1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验材料
1.3 体外发酵试验
1.4 指标测定
1.4.1 常规养分含量
1.4.2 体外养分降解率
1.4.3 产气动力学参数
1.4.4 瘤胃发酵参数
1.5 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 不同粗饲料的常规养分含量比较
表1 不同粗饲料的常规养分含量比较Table 1 Comparison of conventional nutrient contents among different roughages |
| 项目Items | DM/% | OM/% DM | CP/% DM | NDF/% DM | ADF/% DM | EE/% DM | NSC/% DM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 燕麦草Oat hay | 88.20±0.05g | 84.54±0.12j | 14.42±0.09c | 34.67±0.32g | 18.64±0.34i | 2.13±0.16e | 33.33±0.12c |
| 苜蓿Alfalfa | 94.57±0.02cd | 89.90±0.06f | 25.46±0.22b | 29.70±1.51h | 21.77±0.77h | 3.22±0.03d | 31.53±0.06d |
| 白三叶草 White clover hay | 94.28±0.19de | 90.33±0.05ef | 25.58±0.09b | 21.38±0.44i | 13.62±0.31j | 3.31±0.06d | 40.05±0.05a |
| 构树Paper mulberry | 94.70±0.02c | 88.19±0.13h | 13.96±0.15c | 29.91±0.57h | 20.37±0.65hi | 4.94±0.08c | 39.38±0.13b |
| 花生秧Peanut vine | 93.98±0.16e | 88.97±0.16g | 6.02±0.20fg | 49.79±0.60e | 39.90±0.47d | 1.00±0.23gh | 32.16±0.16d |
| 当年水稻秸秆 Current-year rice straw | 94.61±0.11cd | 88.12±0.05h | 4.64±0.24h | 71.04±1.01b | 41.73±0.72cd | 1.29±0.03fg | 11.16±0.05j |
| 陈水稻秸秆 Aging rice straw | 93.55±0.02f | 88.13±0.01h | 8.49±0.04e | 65.09±0.49c | 34.96±0.37e | 1.52±0.11f | 13.03±0.01i |
| 油菜秸秆 Rape straw | 93.27±0.05f | 94.37±0.04b | 6.42±0.05f | 69.91±0.43b | 52.69±0.55a | 1.70±0.03ef | 16.35±0.04g |
| 玉米秸秆Maize straw | 94.27±0.31de | 96.34±0.04a | 5.23±0.23gh | 76.46±1.45a | 41.49±1.46cd | 0.63±0.03hi | 14.02±0.04h |
| 玉米秸秆青贮 Maize straw silage | 42.86±0.07i | 93.69±0.93c | 9.10±0.04de | 65.73±0.25c | 45.91±0.23b | 3.12±0.17d | 15.75±0.93g |
| 薏仁米糠Coix seed bran | 95.34±0.04b | 84.96±0.08j | 6.40±1.11f | 70.53±0.77b | 42.48±0.67c | 0.62±0.11hi | 7.40±0.08l |
| 新鲜酒糟 Fresh distillers’grains | 46.01±0.07h | 92.89±0.23d | 28.79±0.06a | 43.04±1.05f | 32.34±1.08f | 11.40±0.39a | 9.66±0.23k |
| 酒糟青贮 Distillers’grains silage | 46.09±0.14h | 90.83±0.03e | 26.40±0.05b | 34.89±0.54g | 25.08±0.44g | 8.79±0.19b | 20.76±0.03e |
| 蘑菇渣 Mushroom residue | 95.75±0.08a | 85.98±0.19i | 9.69±0.32d | 55.97±1.21d | 40.94±0.82cd | 0.29±0.11i | 20.03±0.19f |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
DM:干物质;OM:有机物;CP:粗蛋白质;NDF:中性洗涤纤维;ADF:酸性洗涤纤维;EE:粗脂肪;NSC:非结构性碳水化合物。下表和图同。 同列数据肩标相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。表2、表3和表4同。 | |
DM: dry matter; OM: organic matter; CP: crude protein; NDF: neutral detergent fiber; ADF: acid detergent fiber; EE: ether extract; NSC: non-structural carbohydrates. The same as below. In the same column, values with the same lowercase letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different lowercase letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. |
