1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | PMO | LNO | ||
| 原料 Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米 Corn | 24.7 | 24.0 | 24.0 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 11.0 | 8.4 | 8.4 | |
| 麸皮 Wheat bran | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal | 8.3 | 14.6 | 14.6 | |
| 豆秸 Soybean straw | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
| 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
| 玉米淀粉 Corn starch | 5.0 | |||
| 棕榈油 Palm oil | 2.0 | |||
| 亚麻油 Linseed oil | 2.0 | |||
| 合计 Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||||
| 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 11.95 | 12.00 | 12.02 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 13.38 | 13.42 | 13.49 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 1.77 | 4.00 | 4.00 | |
| 粗纤维 CF | 27.02 | 27.18 | 27.82 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 51.36 | 53.30 | 55.16 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 29.66 | 30.75 | 31.48 | |
1)每千克预混料含 One kilogram of premix contained the following: VA 200 000 IU,VD3 275 000 IU,VE 1 200 mg,VK3 90 mg,VB1 45 mg,VB2 200 mg,VB6 110 mg,VB12 1 mg,VB3 600 mg,VB5 11 mg,VB9 140 mg,VB7 845 μg,Cu 1 200 mg,Fe 2 700 mg,Zn 3 250 mg,Mn 2 600 mg,Se 8.5 mg,I 10.8 mg,Co 24 mg。 | |
2)消化能为计算值[14],其余营养水平均为实测值。DE was a calculated value[14], while the others were measured values. |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 指标测定
1.3.1 生长性能
ADMI=总干物质采食量/正试期天数;
ADG=(末重-初重)/正试期天数;
F/G=ADMI/ADG。
1.3.2 养分表观消化率
1.3.3 屠宰性能和器官指数
屠宰率(%)=(胴体重量/宰前活重)×100;
腹脂率(%)=(腹脂重量/宰前活重)×100;
器官指数(%)=(器官重量/宰前活重)×100。
1.3.4 血清生化指标
1.4 数据分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮中添加棕榈油和亚麻油对育肥驴生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮中添加棕榈油和亚麻油对育肥驴生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of diets supplemented with palm oil and linseed oil on growth performance of fattening donkeys |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | PMO | LNO | ||
| 初重 IBW/kg | 195.13±6.70 | 195.00±13.77 | 196.10±3.45 | 0.980 |
| 末重 FBW/kg | 226.38±9.20 | 214.10±12.93 | 220.80±6.81 | 0.230 |
| 平均干物质采食量 ADMI/kg | 6.66±0.03a | 5.98±0.16b | 5.96±0.26b | 0.001 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/kg | 0.63±0.07a | 0.41±0.05b | 0.53±0.09a | 0.007 |
| 料重比 F/G | 10.76±0.99b | 16.15±3.19a | 12.64±3.01ab | 0.020 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加棕榈油和亚麻油对育肥驴养分表观消化率的影响
表3 饲粮中添加棕榈油和亚麻油对育肥驴养分表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of diets supplemented with palm oil and linseed oil on nutrient apparent digestibility of fattening donkeys% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | PMO | LNO | ||
| 干物质 DM | 77.18±3.76 | 73.97±3.50 | 74.47±5.81 | 0.497 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 77.93±1.45 | 75.18±3.04 | 74.28±3.78 | 0.225 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 51.84±5.91c | 62.45±6.29b | 74.15±3.63a | 0.001 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 64.96±3.11 | 64.89±5.50 | 62.66±5.10 | 0.761 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 66.21±2.37 | 66.71±3.51 | 66.54±2.19 | 0.974 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 52.58±3.50 | 57.01±4.14 | 54.36±3.95 | 0.374 |
2.3 饲粮中添加棕榈油和亚麻油对育肥驴屠宰性能和器官指数的影响
表4 饲粮中添加棕榈油和亚麻油对育肥驴屠宰性能和器官指数的影响Table 4 Effects of diets supplemented with palm oil and linseed oil on slaughter performance and organ indices of fattening donkeys% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | PMO | LNO | ||
| 屠宰率 Dressing percentage | 56.68±4.02 | 59.25±4.28 | 54.66±3.34 | 0.219 |
| 腹脂率 Abdominal fat rate | 1.52±0.39b | 2.48±0.44a | 2.06±0.42ab | 0.049 |
| 器官指数 Organ indices | ||||
| 心脏 Heart | 0.55±0.06 | 0.57±0.05 | 0.53±0.05 | 0.520 |
| 肝脏 Liver | 1.48±0.15 | 1.34±0.09 | 1.39±0.12 | 0.273 |
| 脾脏 Spleen | 0.36±0.05 | 0.34±0.03 | 0.35±0.02 | 0.737 |
| 肺脏 Lung | 1.04±0.15 | 0.98±0.09 | 1.09±0.13 | 0.364 |
| 肾脏 Kidney | 0.35±0.02 | 0.32±0.06 | 0.33±0.03 | 0.552 |
2.4 饲粮中添加棕榈油和亚麻油对育肥驴血清生化指标的影响
表5 饲粮中添加棕榈油和亚麻油对育肥驴血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of diets supplemented with palm oil and linseed oil on serum biochemical indices of fattening donkeys |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | PMO | LNO | ||
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 63.50±3.42 | 64.49±2.81 | 60.55±2.97 | 0.151 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 37.40±2.11 | 36.49±0.76 | 35.01±1.62 | 0.106 |
| 尿素氮 UN/(mg/dL) | 19.09±1.36a | 16.46±0.43b | 16.56±1.44b | 0.017 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 5.38±0.24 | 5.71±0.34 | 5.52±0.41 | 0.382 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 0.38±0.04 | 0.35±0.09 | 0.48±0.10 | 0.150 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 2.34±0.36 | 2.16±0.33 | 2.29±0.19 | 0.710 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 1.92±0.33a | 1.26±0.21b | 1.85±0.18a | 0.021 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 0.28±0.02 | 0.33±0.03 | 0.31±0.01 | 0.070 |
| 丙氨酸氨基转移酶 ALT/(U/L) | 5.28±0.76a | 6.11±0.48a | 3.11±0.13b | <0.001 |
| 天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 AST/(U/L) | 423.22±45.96 | 421.95±16.26 | 379.86±4.31 | 0.052 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/L) | 258.62±30.81ab | 304.03±29.54a | 230.08±8.92b | 0.002 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) | 214.19±9.78 | 262.58±30.50 | 244.31±41.04 | 0.072 |

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