1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物与饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 棉籽壳 Cottonseed hull | 36.50 |
| 苜蓿干草 Alfalfa hay | 23.50 |
| 玉米 Com | 16.70 |
| 麸皮 Wheat bran | 12.67 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 5.25 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.73 |
| 碳酸钙 CaCO3 | 0.75 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.90 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 3.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 干物质 DM | 84.25 |
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 8.32 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 12.01 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 5.69 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 30.58 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 51.99 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.85 |
| 磷 P | 0.48 |
1)每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 55 000 IU,VD3 13 000 IU,VE 500 mg,Fe 1 300 mg,Se 10.8 mg,Mn 1 100 mg,Zn 1 500 mg,Cu 200 mg。 | |
2)代谢能为计算值,根据《肉羊营养需要量》(NY/T 816—2021)计算,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value based on Nutrient Requirements of Meat-Type Sheep and Goat (NY/T 816—2021), while the others were measured values. |
1.3 饼粕饲料及饲粮常规养分测定
1.4 体外产气试验
1.4.1 试验方法
1.4.2 指标计算方法
产气量(mL)=某时间点玻璃注射器
产气量(mL)-对应时间点空白玻璃注射器
平均产气量(mL);
GPt=a+b(1-e-ct)。
1.5 尼龙袋试验
1.5.1 试验方法
1.5.2 指标计算方法
营养物质某个时间点的瘤胃降解率=100×
(降解前该营养物质含量-降解后该营养物质
含量)/降解前该营养物质含量。
P=a+b(1-e-ct);
ED=a+bc/(k+c)。
1.6 体外三步法
1.6.1 试验方法
1.6.2 指标计算方法
某营养物质体外瘤胃降解率=100×(降解前
该营养物质含量-经过瘤胃降解后剩余饲料
残渣中该营养物质含量)/降解前
该营养物质含量;
某营养物质体外小肠消化率=100×(经瘤胃
降解后剩余饲料残渣中该营养物质含量-
经胃和小肠降解后该营养物质含量)/经瘤胃
降解后剩余饲料残渣中该营养物质含量;
某营养物质体外全消化道消化率=100×(降解前
饲料该营养物质含量-经瘤胃、胃和小肠消化后的
饲料残渣中该营养物质含量)/
降解前饲料中该营养物质含量。
1.7 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同饼粕饲料的常规养分含量
表2 不同饼粕饲料的常规养分含量(风干基础)Table 2 Conventional nutrient contents of different oilseed meal and cake feeds (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗蛋白质 CP | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗灰分 Ash |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 菊花粕 Chrysanthemum meal | 94.20c | 10.09i | 56.18a | 40.18a | 4.35cd | 9.10c |
| 葵花粕(二师) Sunflower meal (2nd Div.) | 90.91f | 27.35g | 48.54b | 28.89d | 6.54c | 5.75f |
| 辣椒粕 Pepper meal | 90.06g | 16.74h | 40.12c | 31.91c | 4.24cd | 13.57a |
| 辣椒籽粕 Pepper seed meal | 87.50j | 17.49h | 38.00c | 31.67c | 3.63d | 13.35a |
| 棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein | 88.86i | 47.18c | 42.46c | 14.57e | 5.06cd | 7.93cd |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (46%) | 89.22h | 48.32b | 39.99c | 12.86e | 3.20d | 6.17def |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (50%) | 93.53d | 57.28a | 17.44e | 7.16f | 6.14c | 7.85cde |
| 葵花饼 Sunflower cake | 96.51b | 26.71g | 48.33b | 35.41b | 13.42a | 8.39c |
| 芝麻粕 Sesame meal | 98.20a | 45.98d | 24.09d | 5.87f | 13.11a | 11.19b |
| 亚麻籽粕 Linseed meal | 92.35e | 37.34e | 38.24c | 7.71f | 10.31b | 5.90ef |