2.2 不同粗饲料的体外养分降解率比较
表2 不同粗饲料的体外养分降解率比较Table 2 Comparison of in vitro nutrient degradation rates among different roughages % |
| 项目Items | IVDDM96 h | IVDCP96 h | IVDNDF96 h | IVDADF96 h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 燕麦草Oat hay | 84.28±0.60a | 93.66±0.45a | 64.60±3.08a | 57.37±4.06a | |||||
| 苜蓿Alfalfa | 68.87±1.15c | 81.59±1.78bc | 41.88±2.37bc | 36.94±3.42c | |||||
| 白三叶草White clover hay | 83.39±2.29a | 86.72±1.96b | 61.10±2.57a | 55.55±3.04a | |||||
| 构树Paper mulberry | 75.87±0.86b | 83.49±1.13bc | 47.03±1.91b | 40.25±1.58c | |||||
| 花生秧Peanut vine | 60.48±2.82d | 69.37±2.51de | 30.63±1.11d | 29.25±1.15d | |||||
| 当年水稻秸秆Current-year rice straw | 51.42±2.54e | 65.60±0.65efg | 42.53±0.86b | 39.81±1.02c | |||||
| 陈水稻秸秆Aging rice straw | 42.79±1.47f | 64.13±1.58efg | 35.84±0.09cd | 27.86±0.25d | |||||
| 油菜秸秆Rape straw | 35.38±0.72g | 81.87±0.73bc | 16.43±0.71e | 16.41±0.66e | |||||
| 玉米秸秆Maize straw | 47.08±1.66ef | 62.24±4.76fg | 41.61±0.86bc | 38.24±1.25c | |||||
| 玉米秸秆青贮Maize straw silage | 57.53±2.53d | 79.59±1.53c | 47.15±2.59b | 48.77±2.13b | |||||
| 薏仁米糠Coix seed bran | 21.77±1.06h | 61.30±0.33g | 6.04±0.33f | 5.60±0.64f | |||||
| 新鲜酒糟Fresh distillers’grains | 45.34±0.55f | 62.66±0.26fg | 19.19±2.26e | 17.12±1.65e | |||||
| 酒糟青贮Distillers’grains silage | 60.46±0.92d | 67.57±1.91def | 21.63±1.39e | 20.12±1.71e | |||||
| 蘑菇渣Mushroom residue | 43.58±0.45f | 72.45±0.57d | 21.30±1.94e | 16.82±1.57e | |||||
| P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
IVDDM96 h:发酵96 h体外干物质降解率;IVDCP96 h:发酵96 h体外粗蛋白质降解率;IVDNDF96 h:发酵96 h体外中性洗涤纤维降解率;IVDADF96 h:发酵96 h体外酸性洗涤纤维降解率。下表和图同。 | |
IVDDM96 h: in vitro degradation rate of dry matter at fermentation of 96 h; IVDCP96 h: in vitro degradation rate of crude protein at fermentation of 96 h; IVDNDF96 h: in vitro degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber at fermentation of 96 h; IVDADF96 h: in vitro degradation rate of acid detergent fiber at fermentation of 96 h. The same as below. |
2.3 不同粗饲料的产气动力学参数比较
表3 不同粗饲料的产气动力学参数比较Table 3 Comparison of gas production kinetic parameters among different roughages |
| 项目Items | A/(mL/g DM) | b/(mL/h) | lag/h |
|---|---|---|---|
| 燕麦草Oat hay | 253.68±4.41a | 4.92±0.31b | -6.17±1.49g |
| 苜蓿Alfalfa | 213.34±7.14b | 4.19±0.14cde | -4.10±0.65fg |
| 白三叶草White clover hay | 245.42±5.80a | 5.54±0.17a | -5.88±0.61g |
