1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 AHC系统
1.3 试验设计
1.4 饲养管理
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of thediet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 酒糟混谷壳 Distillers grains mixed with husks | 68.00 |
| 稻草 Rice straw | 13.00 |
| 精料补充料 Concentrate supplement1) | 19.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 总能 GE/(MJ/kg) | 16.52 |
| 有机物 OM | 91.20 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 10.70 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 1.30 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 54.70 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 37.30 |
1)精料补充料由玉米、豆粕、麸皮、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、多种微量元素和多种维生素等配制而成,其营养水平为粗蛋白质≥17.0%、粗纤维≤15.0%、粗灰分≤20.0%、赖氨酸≥0.4%、钙0.5%~2.0%、氯化钠0.5%~2.0%、总磷≥0.4%、水分≤13%。Concentrate supplement was formulated from corn, soybean meal, bran, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, various trace elements and vitamins. Its nutritional levels were as follows: CP≥17.0%, CF≤15.0%, Ash≤20.0%, Lys≥ 0.4%, Ca 0.5%~2.0%, NaCl 0.5%~2.0%, TP≥0.4% and moisture ≤13%. | |
2)营养水平均为实测值。Nutrient values were measured values. |
1.5 测定指标及方法
1.5.1 饲粮营养成分测定
1.5.2 采食量测定
1.5.3 肉牛瘤胃甲烷排放量测定和嗳气的峰形特征分析
w(mg CH4/peak)=
ΔWk (g)=Rk×Δt;
Δt(s)=tk-t(k-1)。
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同品种对肉牛瘤胃甲烷排放量和排放速率的影响
表2 不同品种对肉牛瘤胃甲烷排放量和排放速率的影响Table 2 Effects of different breeds on ruminal CH4 emission and emission rate in beef cattle |
| 项目 Items | 利木赞肉牛 Limousin beef cattle | 杂交牛 Crossbred cattle | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质采食量 Dry matter intake/(kg/d) | 6.23 | 6.15 | 0.039 | 0.705 |
| 甲烷日排放量 Daily CH4 emission/(g/d) | 209.95 | 215.23 | 2.640 | 0.695 |
| 采食每千克干物质甲烷排放量 CH4 emission per kg of dry matter intake/(g/kg) | 34.62 | 35.98 | 0.682 | 0.326 |
| 甲烷排放速率 Rate of CH4 emission/(g/h) | ||||
| 平均值 Mean | 8.75 | 8.97 | 0.110 | 0.695 |
| 最大值 Maximum | 12.18 | 12.23 | 0.025 | 0.950 |
| 最小值 Minimum | 5.31 | 6.27 | 0.480 | 0.094 |
| 中位值 Median | 8.47 | 8.66 | 0.095 | 0.750 |
同行数据肩标无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). |
2.2 不同时间点肉牛瘤胃甲烷的排放规律及嗳气峰形特征分析
表3 不同时间点和品种对肉牛嗳气峰形特征的影响Table 3 Effects of different time points and breeds on peak shape characteristics of rumen CH4 in beef cattle |
| 项目 Items | 波峰面积 Peak area/(mg CH4/peak) | 波峰频率 Peak frequency/ (peaks/min) | 波峰持续时间 Peak duration/s | 波峰高度 Peak height/ (μL/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 时间点 Time points | ||||
| 01:00 | 230.50ab | 0.65c | 93.88a | 230.44cd |
| 04:00 | 183.50cd | 0.67bc | 93.85a | 195.44d |
| 07:00 | 157.63d | 0.74ab | 84.09ab | 202.59d |
| 10:00 | 216.04bc | 0.68bc | 89.92ab | 269.99bc |
| 13:00 | 179.13d | 0.71abc | 85.68ab | 217.13d |
| 16:00 | 241.36ab | 0.78a | 79.35b | 323.47a |
| 19:00 | 256.32a | 0.75ab | 82.72ab | 302.78ab |
| 22:00 | 231.14ab | 0.70abc | 86.93ab | 273.74bc |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 12.247 | 0.015 | 1.841 | 16.800 |
| 肉牛品种 Beef breeds | ||||
| 利木赞肉牛 Limousin beef cattle | 210.68 | 0.71 | 87.68 | 252.66 |
| 杂交牛 Crossbred cattle | 213.23 | 0.71 | 86.42 | 251.16 |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 1.274 | 0.004 | 0.630 | 0.754 |
| P值 P-value | ||||
| 时间点 Time point | <0.001 | 0.027 | 0.032 | <0.001 |
| 肉牛品种 Beef breed | 0.780 | 0.694 | 0.606 | 0.896 |
| 时间点×肉牛品种 Time point×beef breed | 0.529 | 0.977 | 0.972 | 0.451 |
同列数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
In the same column, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |

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