1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物及饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 35.56 |
| 干草Hay | 12.93 |
| 玉米Corn | 27.78 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 6.06 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 4.95 |
| 麸皮Bran | 3.64 |
| 干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS | 5.05 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.51 |
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 1.00 |
| 氧化镁MgO | 0.51 |
| 碳酸氢钙Ca(HCO3)2 | 0.51 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 综合净能NEmf/(MJ/kg) | 7.31 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 11.91 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 36.31 |
| 酸洗洗涤纤维ADF | 21.72 |
| 钙Ca | 0.64 |
| 磷P | 0.37 |
1.2 试验设计
1.3 样品采集与处理
1.4 指标测定方法
1.4.1 营养物质表观消化率的测定
1.4.2 血清生化和激素指标的测定
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 RFI对不同品种育肥牛生长性能的影响
表2 RFI对不同品种育肥牛生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of RFI on growth performance of different breeds of finishing cattle |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 主效应分析Main effect analysis | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XM-L | XM-H | HS-L | HS-H | Breed | RFI | Breed | RFI | Breed× RFI | |||||||||
| XM | HS | L | H | ||||||||||||||
| 初重IW/kg | 657.00±26.26 | 644.50±50.16 | 636.50±35.75 | 630.00±37.63 | 650.75±37.66 | 633.25±34.16 | 646.75±31.04 | 637.25±41.77 | 0.380 | 0.630 | 0.878 | ||||||
| 末重FW/kg | 813.50±64.13 | 806.50±37.71 | 800.00±41.98 | 779.50±35.27 | 810.00±48.85 | 789.75±37.53 | 806.75±50.70 | 793.00±36.75 | 0.398 | 0.563 | 0.775 | ||||||
| 中期代谢体重 MBW/kg | 141.16±6.41 | 139.76±6.26 | 138.71±5.49 | 136.76±4.86 | 140.46±5.91 | 137.74±4.91 | 139.94±5.68 | 138.26±5.43 | 0.366 | 0.573 | 0.926 | ||||||
| 干物质采食量 DMI/(kg/d) | 12.71±1.20b | 14.61±0.62a | 12.70±0.70b | 14.96±0.32a | 13.66±1.35 | 13.83±1.31 | 12.71±0.91b | 14.78±0.49a | 0.667 | <0.001 | 0.649 | ||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/(kg/d) | 1.15±0.31 | 1.19±0.12 | 1.20±0.14 | 1.10±0.22 | 1.17±0.22 | 1.15±0.18 | 1.18±0.22 | 1.15±0.17 | 0.853 | 0.781 | 0.520 | ||||||
| 料重比F/G | 11.57±2.72 | 12.39±1.70 | 10.62±0.72 | 13.97±2.44 | 11.98±2.15 | 12.30±2.44 | 11.10±1.91 | 13.18±2.12 | 0.763 | 0.065 | 0.242 | ||||||
| 剩余采食量RFI/kg | -1.11±0.98b | 0.74±0.75a | -1.12±0.64b | 1.19±0.25a | -0.18±1.28 | 0.04±1.31 | -1.11±0.77b | 0.97±0.57a | 0.540 | <0.001 | 0.522 | ||||||
Breed:品种;XM:西门塔尔公牛;HS:荷斯坦奶公牛;RFI:剩余采食量;L:低;H:高。同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
Breed: breed; XM: Simmental bulls; HS: Holstein dairy bulls; RFI: residual feed intake; L: low; H: high. In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 RFI对不同品种育肥牛营养物质表观消化率的影响
表3 RFI对不同品种育肥牛营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of RFI on nutrient apparent digestibility of different breeds of finishing cattle % |
| 项目 Items | 体重阶段 Weight stages/kg | 组别Groups | 主效应分析Main effect analysis | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XM-L | XM-H | HS-L | HS-H | Breed | RFI | Breed | RFI | Breed× RFI | ||||||||||
| XM | HS | L | H | |||||||||||||||
