1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 油莎豆不同部位浸提液的制备
1.3 大肠杆菌的接种培养
1.4 牛津杯试验
1.5 大肠杆菌细胞形态学观察
1.6 大肠杆菌生长曲线绘制
1.7 大肠杆菌代谢组学分析
1.8 油莎豆中主要抑菌成分分析
1.9 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 油莎豆不同部位浸提液对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果比较
表1 油莎豆不同部位浸提液对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈Table 1 Inhibition zone of extract liquids of different parts of Cyperus esculentus on Escherichia coli |
| 项目 Items | 剂量 Dose/μL | 抑菌圈直径 Diameter of inhibition zone/mm | 敏感度 Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|
块茎浸提液 Tuber extract liquid | 50 | 6.95±0.13Cd | R |
| 70 | 9.35±0.21Bc | R | |
| 150 | 12.50±0.26Bb | M | |
| 250 | 23.75±1.30Ba | S | |
茎叶浸提液 Stem and leaf extract liquid | 50 | 8.05±0.37Bd | R |
| 70 | 10.15±0.21Ac | M | |
| 150 | 21.80±0.26Ab | S | |
| 250 | 24.65±0.39Ba | S | |
混合浸提液 Mixed extract liquid | 50 | 8.88±0.17Ad | R |
| 70 | 11.93±0.31Ac | M | |
| 150 | 18.25±0.70Ab | S | |
| 250 | 29.40±0.74Aa | S |
R表示耐药,M表示中度敏感,S表示高度敏感。同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示相同浸提液的不同剂量之间显著差异(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示同一剂量下不同浸提液之间显著差异(P<0.05)。 | |
R mean resistant, M mean moderately sensitive, and S mean highly sensitive. Values in the same column with different lowercase letter superscripts indicated that there was a significant difference between the different doses of the same extract liquid (P<0.05), and with different uppercase letter superscripts indicated that there was a significant difference between the different extract liquid with the same dose (P<0.05). |
2.2 油莎豆不同部位浸提液对大肠杆菌细胞形态结构的影响
2.3 油莎豆混合浸提液对大肠杆菌生长规律的影响
2.4 油莎豆混合浸提液对大肠杆菌代谢物的影响
图5 大肠杆菌代谢物热图限于篇幅,仅对重要的代谢物给出对应中文 Due to space limitations, only the corresponding Chinese names for important metabolites are provided。PIP(18∶2(9Z,12Z)/PGJ2):磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸(亚油酸/PGJ2);Glucosaminylmuramyl-2-alanine-D-isoglutamine:葡糖胺基胞壁酰二肽;Glu Phe:谷氨酰苯丙氨酸;CDP-DG(18∶2(9Z,11Z)/i-22∶0):CDP-二酰甘油(亚油酸/异二十二酸);Ferulic acid:阿魏酸;5-(2'-carboxyethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate:5-(2'-羧乙基)-4,6-二羟基吡啶-2-甲酸;Dihydrocytochalasin B:二氢松胞菌素B;Thapsigargin:毒胡萝卜素;(Z)-2-methyl-2-butene-1,4-diol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside:(Z)-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1,4-二醇4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷;Boceprevir:波西普韦;Deoxypyridinoline:脱氧吡啶啉;DG(10∶0/PGF1alpha/0∶0):甘油二酯(癸酸/PGF1α//0∶0);Vinfosiltine:维诺磺汀(抗肿瘤药物);Beloranib:贝洛拉尼(抗肥胖药物);Ganoderic acid B:灵芝酸B。 Fig.5 Heat map of metabolites of Escherichia coli |