| 葵花粕(可克达拉市)Sunflower meal (Cocodala) | 90.91f | 30.04f | 53.02ab | 28.54d | 6.26c | 5.24f |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 0.560 | 2.570 | 2.003 | 2.153 | 0.647 | 0.525 |
| P值 P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
同列数据肩标无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with no letter or the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同饼粕饲料的产气量及产气参数
表3 不同饼粕饲料的72 h累积产气量及产气参数Table 3 72 h cumulative gas production and gas production parameters of different oilseed meal and cake feeds |
| 项目 Items | 72 h累积产气量 72 h cumulative gas production/ mL | 产气参数 Gas production parameters | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 快速产气部分 a/mL | 慢速产气部分 b/mL | 产气速率 c/(%/h) | 潜在产气量 a+b/mL | ||
| 菊花粕 Chrysanthemum meal | 57.00f | -11.06e | 67.47abc | 0.091a | 56.41e |
| 葵花粕(二师) Sunflower meal (2nd Div.) | 62.33e | 1.49abc | 62.91cd | 0.048cde | 64.41d |
| 辣椒粕 Pepper meal | 71.00bc | -5.61cde | 76.72ab | 0.064b | 71.10cd |
| 辣椒籽粕 Pepper seed meal | 77.00a | -0.43abcd | 79.73a | 0.049cde | 79.30ab |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (46%) | 64.00de | -10.24de | 75.00abc | 0.054bcd | 64.76d |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (50%) | 67.00cd | -9.43de | 77.68a | 0.058bc | 68.25cd |
| 棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein | 72.00b | -1.99abcde | 76.60ab | 0.043de | 74.61bc |
| 葵花饼 Sunflower cake | 65.33de | -4.34bcde | 71.31abc | 0.050cde | 66.96d |
| 芝麻粕 Sesame meal | 53.33f | 1.05abc | 54.55d | 0.045de | 55.61e |
| 亚麻籽粕 Linseed meal | 78.67a | 6.42a | 76.70ab | 0.042ef | 83.12a |
| 葵花粕(可克达拉市) Sunflower meal (Cocodala) | 62.67e | 5.23ab | 64.76bcd | 0.031f | 69.99cd |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 1.340 | 1.157 | 1.479 | 0.002 0 | 1.482 |
| P值 P-value | 0.007 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
2.3 不同饼粕饲料的瘤胃降解率及降解参数
2.3.1 DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表4 不同饼粕饲料的DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 4 DM rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of different oilseed meal and cake feeds |
| 项目 Items | 瘤胃降解率 Rumen degradation rate/% | 瘤胃降解参数 Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 36 h | 48 h | 72 h | a/% | b/% | c/(%/h) | ED/% | ||
| 菊花粕 Chrysanthemum meal | 8.91h | 15.96g | 20.39f | 28.13g | 32.94g | 37.28h | 3.83ef | 41.03f | 0.023e | 24.13i | |
| 葵花粕(二师) Sunflower meal (2nd Div.) | 12.42g | 24.28f | 35.59e | 42.92f | 46.38f | 50.72g | -0.47fg | 52.10de | 0.050bc | 34.32h | |
| 辣椒粕 Pepper meal | 26.79c | 40.75c | 53.25b | 65.65a | 72.01b | 76.35b | 12.22d | 68.16ab | 0.043bcd | 54.66c | |
| 辣椒籽粕 Pepper seed meal | 31.06b | 46.75a | 54.16b | 62.06b | 66.03c | 70.37c | 18.63bc | 52.00de | 0.050bc | 53.86c | |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (46%) | 21.03e | 36.94d | 45.59cd | 52.64de | 60.58d | 64.92d | 9.99d | 57.34cd | 0.047bcd | 46.18e | |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (50%) | 35.40a | 43.76b | 56.74ab | 66.76a | 75.28a | 79.62a | 23.93a | 62.89bc | 0.030de | 59.19a | |
| 棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein | 34.83a | 47.93a | 59.28a | 62.48b | 68.17c | 72.51c | 22.33ab | 50.02e | 0.057b | 56.42b | |
