1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 精氨酸水平 Arginine level/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.58 | 1.18 | ||
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 玉米 Corn | 60.00 | 60.00 | |
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal | 16.50 | 16.50 | |
| 小麦 Wheat | 15.50 | 15.50 | |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 1.40 | 1.40 | |
| 磷酸二氢钙 Ca(H2PO4)2 | 3.50 | 3.50 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.40 | 0.40 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lysine (79.2%) | 0.82 | 0.82 | |
| 精氨酸 Arginine (98.5%) | 0.61 | ||
| 色氨酸 Tryptophan (98.5%) | 0.08 | 0.08 | |
| 沸石粉 Zeolite powder | 0.80 | 0.19 | |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 18.12 | 18.64 | |
| 粗纤维 Crude fibre | 1.89 | 1.65 | |
| 粗灰分 Crude ash | 4.77 | 4.41 | |
| 粗脂肪 Crude lipid | 4.25 | 4.65 | |
| 代谢能 Metabolic energy/(MJ/kg) | 12.80 | 12.80 | |
| 钙 Calcium | 0.82 | 0.76 | |
| 总磷 Total phosphorus | 0.96 | 0.94 | |
| 苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine | 0.94 | 0.93 | |
| 蛋氨酸 Methionine | 0.35 | 0.38 | |
| 半胱氨酸 Cystine | 0.42 | 0.41 | |
| 精氨酸 Arginine | 0.60 | 1.10 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lysine | 0.91 | 0.94 | |
| 酪氨酸 Tyrosine | 0.74 | 0.73 | |
| 亮氨酸 Leucine | 2.28 | 2.27 | |
| 色氨酸 Tryptophan | 0.15 | 0.14 | |
| 苏氨酸 Threonine | 0.60 | 0.58 | |
| 缬氨酸 Valine | 0.84 | 0.85 | |
| 异亮氨酸 Isoleucine | 0.32 | 0.32 | |
| 组氨酸 Histidine | 0.42 | 0.41 | |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 14 200 IU,VD 3 300 IU,VE 22.50 mg,VK 3.90 mg,VB1 3.00 mg,VB2 9.60 mg,VB6 6.00 mg,烟酸 niacin 60.00 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 18.00 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.50 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,生物素 biotin 0.06 mg,Cu 6.00 mg,Fe 60.00 mg,Zn 58.00 mg,Mn 65.00 mg,I 0.35 mg,Se 0.24 mg。 | |
2)代谢能为计算值,其他营养水平为实测值。Metabolic energy was a calculated value, while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 样品采集及指标测定
1.3.1 饲粮营养成分
1.3.2 种鸽回肠形态
1.3.3 种鸽卵泡发育指标
1.3.4 种鸽血浆、回肠、卵巢和肝脏生化指标
1.4 数据分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期种鸽回肠形态的影响
图1 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期种鸽回肠形态的影响A:回肠隐窝深度双因素分析;B:回肠绒毛长度双因素分析;C:回肠绒隐比双因素分析;D:回肠HE染色切片观察(100×)。a:性别;b:精氨酸水平;a×b:交互作用。 Fig.1 Effects of dietary arginine level on ileal morphology of breeding pigeons during lactation A: two-factor analysis of ileal crypt depth; B: two-factor analysis of ileal villus length; C: two-factor analysis of ileal villus length/crypt depth; D: observation of ileal HE staining sections (100×). a: gender; b: arginine level; a×b: interaction. |
2.2 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期雌鸽卵泡发育指标的影响
表2 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期雌鸽卵泡发育指标的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary arginine level on follicular development indexes of female pigeons during lactation (n=6) |
| 项目 Items | 精氨酸水平 Arginine level/% | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.58 | 1.18 | ||
| 卵巢重 Ovary weight/g | 0.82±0.41 | 0.74±0.28 | 0.679 |
| 黄卵泡数量 Number of yellow follicles/个 | 0.67±0.52 | 0.67±0.52 | 1.000 |
| 白卵泡数量 Number of white follicles/个 | 10.50±4.93 | 9.00±2.97 | 0.537 |
| 白卵泡平均直径 White follicle average diameter/mm | 2.95±0.75 | 3.08±0.39 | 0.718 |
2.3 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期鸽回肠生化指标的影响
表3 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期种鸽回肠生化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary arginine level on ileal biochemical indexes of breeding pigeons during lactation (n=6) |
| 项目 Items | 精氨酸水平 Arginine level/% | P值 P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.58 | 1.18 | 精氨 酸水平 Arginine level | 性别 Gender | 精氨酸水 平×性别 Arginine level× gender | |||||
| 雄 Male | 雌 Female | 雄 Male | 雌 Female | ||||||
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 1.04±0.43 | 0.37±0.27 | 1.08±0.21 | 0.40±0.11 | 0.826 | 0.003 | 0.959 | ||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.75±0.45 | 0.74±0.28 | 0.59±0.30 | 0.57±0.23 | 0.325 | 0.928 | 0.954 | ||
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 344.15±70.85 | 279.98±30.95 | 240.62±38.95 | 173.49±46.85 | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.948 | ||
| 过氧化氢 H2O2/(mmol/mg prot) | 7.59±2.16 | 4.61±1.67 | 4.79±1.14 | 2.08±0.59 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.872 | ||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 29.79±13.46b | 18.26±5.60b | 88.08±23.15a | 25.50±3.64b | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.005 | ||
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
Values in the same row with different lowercase letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.4 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期种鸽血浆生化指标的影响
表4 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期种鸽血浆生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary arginine level on plasma biochemical indexes of breeding pigeons during lactation (n=6) |