| 构树Paper mulberry | 210.31±1.34b | 4.65±0.47bcd | 4.66±0.88b |
| 花生秧Peanut vine | 191.42±4.59c | 3.66±0.21e | -0.75±1.61de |
| 当年水稻秸秆Current-year rice straw | 177.94±0.00d | 3.71±0.00e | 10.86±0.00a |
| 陈水稻秸秆Aging rice straw | 191.24±1.34c | 2.49±0.12f | 4.86±0.41b |
| 油菜秸秆Rape straw | 98.33±3.24f | 1.85±0.22fg | 0.34±1.45cd |
| 玉米秸秆Maize straw | 187.83±0.53cd | 4.77±0.18bc | 9.01±0.95a |
| 玉米秸秆青贮Maize straw silage | 203.10±2.17b | 4.03±0.24de | -2.47±0.38ef |
| 薏仁米糠Coix seed bran | 44.68±0.75h | 1.00±0.07h | 6.52±0.58b |
| 新鲜酒糟Fresh distillers’grains | 92.91±1.83fg | 1.86±0.02fg | 2.05±0.45c |
| 酒糟青贮Distillers’grains silage | 120.91±8.43e | 2.10±0.10fg | -3.14±0.38ef |
| 蘑菇渣Mushroom residue | 82.18±2.49g | 1.47±0.08gh | 5.50±0.16b |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
A:理论最大产气量;b:产气速率;lag:产气延滞时间。下表和图同。 | |
A: theoretical maximum gas production; b: the rate of gas production; lag: lag time of gas production. The same as below. |
2.4 不同粗饲料的瘤胃发酵参数比较
表4 不同粗饲料的瘤胃发酵参数比较Table 4 Comparison of rumen fermentation parameters among different roughages |
| 项目 Items | pH | NH3-N/ (mg/dL) | MCP/ (mg/dL) | AA+PA+ BA/ (mmol/L) | AA/ (mmol/L) | PA/ (mmol/L) | BA/ (mmol/L) | A∶P | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 燕麦草 Oat hay | 6.92 ±0.01h | 14.11 ±0.91abc | 24.64 ±1.32b | 38.58 ±4.27bc | 26.22 ±2.88b | 7.61 ±0.87abc | 4.75 ±0.54bc | 3.46 ±0.03f | ||||||||
| 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 6.97 ±0.00fg | 17.70 ±2.09a | 17.89 ±0.86def | 47.47 ±2.43a | 36.97 ±2.02a | 7.13 ±0.31bcde | 3.37 ±0.15d | 5.18 ±0.17ab | ||||||||
| 白三叶草 White clover hay | 6.98 ±0.01efg | 16.71 ±1.41a | 17.47 ±0.76def | 44.93 ±3.22ab | 32.95 ±2.35a | 8.17 ±0.62abc | 3.81 ±0.41cd | 4.04 ±0.12e | ||||||||
| 构树 Paper mulberry | 6.96 ±0.01g | 7.93 ±0.86de | 18.35 ±1.15def | 32.33 ±1.32cd | 21.48 ±0.98bcd | 7.35 ±0.35abcd | 3.50 ±0.14d | 2.93 ±0.07g | ||||||||
| 花生秧 Peanut vine | 6.98 ±0.01efg | 7.74 ±1.79de | 21.81 ±1.52bcd | 34.05 ±4.84cd | 26.45 ±4.07b | 5.60 ±0.61ef | 2.00 ±0.16e | 4.68 ±0.22cd | ||||||||
| 当年水稻秸秆 Current-year rice straw | 7.05 ±0.01bc | 10.39 ±1.11bcde | 23.14 ±0.24bc | 31.81 ±1.78cd | 20.41 ±1.42bcde | 4.83 ±0.20fg | 6.57 ±0.32a | 4.22 ±0.17de | ||||||||
| 陈水稻秸秆 Aging rice straw | 7.04 ±0.03bc | 9.60 ±1.43cde | 20.72 ±0.41bcde | 34.59 ±4.34cd | 24.31 ±3.22bc | 6.46 ±0.87cdef | 3.83 ±0.39cd | 3.77 ±0.02ef | ||||||||
| 油菜秸秆 Rape straw | 7.09 ±0.02a | 13.16 ±1.48abcd | 21.69 ±1.38bcd | 28.72 ±1.18def | 22.02 ±0.81bcd | 4.86 ±0.47fg | 1.84 ±0.35e | 4.63 ±0.38cd | ||||||||