| 葵花饼 Sunflower cake | 23.83d | 32.59e | 42.14d | 50.76de | 57.28e | 61.62e | 14.71cd | 52.44de | 0.033cde | 44.29f | |
| 芝麻粕 Sesame meal | 24.21d | 33.32e | 46.72c | 53.06d | 66.84c | 71.18c | 14.21cd | 67.70ab | 0.030de | 49.36d | |
| 亚麻籽粕 Linseed meal | 18.33f | 33.01e | 43.54cd | 58.04c | 67.01c | 71.35c | 5.33e | 73.05a | 0.037cde | 48.00d | |
| 葵花粕(可克达拉市) Sunflower meal (Cocodala) | 16.76f | 36.26d | 44.22cd | 49.76e | 54.91e | 58.20f | -1.82g | 58.44cd | 0.073a | 41.59g | |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 1.467 | 1.614 | 1.856 | 1.910 | 2.087 | 2.096 | 1.497 | 1.641 | 0.003 0 | 1.745 | |
| P值 P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
a为快速降解部分,b为慢速降解部分,c为慢速降解部分的降解速率,ED为有效降解率。下表同。 | |
a was fast degrading part, b was slow degrading part, c was degradation rate of slow degrading part, ED was effective degradability. The same as below. |
2.3.2 CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表5 不同饼粕饲料的CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 5 CP rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of different oilseed meal and cake feeds |
| 项目 Items | 瘤胃降解率 Rumen degradation rate/% | 瘤胃降解参数 Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 36 h | 48 h | 72 h | a/% | b/% | c/(%/h) | ED/% | ||||||
| 菊花粕 Chrysanthemum meal | 26.21e | 32.73e | 34.36g | 37.79f | 43.31h | 48.17h | 24.83d | 45.99g | 0.013e | 24.24h | |||||
| 葵花粕(二师) Sunflower meal (2nd Div.) | 40.43c | 43.30d | 49.55d | 57.43d | 61.58f | 66.44f | 34.93b | 42.01g | 0.020d | 62.27a | |||||
| 辣椒粕 Pepper meal | 51.55a | 56.42a | 58.77c | 67.35c | 79.45b | 84.31b | 47.07a | 94.57a | 0.010e | 36.30g | |||||
| 辣椒籽粕 Pepper seed meal | 41.72bc | 53.53b | 62.48b | 66.37c | 73.48d | 78.34d | 33.72b | 46.92g | 0.040b | 51.56c | |||||
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (46%) | 19.88f | 33.29e | 47.64d | 57.46d | 62.60f | 67.46f | 4.43g | 65.25de | 0.047a | 46.96d | |||||
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (50%) | 30.29d | 43.80d | 59.29c | 73.60b | 75.85c | 78.46d | 10.52f | 70.51cd | 0.050a | 58.62b | |||||
| 棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein | 30.62d | 50.81c | 60.77bc | 75.53a | 80.39ab | 82.09c | 11.44ef | 72.82c | 0.047a | 58.59b | |||||
| 葵花饼 Sunflower cake | 18.23f | 32.13ef | 39.75f | 50.34e | 66.64e | 71.50e | 9.88f | 79.01b | 0.020d | 50.75c | |||||
| 芝麻粕 Sesame meal | 24.56e | 32.78e | 43.83e | 57.72d | 62.85f | 67.71f | 12.89e | 61.70ef | 0.030c | 45.32de | |||||
| 亚麻籽粕 Linseed meal | 14.38g | 30.73f | 39.62f | 49.58e | 56.61g | 61.47g | 2.82g | 61.56ef | 0.040b | 42.95f | |||||
| 葵花粕(可克达拉市) Sunflower meal (Cocodala) | 42.89b | 55.43a | 66.66a | 75.59a | 81.51a | 86.37a | 31.06c | 58.28f | 0.040b | 44.53ef | |||||
| 均值标准误 SEM | 1.997 | 1.754 | 1.854 | 2.049 | 1.998 | 1.922 | 2.471 | 2.670 | 0.002 0 | 1.847 | |||||
| P值 P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