图6 大肠杆菌代谢物聚类图“* * *”代表P<0.001。“* * *” represents P<0.001.限于篇幅,仅对重要的代谢物给出对应中文 Due to space limitations, only the corresponding Chinese names for important metabolites are provided。Alinamin:阿林胺(维生素B1衍生物);PG(22∶5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-O(16,17)/i-12∶0):磷脂酰甘油(22∶5-16,17-环氧/i-12∶0);Cmp-nana:胞苷-5'-单磷酸-N-乙酰神经氨酸;1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid:1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酸;CDP-DG(18∶1(11Z)/18∶0):CDP-二酰甘油(油酰/硬脂酰);Levofloxacin:左氧喹诺酮;Arginylmethionine:精氨酰蛋氨酸;Cabotegravir:卡博特韦;(-)-2-difluoromethylornithine:(-)-2-二氟甲基鸟氨酸;Nipradilol:尼普地洛;Chlorogenic acid:绿原酸;PS(18∶1(12Z)-O(9S,10R)/22∶1(13Z)):磷脂酰丝氨酸(18∶1-9S,10R-环氧/芥酸);Practolol:普拉洛尔;PIP(20∶3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18∶0):磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸(20∶3/硬脂酸);9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid:9-羟基-10,12-十八碳二烯酸;UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine:尿苷-5'-二磷酸-N-乙酰-α-D-葡糖胺;Dihydroergocristine:二氢麦角克碱。 Fig.6 Clustering diagram of metabolites of Escherichia coli |
2.5 油莎豆中主要抑菌成分分析
图7 KEGG化合物分类Terpenoids:萜类;Phenylpropanoids:苯丙素类;Others:其他;Flavonoids:黄酮类;Fatty acids related compounds:脂肪酸相关化合物类;Amino acids related compounds:氨基酸相关化合物类;Alkaloids:生物碱类;Triterpenoids (C30):三萜类(C30);Sesquiterpenoids (C15):倍半萜类;(C15);Monoterpenoids (C10):单萜类(C10);Diterpenoids (C20):二萜类(C20);Monolignols:单木质素醇类;Lignans:木脂素类;Coumarins:香豆素类;Tannins and galloyl derivatives:鞣质及其没食子酰衍生物;Isoflavonoids:异黄酮类;Flavonoids:黄酮类;Fatty acids:脂肪酸类;Cyanogenic glucosides:生氰苷类;Alkaloids derived from tyrosine:酪氨酸衍生生物碱;Alkaloids derived from nicotinic acid:烟酸衍生生物碱;Alkaloids derived from lysine:赖氨酸衍生生物碱。 Fig.7 KEGG compound classification |
图8 油莎豆中化合物分类总纲Lipids and lipid-like molecules:脂质及类脂分子;Phenylpropanoids and polyketides:苯丙素类及聚酮类;Organic oxygen compounds:有机氧化合物;Organic acids and derivatives:有机酸及其衍生物;Organoheterocyclic compounds:有机杂环化合物;Benzenoids:苯系衍生物;Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues:核苷、核苷酸及其类似物;Organic nitrogen compounds:有机氮化合物;Alkaloids and derivatives:生物碱及其衍生物;Lignans, neolignans and related compounds:木脂素、新木脂素及相关化合物;Hydrocarbons:烃类化合物;Homogeneous non-metal compounds:均相非金属化合物。 Fig.8 Superclass of compounds taxonomy in Cyperus esculentus |
表2 油沙豆中的金合欢素、柚皮素、香叶木素、水飞蓟宾ATable 2 Acacetin, naringenin, diosmetin and silybin A in Cyperus esculentus |
| 项目 Items | 方式 Mode | 分子式 Formula | 总纲 Superclass | 化合物类别 Compound classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 金合欢素Acacetin | 正离子 | C16H12O5 | 苯丙素类和聚酮类 | 黄酮类化合物 |
| 柚皮素Naringenin | 正离子 | C15H12O5 | 苯丙素类和聚酮类 | 黄酮类化合物 |
| 香叶木素Diosmetin | 正离子 | C16H12O6 | 苯丙素类和聚酮类 | 黄酮类化合物 |
| 水飞蓟宾A Silybin A | 负离子 | C25H22O10 | 苯丙素类和聚酮类 | 黄酮类化合物 |

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