1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | L0 | L1 | L2 | L3 | |
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 膨化玉米Expanded corn | 41.30 | 42.95 | 43.78 | 43.86 | 44.41 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal (43%) | 11.50 | 11.49 | 11.40 | 10.99 | 10.00 |
| 玉米胚芽饼Corn germ cake | 12.50 | 13.99 | 13.99 | 13.99 | 14.00 |
| 豆饼Soybean cake | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| 干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS | 8.20 | 8.99 | 8.80 | 8.80 | 8.80 |
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 5.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 肉骨粉Bone and meat meal | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 |
| 鸡肉粉Chicken powder | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| 沸石粉Zeolite powder | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.58 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.30 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.80 | 0.73 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.86 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.90 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 14.28 | 14.32 | 14.36 | 14.27 | 14.31 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 24.07 | 22.67 | 22.46 | 22.57 | 22.12 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 8.31 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 7.83 | 7.82 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 7.23 | 6.84 | 6.53 | 6.43 | 6.42 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.57 | 0.58 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.51 | 1.52 | 1.48 | 1.52 | 1.46 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.86 | 0.78 | 1.02 | 1.31 | 1.56 |
| 钙Ca | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.76 |
| 总磷TP | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.71 |
1)每千克预混料含有 Contained the following per kg of premix:VA 1 500 000 IU,VB1 300 mg,VB2 1 250 mg,VB6 500 mg,VB12 3.75 mg,VD3 600 000 IU,VE 3 500 mg,VK3 250 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 2 250 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 5 000 mg,叶酸 folic acid 250 mg,生物素 biotin 15 mg,抗氧化剂 antioxidant 60 mg,Cu 25 000 mg,Fe 112 500 mg,Zn 78 750 mg,Mn 39 750 mg,I 500 mg,Se 300 mg,Co 100 mg。2)代谢能参照《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2021年第32版)》进行计算,其余为实测值。ME was calculated referring to the Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (32nd edition, 2021), while the others were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 检测指标及方法
1.5 数据处理与分析
2 结果
2.1 低蛋白质饲粮中添加苏氨酸对育成期乌苏里貉生长性能的影响
表2 低蛋白质饲粮中添加苏氨酸对育成期乌苏里貉生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of threonine supplementation in low-protein diets on growth performance of Ussuri raccoon dogs during growing period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | L0 | L1 | L2 | L3 | ||
| 始重IBW/kg | 2.70±0.22 | 2.70±0.29 | 2.70±0.41 | 2.70±0.29 | 2.70±0.26 | 1.000 |
| 末重FBW/kg | 6.48±0.80ABb | 5.70±0.47Cc | 6.99±0.57Aa | 6.50±0.51ABb | 6.13±0.47BCbc | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 238.65±7.36 | 238.65±19.37 | 228.52±8.56 | 229.87±15.21 | 230.76±17.55 | 0.174 |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 61.50±10.97ABb | 49.28±7.78Cc | 69.81±7.41Aa | 62.97±5.35ABab | 55.94±7.24BCbc | <0.001 |
| 料重比F/G | 4.05±1.09Bb | 4.95±0.84Aa | 3.31±0.37Bc | 3.67±0.35Bbc | 4.19±0.64Bb | <0.001 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 低蛋白质饲粮中添加苏氨酸对育成期乌苏里貉营养物质表观消化率的影响
表3 低蛋白质饲粮中添加苏氨酸对育成期乌苏里貉营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of threonine supplementation in low-protein diets on nutrient apparent digestibility of Ussuri raccoon dogs during growing period % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | L0 | L1 | L2 | L3 | ||
| 干物质表观消化率 DM apparent digestibility | 71.60±4.97 | 71.85±12.82 | 77.64±6.56 | 76.31±4.63 | 76.29±3.30 | 0.331 |
| 粗蛋白质表观消化率 CP apparent digestibility | 68.97±5.31Bb | 69.15±1.86Bb | 78.53±0.57Aa | 74.26±0.50ABa | 76.35±0.41Aa | <0.001 |
| 粗脂肪表观消化率 EE apparent digestibility | 88.63±2.88Aa | 79.38±0.93Bb | 87.88±4.16Aa | 81.25±4.68Bb | 81.50±2.62Bb | 0.003 |
2.3 低蛋白质饲粮中添加苏氨酸对育成期乌苏里貉血清生化指标的影响
表4 低蛋白质饲粮中添加苏氨酸对育成期乌苏里貉血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of threonine supplementation in low-protein diets on serum biochemical indexes of Ussuri raccoon dogs during growing period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | L0 | L1 | L2 | L3 | ||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 79.88±3.82 | 78.28±8.47 | 77.13±9.07 | 78.45±5.42 | 81.15±3.67 | 0.825 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 26.99±2.53 | 27.65±3.62 | 27.31±2.79 | 25.23±1.89 | 29.30±2.03 | 0.078 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 52.78±8.72a | 46.48±3.78ab | 43.30±3.27b | 43.18±8.07b | 49.81±5.52ab | 0.026 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 90.96±4.56Aa | 72.67±8.10Bb | 71.93±3.47Bb | 71.15±3.62Bb | 74.54±9.39Bb | <0.001 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 74.08±10.04Aa | 59.66±3.68Bb | 68.06±10.81ABab | 78.71±2.54Aa | 72.51±6.58ABa | <0.001 |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 6.77±0.39Aa | 6.59±0.40Aa | 5.55±0.43Bb | 5.68±0.40Bb | 6.61±0.58Aa | <0.001 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 3.55±0.30 | 3.53±0.39 | 3.57±0.82 | 3.50±0.32 | 3.52±0.59 | 0.999 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 3.63±0.29a | 3.76±0.79a | 3.40±0.24ab | 3.42±0.18ab | 2.99±0.33b | 0.017 |
| 高密度脂蛋白 HDL/(mmol/L) | 2.90±0.42b | 3.45±0.40ab | 3.28±0.27ab | 3.49±0.25a | 2.89±0.54b | 0.022 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/L) | 274.67±37.14Aa | 215.00±21.36Bb | 206.37±14.20Bb | 208.07±18.84Bb | 204.70±15.29Bb | <0.001 |
| 肌酐CR/(μmol/L) | 42.41±5.21 | 37.87±7.86 | 36.53±2.64 | 36.69±5.60 | 35.17±5.86 | 0.140 |

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