2.3.3 NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表6 不同饼粕饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 6 NDF rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of different oilseed meal and cake feeds |
| 项目 Items | 瘤胃降解率 Rumen degradation rate/% | 瘤胃降解参数 Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 36 h | 48 h | 72 h | a/% | b/% | c/(%/h) | ED/% | ||
| 菊花粕 Chrysanthemum meal | 4.41f | 11.41g | 18.31g | 22.49g | 27.35h | 35.01g | 0.49d | 46.52cde | 0.023d | 27.21e | |
| 葵花粕(二师) Sunflower meal (2nd Div.) | 8.33e | 19.39de | 27.26de | 35.70e | 40.28f | 45.14e | -0.44d | 48.64cd | 0.040b | 33.07c | |
| 辣椒粕 Pepper meal | 19.83b | 35.16a | 44.19ab | 56.87a | 62.29a | 67.15a | 7.48ab | 63.11a | 0.040b | 18.10h | |
| 辣椒籽粕 Pepper seed meal | 18.65b | 30.43b | 42.84b | 54.60b | 58.98b | 63.84b | 4.88bc | 62.85a | 0.040b | 26.13f | |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (46%) | 11.51d | 20.67cd | 28.67cd | 35.20e | 42.48de | 47.34d | 4.42bc | 49.64c | 0.030cd | 43.42a | |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (50%) | 14.22c | 21.79c | 29.98c | 35.46e | 41.98de | 46.31de | 7.55ab | 44.11cde | 0.030cd | 40.54b | |
| 棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein | 9.23e | 18.23e | 26.40ef | 35.27e | 41.35ef | 44.24e | 0.23d | 48.45cd | 0.037bc | 28.24d | |
| 葵花饼 Sunflower cake | 13.71c | 21.27cd | 28.50cd | 37.69d | 41.52ef | 46.38de | 6.23ab | 45.37cde | 0.033bc | 29.09d | |
| 芝麻粕 Sesame meal | 11.05d | 15.82f | 28.29d | 32.93f | 36.55g | 41.41f | 1.95d | 42.08e | 0.040b | 26.12f | |
| 亚麻籽粕 Linseed meal | 11.50d | 19.40de | 25.17f | 38.52d | 43.38d | 44.72e | 7.13abc | 57.44b | 0.010e | 28.83d | |
| 葵花粕(可克达拉市) Sunflower meal (Cocodala) | 23.31a | 32.18b | 44.40a | 47.26c | 49.99c | 52.52c | 9.44a | 43.00de | 0.067a | 24.92g | |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 0.939 | 1.234 | 1.458 | 1.686 | 1.657 | 1.595 | 0.634 | 1.355 | 0.002 0 | 1.206 | |
| P值 P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
2.3.4 ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表7 不同饼粕饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 7 ADF rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of different oilseed meal and cake feeds |
| 项目 Items | 瘤胃降解率 Rumen degradation rate/% | 瘤胃降解参数 Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 36 h | 48 h | 72 h | a/% | b/% | c/(%/h) | ED/% | ||
| 菊花粕 Chrysanthemum meal | 7.81de | 12.78e | 20.17c | 23.52f | 28.34e | 31.50fg | 2.20de | 32.96e | 0.033bcd | 15.18e | |
| 葵花粕(二师) Sunflower meal (2nd Div.) | 5.93f | 16.38d | 20.04c | 24.44ef | 28.70e | 33.53ef | 1.74de | 34.21de | 0.033bcd | 28.71b | |
| 辣椒粕 Pepper meal | 29.32a | 38.06a | 42.92a | 47.95a | 52.62a | 56.12a | 23.71a | 35.57de | 0.037abc | 18.75d | |
| 辣椒籽粕 Pepper seed meal | 13.92c | 31.38b | 34.57b | 42.85b | 48.01b | 52.84b | 5.84c | 48.05b | 0.043a | 19.44d | |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (46%) | 4.99g | 13.61e | 12.57e | 19.40h | 23.45f | 28.28h | 3.69d | 37.78cd | 0.017e | 42.30a | |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (50%) | 7.26e | 16.33d | 21.67c | 25.53de | 28.98e | 33.47ef | 1.73de | 33.02e | 0.040ab | 20.08cd | |
