微生物群移植在反刍动物中的研究与应用进展
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陈 如(2001—),女,河北张家口人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物营养研究。E-mail: 18232301681@163.com |
Office editor: 陈燕
收稿日期: 2025-09-24
网络出版日期: 2026-04-14
基金资助
2023年科技发展基金(2034198005)
Research and Application Progress of Microbiota Transplantation in Ruminants
Received date: 2025-09-24
Online published: 2026-04-14
胃肠道微生物群作为反刍动物消化代谢的核心,易受到饲料组成、饲养环境及抗生素暴露等因素影响,导致微生物群紊乱,进而诱发宿主消化障碍,并导致其生长性能下降。在反刍动物微生物群紊乱程度较重或传统调控手段效果有限的情况下,微生物群移植(包括瘤胃液移植与粪菌移植)可通过重建机体微生态平衡,成为调控反刍动物健康的重要策略。本文系统阐述了微生物群移植对机体微生物群的作用机制,具体包括微生物竞争性排斥、瘤胃发酵与营养代谢优化、代谢物介导的跨器官调控,并综述了微生物群移植在缓解瘤胃酸中毒、改善幼龄反刍动物腹泻及提高营养物质代谢效率中的应用效果,为反刍动物健康养殖提供了新路径。
陈如 , 王佳欣 , 周中强 , 李艳玲 . 微生物群移植在反刍动物中的研究与应用进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2026 , 38(4) : 2501 -2510 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2026.201
The gastrointestinal microbiota, central to digestion and metabolism in ruminants, is susceptible to dysbiosis induced by factors such as dietary composition, rearing environment, and antibiotic exposure. This dysbiosis can lead to host digestive disorders and reduced growth performance. In cases of severe microbial imbalance or when conventional modulation strategies prove insufficient, microbiota transplantation (including rumen fluid transplantation and fecal microbiota transplantation) has emerged as a pivotal strategy for restoring microecological homeostasis and regulating ruminant health. This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms by which microbiota transplantation modulates the host microbiota, encompassing competitive exclusion of microorganisms, optimization of rumen fermentation and nutrient metabolism, and metabolite-mediated cross-organ regulation. Furthermore, it summarizes the efficacy of microbiota transplantation in alleviating rumen acidosis, improving diarrhea in young ruminants, and enhancing nutrient metabolic efficiency. It provides a novel approach for advancing healthy breeding practices in ruminants.
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