干物质 DM | 620~670 | 62.83±9.28a | 60.98±8.35a | 54.96±8.88b | 48.79±6.63b | 61.91±8.74a | 51.87±8.13b | 58.89±9.83 | 54.88±9.60 | 0.009 | 0.261 | 0.541 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 67.99±3.08a | 66.15±5.58a | 56.17±4.66b | 52.59±3.91b | 67.07±4.40a | 54.38±4.51b | 62.08±7.23 | 59.37±8.44 | <0.001 | 0.146 | 0.653 | |||||||
粗蛋白质 CP | 620~670 | 76.12±6.68 | 75.16±4.22 | 68.12±5.18 | 70.02±8.80 | 75.64±5.35a | 69.07±6.96b | 72.12±7.06 | 72.59±7.11 | 0.022 | 0.861 | 0.594 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 81.97±1.91a | 81.12±3.52a | 73.48±1.36b | 70.42±2.29c | 81.55±2.74a | 71.95±2.40b | 77.73±4.70 | 75.77±6.26 | <0.001 | 0.061 | 0.273 | |||||||
粗脂肪 EE | 620~670 | 97.71±1.29 | 97.74±1.52 | 92.74±4.05 | 95.28±5.97 | 97.72±1.34a | 94.01±5.04b | 95.23±3.87 | 96.51±4.35 | 0.025 | 0.412 | 0.420 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 94.22±1.09 | 94.29±1.88 | 95.60±1.52 | 94.93±3.19 | 94.26±1.46 | 95.27±2.41 | 94.91±1.45 | 94.61±2.52 | 0.247 | 0.732 | 0.667 | |||||||
中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 620~670 | 55.11±2.22a | 56.15±2.91a | 47.61±7.68b | 45.68±6.72b | 55.63±2.52a | 46.64±6.95b | 51.36±6.66 | 50.91±7.37 | <0.001 | 0.843 | 0.510 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 61.27±1.61a | 59.66±1.67a | 56.23±2.55b | 51.08±4.01c | 60.46±1.78a | 53.65±4.18b | 58.75±3.32a | 55.37±5.36b | <0.001 | 0.005 | 0.115 | |||||||
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 620~670 | 43.51±2.51a | 42.81±3.03a | 38.58±4.14b | 38.40±2.80b | 43.16±2.68a | 38.49±3.37b | 41.05±4.16 | 40.61±3.61 | 0.002 | 0.739 | 0.845 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 49.31±3.07a | 47.94±2.86a | 43.39±4.18b | 41.25±2.97b | 48.63±2.92a | 42.32±3.63b | 46.35±4.67 | 44.60±4.46 | <0.001 | 0.209 | 0.779 | |||||||
2.3 RFI对不同品种育肥牛血清生化指标的影响
表4 RFI对不同品种育肥牛血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of RFI on serum biochemical parameters of different breeds of finishing cattle |
| 项目 Items | 体重阶段 Weight stages/kg | 组别Groups | 主效应分析Main effect analysis | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XM-L | XM-H | HS-L | HS-H | Breed | RFI | Breed | RFI | Breed× RFI | ||||||||||
| XM | HS | L | H | |||||||||||||||
葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 620~670 | 3.97±0.47 | 4.04±0.49 | 4.20±0.46 | 4.72±0.66 | 4.01±0.45 | 4.46±0.60 | 4.08±0.45 | 4.38±0.65 | 0.074 | 0.221 | 0.344 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 2.53±0.24c | 2.64±0.25c | 2.94±0.08b | 3.27±0.24a | 2.58±0.24b | 3.10±0.24a | 2.73±0.27b | 2.95±0.41a | <0.001 | 0.035 | 0.248 | |||||||
甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 620~670 | 0.33±0.03 | 0.35±0.03 | 0.33±0.03 | 0.34±0.02 | 0.34±0.03 | 0.34±0.02 | 0.33±0.02 | 0.35±0.03 | 0.802 | 0.221 | 0.933 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 0.36±0.04 | 0.39±0.09 | 0.35±0.02 | 0.38±0.06 | 0.37±0.07 | 0.36±0.04 | 0.35±0.03 | 0.39±0.07 | 0.676 | 0.220 | 0.970 | |||||||
总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 620~670 | 2.93±0.83 | 2.86±0.73 | 3.17±0.70 | 3.52±1.11 | 2.89±0.74 | 3.34±0.89 | 3.05±0.73 | 3.19±0.95 | 0.254 | 0.716 | 0.585 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 2.87±1.11 | 2.90±0.49 | 3.29±1.08 | 3.24±0.82 | 2.89±0.81 | 3.26±0.90 | 3.08±1.05 | 3.07±0.66 | 0.367 | 0.986 | 0.925 | |||||||