| 棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein | 8.22d | 17.00d | 22.08c | 26.40d | 29.40e | 34.23e | 3.14d | 32.66e | 0.040ab | 15.73e | |
| 葵花饼 Sunflower cake | 8.25d | 11.00f | 16.26d | 22.12g | 29.21e | 34.04e | 3.94cd | 51.96a | 0.010e | 20.84c | |
| 芝麻粕 Sesame meal | 6.90e | 15.59d | 21.82c | 26.07d | 32.60d | 37.43d | 1.96de | 41.07c | 0.027d | 20.84c | |
| 亚麻籽粕 Linseed meal | 5.13fg | 10.89f | 15.89d | 22.10g | 25.10f | 29.93f | 0.60e | 34.53de | 0.030cd | 18.73d | |
| 葵花粕(可克达拉市) Sunflower meal (Cocodala) | 17.75b | 25.92c | 32.91b | 36.98c | 40.64c | 44.49c | 11.04b | 34.77de | 0.040ab | 21.20c | |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 1.240 | 1.565 | 1.562 | 1.585 | 1.612 | 1.575 | 1.131 | 1.140 | 0.001 0 | 1.628 | |
| P值 P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
2.4 体外三步法试验结果
表8 不同饼粕饲料的体外瘤胃降解率、小肠消化率及全消化道消化率Table 8 In vitro rumen degradation rate, intestinal digestibility and total tract digestibility of different oilseed meal and cake feeds% |
| 项目 Items | 体外瘤胃降解率 In vitro rumen degradation rate | 体外小肠消化率 In vitro intestinal digestibility | 体外全消化道消化率 In vitro total tract digestibility | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质 DM | 有机物 OM | 干物质 DM | 有机物 OM | 干物质 DM | 有机物 OM | |||
| 菊花粕 Chrysanthemum meal | 31.40a | 26.72a | 19.15h | 16.29f | 50.55d | 43.02f | ||
| 葵花粕(二师) Sunflower meal (2nd Div.) | 24.60c | 20.95c | 32.49g | 27.66e | 57.10c | 48.61e | ||
| 辣椒粕 Pepper meal | 25.75bc | 19.73c | 52.35ab | 39.96b | 78.10a | 59.69b | ||
| 辣椒籽粕 Pepper seed meal | 34.35a | 25.49ab | 43.48cd | 32.23cd | 77.83a | 57.72bc | ||
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (46%) | 23.05c | 18.65c | 43.68cd | 35.35c | 66.73b | 54.01cd | ||
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (50%) | 21.87c | 18.19c | 47.62bc | 39.55b | 69.50b | 57.74bc | ||
| 棉籽蛋白 Cottonseed protein | 23.38c | 20.05c | 54.83a | 46.96a | 78.21a | 67.01a | ||
| 葵花饼 Sunflower cake | 20.99c | 18.50c | 37.71ef | 33.24c | 58.70c | 51.73de | ||
| 芝麻粕 Sesame meal | 24.79c | 21.57bc | 33.36fg | 29.02de | 58.15c | 50.60de | ||
| 亚麻籽粕 Linseed meal | 30.07ab | 25.99a | 37.67ef | 32.57cd | 67.74b | 58.56b | ||
| 葵花粕(可克达拉市) Sunflower meal (Cocodala) | 20.86c | 17.88c | 40.01de | 34.28c | 60.88c | 52.16de | ||
| 均值标准误 SEM | 0.849 | 0.656 | 1.735 | 1.357 | 1.652 | 1.135 | ||
| P值 P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
2.5 基于产气量的不同饼粕饲料瘤胃有效降解率及全消化道消化率预测方程
表9 基于产气量的不同饼粕饲料瘤胃有效降解率及全消化道消化率预测方程Table 9 Prediction equations for rumen effective degradability and total tract digestibility of different oilseed meal and cake feeds based on gas production |
| 序号 No. | 预测方程 Prediction equations | 决定系数 R2 | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | NDF有效降解率=48.066-1.211×6 h产气量 | 0.424 | 0.030 |
| 2 | DM全消化道消化率=3.734+1.004×48 h产气量 | 0.586 | 0.006 |
| 3 | DM全消化道消化率=2.459+0.953×72 h产气量 | 0.612 | 0.004 |
| 4 | OM全消化道消化率=13.721+0.615×72 h产气量 | 0.559 | 0.008 |
NDF:中性洗涤纤维 neutral detergent fiber;DM:干物质 dry matter;OM:有机物 organic matter。 |

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