| 玉米秸秆 Maize straw | 7.00 ±0.02def | 13.33 ±0.72abcd | 24.88 ±3.12b | 28.20 ±3.05def | 17.74 ±2.04def | 3.72 ±0.42gh | 6.74 ±0.69a | 4.77 ±0.19bc | ||||||||
| 玉米秸秆青贮 Maize straw silage | 6.96 ±0.01fg | 7.03 ±2.87e | 20.15 ±0.42cde | 36.29 ±2.25cd | 22.23 ±1.14bcd | 9.07 ±0.74a | 4.99 ±0.61b | 2.47 ±0.09gh | ||||||||
| 薏仁米糠 Coix seed bran | 7.08 ±0.01ab | 11.12 ±1.67bcde | 19.47 ±1.03cde | 16.44 ±1.06g | 12.98 ±0.85f | 2.44 ±0.16h | 1.02 ±0.07e | 5.32 ±0.04a | ||||||||
| 新鲜酒糟 Fresh distillers’grains | 7.04 ±0.00bc | 15.24 ±2.98ab | 16.83 ±2.20ef | 21.14 ±1.75fg | 14.65 ±1.23ef | 5.67 ±0.45def | 0.82 ±0.09e | 2.58 ±0.05gh | ||||||||
| 酒糟青贮 Distillers’grains silage | 7.01 ±0.00cde | 9.52 ±1.42cde | 14.76 ±0.71f | 30.20 ±1.51cde | 19.39 ±0.77cde | 8.85 ±0.71ab | 1.96 ±0.05e | 2.21 ±0.10h | ||||||||
| 蘑菇渣 Mushroom residue | 7.04 ±0.01bcd | 7.46 ±0.94e | 30.21 ±0.61a | 22.97 ±1.00efg | 18.08 ±0.79cdef | 3.48 ±0.21gh | 1.42 ±0.02e | 5.22 ±0.15ab | ||||||||
| P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
NH3-N:氨态氮;MCP:微生物蛋白;AA+PA+BA:乙酸+丙酸+丁酸;AA:乙酸;PA:丙酸;BA:丁酸;A∶P:乙酸与丙酸的比值。下表和图同。 | |
NH3-N: ammonia N; MCP: microbial protein; AA+PA+BA: acetic acid+propionic acid+butyric acid; AA: acetic acid; PA: propionic acid; BA: butyric acid; A∶P: acetate to propionate ratio. The same as below. |
2.5 粗饲料常规养分含量与体外养分降解率、产气动力学参数和瘤胃发酵参数的相关性分析
2.6 基于常规养分含量的粗饲料体外养分降解率和A的预测方程
表5 基于常规养分含量建立的体外养分降解率和理论最大产气量的预测方程Table 5 Prediction equations for in vitro nutrient degradation rates and theoretical maximum gas production using conventional nutrient contents |
| 项目 Items | 预测方程 Prediction equation | 决定系数 R2 | 调整后决定系数 Adjusted R2 | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVDDM96 h | IVDDM96 h=24.434+1.410NSC | 0.769 | 0.749 | <0.001 |
| IVDDM96 h=53.199+0.974NSC-0.5603ADF | 0.825 | 0.790 | <0.001 | |
| IVDDM96 h=47.787+2.591NSC-0.037NSC2-0.778ADF | 0.846 | 0.794 | <0.001 | |
IVDCP96 h | IVDCP96 h=58.795+0.706NSC | 0.584 | 0.546 | 0.005 |
| IVDCP96 h=114.104+2.328NSC-0.045NSC2-3.857ADF+0.053ADF2 | 0.874 | 0.810 | 0.011 | |
| IVDNDF96 h | IVDNDF96 h=69.478-0.958ADF | 0.445 | 0.395 | 0.040 |
| IVDNDF96 h=46.819+0.482NSC-0.604ADF | 0.491 | 0.389 | 0.031 | |
| IVDNDF96 h=97.315-0.928CP-1.427ADF | 0.548 | 0.457 | 0.036 | |
| IVDADF96 h | IVDADF96 h=33.926+0.735NSC2 | 0.363 | 0.310 | 0.047 |
| A | A=287.312-3.452ADF | 0.393 | 0.338 | 0.049 |
| A=80.779+3.882NSC2 | 0.452 | 0.406 | 0.020 | |
| A=52.037+7.342NSC-0.072NSC2 | 0.472 | 0.366 | 0.024 | |
| A=400.732-3.780CP-5.363ADF | 0.509 | 0.411 | 0.046 |

京公网安备 11010802041926号