| 项目 Items | 精氨酸水平 Arginine level/% | P值 P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.58 | 1.18 | 精氨 酸水平 Arginine level | 性别 Gender | 精氨酸水 平×性别 Arginine level× gender | |||||
| 雄 Male | 雌 Female | 雄 Male | 雌 Female | ||||||
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 63.57±21.05 | 70.14±7.28 | 64.89±15.98 | 73.11±12.84 | 0.732 | 0.245 | 0.895 | ||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 2.17±0.51 | 2.23±0.58 | 2.20±0.43 | 1.77±0.42 | 0.290 | 0.360 | 0.242 | ||
| 过氧化氢 H2O2/(mmol/mL) | 92.91±20.81 | 103.81±34.90 | 100.74±34.14 | 74.24±21.96 | 0.365 | 0.513 | 0.126 | ||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/L) | 1.26±0.60 | 2.29±0.56 | 2.52±0.66 | 2.72±0.76 | 0.004 | 0.031 | 0.129 | ||
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 3.69±0.27b | 5.11±1.82a | 4.86±1.17a | 3.72±0.64b | 0.812 | 0.768 | 0.012 | ||
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 13.69±3.62 | 13.02±4.59 | 15.38±8.20 | 15.29±7.92 | 0.458 | 0.885 | 0.911 | ||
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 2.55±0.76 | 4.74±1.61 | 1.14±0.27 | 4.17±0.57 | 0.058 | 0.001 | 0.339 | ||
| 总胆固醇 T-CHO/(mmol/L) | 6.49±1.38 | 5.75±1.14 | 6.84±1.34 | 5.16±0.64 | 0.796 | 0.019 | 0.330 | ||
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 0.92±0.19 | 1.00±0.35 | 0.58±0.11 | 1.23±0.42 | 0.721 | 0.030 | 0.078 | ||
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 12.56±2.86 | 11.01±4.50 | 11.61±2.46 | 8.10±3.45 | 0.180 | 0.084 | 0.492 | ||
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 31.63±8.56 | 30.89±5.72 | 39.68±5.91 | 38.48±4.72 | 0.007 | 0.714 | 0.931 | ||
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 14.16±3.05 | 14.51±4.13 | 15.99±1.70 | 13.95±1.23 | 0.582 | 0.463 | 0.302 | ||
| 尿素氮 UN/(mmol/L) | 18.69±7.70 | 17.40±7.75 | 30.16±13.48 | 27.91±9.34 | 0.016 | 0.675 | 0.908 | ||
| 尿酸 UA/(mmol/L) | 77.36±15.81 | 69.96±15.85 | 68.58±12.78 | 57.91±9.69 | 0.079 | 0.124 | 0.774 | ||
2.5 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期种鸽肝脏生化指标的影响
表5 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期种鸽肝脏生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary arginine level on liver biochemical indexes of breeding pigeons during lactation (n=6) |
| 项目 Items | 精氨酸水平 Arginine level/% | P值 P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.58 | 1.18 | 精氨 酸水平 Arginine level | 性别 Gender | 精氨酸水 平×性别 Arginine level× gender | |||||
| 雄 Male | 雌 Female | 雄 Male | 雌 Female | ||||||
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 1.72±1.13 | 2.08±0.66 | 2.16±0.69 | 2.15±0.74 | 0.463 | 0.603 | 0.591 | ||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.27±0.08 | 0.41±0.11 | 0.42±0.16 | 0.43±0.18 | 0.129 | 0.197 | 0.242 | ||
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 3.04±0.23 | 3.01±0.61 | 3.16±0.42 | 3.42±0.46 | 0.176 | 0.546 | 0.447 | ||
| 过氧化氢 H2O2/(mmol/mg prot) | 2.73±1.07 | 3.74±0.93 | 3.42±1.60 | 3.43±1.38 | 0.722 | 0.355 | 0.359 | ||
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 409.05±49.06 | 440.19±77.92 | 407.78±33.40 | 431.00±46.28 | 0.815 | 0.233 | 0.860 | ||
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/kg prot) | 2.26±1.89 | 1.38±0.75 | 1.42±0.94 | 0.83±0.24 | 0.146 | 0.124 | 0.758 | ||
| 总胆固醇 T-CHO/(mmol/mg prot) | 0.02±0.01 | 0.02±0.02 | 0.01±0.01 | 0.01±0.01 | 0.083 | 0.670 | 0.318 | ||
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/mg prot) | 0.09±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.10±0.02 | 0.07±0.01 | 0.427 | 0.076 | 0.064 | ||
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/kg prot) | 12.08±1.46 | 10.98±2.51 | 11.02±2.41 | 12.81±1.47 | 0.645 | 0.682 | 0.096 | ||
2.6 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期雌鸽卵巢生化指标的影响
表6 饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳期雌鸽卵巢生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary arginine level on ovary biochemical indexes of female pigeons during lactation (n=6) |
| 项目 Items | 精氨酸水平 Arginine level/% | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.58 | 1.18 | ||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(nmol/mg prot) | 1.70±0.37 | 3.17±1.49 | 0.060 |
| 过氧化氢 H2O2/(mmol/mg prot) | 0.71±0.08 | 0.73±0.24 | 0.829 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 11.42±3.01 | 14.84±3.76 | 0.172 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.77±0.46 | 0.74±0.42 | 0.911 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 353.64±120.17 | 357.95±110.18 | 0.950 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/kg prot) | 0.48±0.20 | 0.33±0.19 | 0.208 |
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/kg prot) | 2.40±0.83 | 2.37±0.83 | 0.950 |
| 总胆固醇 T-CHO/(mmol/mg prot) | 0.10±0.03 | 0.04±0.02 | 0.052 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/mg prot) | 0.06±0.03 | 0.03±0.02 | 0.085 |

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