/N | <0.001 | 0.806 | 0.917 | 0.881 | 0.584 | 0.395 |
| SY | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.346 | |
| E/N×SY | 0.234 | 0.816 | 0.850 | 0.703 | 0.743 | 0.975 | |
E/N:精补料能氮比;SY:酵母硒添加水平;E/N×SY:精补料能氮比和酵母硒添加水平交互作用。同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
E/N: energy to nitrogen ratio of concentrate supplement; SY: 酵母硒添加水平 selenium yeast supplemental level; E/N×SY: interaction between energy to nitrogen ratio of concentrate supplement and selenium yeast supplemental level. In the same column, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 精补料能氮比和酵母硒添加水平对放牧绵羊血清抗氧化指标的影响
表3 精补料能氮比和酵母硒添加水平对放牧绵羊血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of energy to nitrogen ratio of concentrate supplement and selenium yeast supplemental level on serum antioxidant indices of grazing sheep |
| 项目 Items | 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/L) | 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组别 Groups | HEN | 56.37±4.19c | 9.69±0.40b | 94.11±4.20b | 3.57±0.33ab |
| LEN | 49.85±2.19d | 10.64±0.39a | 88.58±4.44c | 3.55±0.53b | |
| HEN-SY | 72.29±3.50a | 8.67±0.62c | 120.35±4.64a | 3.62±0.42a | |
| LEN-SY | 59.71±1.84b | 8.49±0.41c | 115.26±3.85a | 3.62±0.43a | |
P值 P-value | E/N | <0.001 | 0.087 | 0.014 | 0.427 |
| SY | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| E/N×SY | 0.043 | 0.017 | 0.868 | 0.514 | |
2.3 精补料能氮比和酵母硒添加水平对放牧绵羊瘤胃微生物区系的影响
2.3.1 放牧绵羊瘤胃菌群的Venn图
2.3.2 放牧绵羊瘤胃菌群主成分分析(PCoA)
2.3.3 各组瘤胃菌群α多样性指数
表4 精补料能氮比和酵母硒添加水平对放牧绵羊瘤胃α多样性的影响Table 4 Effects of energy to nitrogen ratio of concentrate supplement and selenium yeast supplemental level on rumen α diversity indices of grazing sheep |
| 项目 Items | Ace指数 Ace index | Chao指数 Chao index | Coverage指数 Coverage index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | Sobs指数 Sobs index | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组别 Groups | HEN | 2 918.00±271.70 | 2 795.00±230.50 | 0.99±0.00 | 6.06±0.14 | 0.01±0.00 | 2 406±211 |
| LEN | 2 801.00±135.80 | 2 694.12±123.44 | 0.99±0.00 | 5.94±0.08 | 0.01±0.00 | 2 317±143 | |
| HEN-SY | 3 007.00±80.89 | 2 861.00±75.02 | 0.99±0.00 | 6.04±0.12 | 0.01±0.00 | 2 516±70 | |
| LEN-SY | 2 969.04±128.71 | 2 835.20±123.50 | 0.99±0.00 | 6.05±0.13 | 0.01±0.00 | 2 496±127 | |
P值 P-value | E/N | 0.399 | 0.408 | 0.456 | 0.596 | 0.951 | 0.696 |
| SY | 0.187 | 0.206 | 0.609 | 0.495 | 0.837 | 0.099 | |
| E/N×SY | 0.186 | 0.242 | 0.446 | 0.265 | 0.793 | 0.178 | |
2.3.4 各组瘤胃菌群在门水平上的组成和相对丰度
表5 精补料能氮比和酵母硒添加水平对放牧绵羊瘤胃门水平菌群相对丰度的影响Table 5 Effects of energy to nitrogen ratio of concentrate supplement and selenium yeast supplemental level on rumen flora relative abundances at phylum level of grazing sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 拟杆菌门 Bacteroidota | 厚壁菌门 Firmicutes | 变形菌门 Proteobacteria | 放线菌门 Actinobacteriota | 螺旋菌门 Spirochaetota | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组别 Groups | HEN | 60.33±2.38a | 34.09±2.71b | 2.33±1.10 | 2.39±1.74 | 0.89±0.49 |
| LEN | 55.93±1.80b | 35.04±2.70b | 3.03±1.19 | 1.33±0.59 | 0.49±0.26 | |
| HEN-SY | 52.57±2.14c | 44.43±1.99a | 2.66±0.39 | 1.83±1.28 | 0.73±0.45 | |
| LEN-SY | 49.33±3.05d | 41.76±1.03a | 2.53±0.26 | 1.05±0.48 | 0.47±0.11 | |
P值 P-value | E/N | 0.001 | 0.205 | 0.424 | 0.763 | 0.527 |
| SY | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.811 | 0.383 | 0.340 | |
| E/N×SY | 0.557 | 0.773 | 0.243 | 0.062 | 0.650 | |
2.3.5 各组瘤胃菌群在属水平上的组成和相对丰度
图4 瘤胃属水平菌群组成Prevotella:普雷沃氏菌属;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;norank_f_F082:未分类的F082属;Succiniclasticum:解琥珀酸菌属;Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group:瘤胃球菌科NK4A214群;Ruminococcus:瘤胃球菌属;Christensenellaceae_R-7_group:克里斯滕森氏菌科R-7群;unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae:未分类的毛螺菌科;Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014:瘤胃球菌科UCG-014;Quinella:韦荣氏球菌属;Other:其他。 Fig.4 Rumen flora composition at genus level |
表6 精补料能氮比和酵母硒添加水平对放牧绵羊瘤胃属水平菌群相对丰度的影响Table 6 Effects of energy to nitrogen ratio of concentrate supplement and selenium yeast supplemental level on rumen flora relative abundances at genus level of grazing sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 普雷沃氏菌属 Prevotella | 理研菌科RC9肠道群 Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group | 未分类的F082属 Norank_f_F082 | 解琥珀酸菌属 Succiniclasticum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组别 Groups | HEN | 22.86±1.74a | 9.20±1.11 | 9.35±1.65 | 7.98±5.26a |
| LEN | 22.16±1.21a | 8.77±4.01 | 9.41±2.06 | 4.10±0.76b | |
| HEN-SY | 19.44±2.53b | 9.83±2.33 | 9.83±3.01 | 11.21±4.49a | |
| LEN-SY | 19.10±2.19b | 10.66±2.33 | 9.03±1.92 | 6.40±1.64b | |
P值 P-value | E/N | 0.530 | 0.855 | 0.687 | 0.007 |
| SY | 0.001 | 0.258 | 0.955 | 0.073 | |
| E/N×SY | 0.821 | 0.568 | 0.641 | 0.753 | |

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