游离脂肪酸 FFA/(mmol/L) | 620~670 | 0.43±0.07 | 0.41±0.07 | 0.46±0.08 | 0.40±0.05 | 0.42±0.07 | 0.43±0.07 | 0.45±0.07 | 0.40±0.06 | 0.775 | 0.183 | 0.590 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 0.38±0.04a | 0.33±0.04b | 0.37±0.04a | 0.30±0.02b | 0.36±0.05 | 0.34±0.05 | 0.38±0.04a | 0.32±0.03b | 0.348 | 0.001 | 0.721 | |||||||
总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 620~670 | 88.67±6.24 | 85.79±7.77 | 83.07±8.29 | 84.31±6.71 | 87.23±6.81 | 83.69±7.14 | 85.87±7.52 | 85.05±6.89 | 0.294 | 0.805 | 0.536 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 95.80±3.81 | 92.86±3.12 | 93.86±1.75 | 91.99±3.57 | 94.33±3.63 | 92.93±2.83 | 94.83±2.97 | 92.43±3.19 | 0.335 | 0.108 | 0.713 | |||||||
尿素氮 UN/(mmol/L) | 620~670 | 6.14±0.62 | 6.16±0.59 | 6.58±1.05 | 6.36±0.91 | 6.15±0.57 | 6.47±0.93 | 6.36±0.85 | 6.26±0.73 | 0.390 | 0.800 | 0.750 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 6.83±0.31 | 6.70±0.59 | 6.91±0.95 | 7.02±0.53 | 6.77±0.45 | 6.97±0.73 | 6.87±0.67 | 6.86±0.56 | 0.497 | 0.975 | 0.678 | |||||||
2.4 RFI对不同品种育肥牛血清激素指标的影响
表5 RFI对不同品种育肥牛血清激素指标的影响Table 5 Effects of RFI on serum hormone parameters of different breeds of finishing cattle |
| 项目 Items | 体重阶段 Weight stages/kg | 组别Groups | 主效应分析Main effect analysis | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XM-L | XM-H | HS-L | HS-H | Breed | RFI | Breed | RFI | Bred× RFI | ||||||||||
| XM | HS | L | H | |||||||||||||||
胰岛素 INS/(mIU/L) | 620~670 | 25.22±1.36 | 26.15±1.13 | 26.57±1.29 | 26.83±1.13 | 25.69±1.28 | 26.70±1.15 | 25.89±1.44 | 26.49±1.12 | 0.085 | 0.295 | 0.545 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 23.61±0.94b | 23.90±0.55b | 25.29±0.97a | 25.52±1.30a | 23.76±0.75b | 25.41±1.09a | 24.45±1.27 | 24.71±1.27 | 0.002 | 0.566 | 0.935 | |||||||
瘦素 LEP/(μg/L) | 620~670 | 11.06±1.02 | 10.55±0.71 | 11.08±0.57 | 10.45±0.70 | 10.81±0.87 | 10.77±0.69 | 11.07±0.78 | 10.50±0.67 | 0.913 | 0.116 | 0.863 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 10.21±0.45a | 9.51±0.50b | 10.18±0.54a | 9.32±0.40b | 9.86±0.58 | 9.75±0.63 | 10.20±0.46a | 9.42±0.44b | 0.606 | 0.002 | 0.699 | |||||||
胆囊收缩素 CCK/(ng/mL) | 620~670 | 0.26±0.03 | 0.24±0.04 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.23±0.03 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.24±0.03 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.24±0.03 | 0.564 | 0.203 | 0.885 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 0.21±0.03 | 0.21±0.04 | 0.23±0.02 | 0.21±0.02 | 0.21±0.03 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.21±0.03 | 0.700 | 0.400 | 0.490 | |||||||
促肾上腺皮质激素 ACTH/(pg/mL) | 620~670 | 51.87±1.25 | 52.78±1.25 | 51.47±2.05 | 52.06±1.38 | 52.33±1.27 | 51.76±1.67 | 51.67±1.61 | 52.42±1.30 | 0.420 | 0.290 | 0.815 | ||||||
| 780~830 | 57.19±1.61 | 57.25±2.12 | 56.54±1.04 | 57.21±1.56 | 57.22±1.77 | 56.88±1.30 | 56.87±1.32 | 57.23±1.75 | 0.640 | 0.622 | 0.680 | |||||||

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