1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 车前草发酵前后营养成分含量(风干基础)Table 1 Nutrient contents of plantain herb before and after fermentation (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 发酵前 Before fermentation | 发酵后 After fermentation |
|---|---|---|
| 干物质Dry matter | 42.4±1.6 | 39.2±0.8 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 8.7±0.6 | 9.1±0.4 |
| 粗纤维Crude fiber | 12.3±0.5 | 10.1±0.2 |
| 粗灰分Crude ash | 10.6±0.5 | 10.9±0.6 |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract | 1.3±0.0 | 1.4±0.1 |
营养成分含量均为实测值,各指标为3次测定的平均值。 | |
The nutrient contents were measured values, and each index was the average of three measurements. |
1.2 试验设计
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 11.07 | ||
| 小麦次粉Wheat middling | 1.96 | ||
| 面粉Flour | 12.25 | ||
| 米糠粕Rice bran | 2.94 | ||
| 膨化玉米Extruded corn | 26.95 | ||
| 饼干粉Cookie powder | 14.70 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 7.53 | ||
| 膨化大豆Extruded soybean | 7.84 | ||
| 发酵豆粕Fermented soybean meal | 2.94 | ||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 2.45 | ||
| 白糖White sugar | 1.96 | ||
| 花生壳颗粒粉Peanut shell particle powder | 2.00 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 0.98 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.29 | ||
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 0.29 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.29 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys(98.5%) | 0.60 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.10 | ||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.17 | ||
| 一水柠檬酸C6H8O7·H2O | 0.98 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.71 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 14.01 | ||
| 干物质DM | 89.26 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 21.13 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 5.35 | ||
| 粗纤维CF | 2.86 | ||
| 粗灰分Ash | 4.59 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.76 | ||
| 总磷TP | 0.55 | ||
| 有效磷AP | 0.28 | ||
| 可消化赖氨酸DLys | 1.33 | ||
| 可消化蛋氨酸DMet | 0.39 | ||
| 含硫氨基酸S-containing amino acids | 0.70 | ||
| 可消化苏氨酸DThr | 0.80 | ||
| 可消化色氨酸DTry | 0.19 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet: VA 8 000 IU,VC 500 mg,VD3 3 000 IU,VE 60 mg,VK 35 mg,VB1 15 mg,VB2 30 mg,VB6 15 mg,VB12 0.5 mg,胆碱 choline 500 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 175 mg,D-生物素 D-biotin 2.5 mg,叶酸 folic acid 5 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 50 mg,Zn 60 mg,Cu 3 mg,Fe 25 mg,Mn 15 m,I 0.6 mg,Mg 0.7 mg。 2)干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分为实测值,其余为计算值[8]。DM, CP, EE, CF and Ash were measured values, while the others were calculated values[8]. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集与处理
1.5 指标测定
1.5.1 营养成分
1.5.2 生长性能
1.5.3 血清免疫、蛋白质代谢及脂质代谢指标
1.5.4 血清抗氧化、应激及肾脏功能指标
1.6 数据分析
2 结果
2.1 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪生长性能的影响
表3 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of plantain herb and probiotic fermented plantain herb on growth performance of Liaoning black pigs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.2% PL | 0.4% PL | 0.2% PFPL | 0.4% PFPL | ||
| 初始体重 IBW/kg | 22.23±0.79 | 22.48±1.72 | 22.57±1.97 | 24.24±0.90 | 23.96±1.98 | 0.107 |
| 终末体重 FBW/kg | 33.58±1.26Bbc | 33.50±1.91Bbc | 35.22±1.59Bbc | 37.17±0.70Aab | 38.38±1.71Aa | <0.001 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 405.36±34.03Cc | 393.45±17.60Cc | 451.49±38.84Bb | 461.61±15.35Bb | 515.18±21.18Aa | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 1 132.94±21.52Bb | 1 087.70±16.00Cc | 1 094.25±18.98Cc | 1 104.17±28.61BCc | 1 183.53±17.42Aa | <0.001 |
| 料重比F/G | 2.81±0.25Aa | 2.77±0.11Aa | 2.44±0.24Bb | 2.39±0.97Bb | 2.30±0.13Bb | <0.001 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清蛋白质代谢指标的影响
表4 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清蛋白质代谢指标的影响Table 4 Effects of plantain herb and probiotic fermented plantain herb on serum protein metabolism indicators of Liaoning black pigs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.2% PL | 0.4% PL | 0.2% PFPL | 0.4% PFPL | ||
| 总蛋白TB/(g/L) | 45.41±0.96 | 44.60±1.69 | 46.63±1.77 | 44.96±2.70 | 47.12±2.44 | 0.511 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 30.58±0.52 | 33.44±0.98 | 32.86±2.59 | 33.28±1.73 | 34.91±2.09 | 0.119 |
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 42.82±7.14Aa | 38.23±2.19Aab | 35.36±1.60Bb | 34.29±1.72Bbc | 31.40±1.63Bbc | <0.001 |
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 35.86±0.74Aa | 36.32±1.17Aa | 30.68±0.88Bb | 28.07±1.55Bc | 27.60±1.54Bc | <0.001 |
2.3 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清脂质代谢指标的影响
表5 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清脂质代谢指标的影响Table 5 Effects of plantain herb and probiotic fermented plantain herb on serum lipid metabolism indicators of Liaoning black pigs mmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.2% PL | 0.4% PL | 0.2% PFPL | 0.4% PFPL | ||
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C | 1.68±0.07Bc | 1.80±0.10ABbc | 1.95±0.17Aa | 1.86±0.07ABab | 1.86±0.69ABab | 0.007 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C | 0.88±0.20 | 0.87±0.65 | 0.86±0.27 | 0.90±0.16 | 0.88±0.72 | 1.000 |
| 甘油三酯TG | 1.28±0.63Aa | 1.11±0.31Bb | 1.07±0.40Bbc | 1.03±0.72Bc | 1.01±0.34Bc | <0.001 |
| 总胆固醇T-CHO | 4.37±0.11Aa | 4.03±0.09Bb | 3.83±0.97Bc | 3.44±0.11Cb | 3.29±0.42Cb | <0.001 |
2.4 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清免疫指标的影响
表6 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of plantain herb and probiotic fermented plantain herb on serum immune indicators of Liaoning black pigs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.2% PL | 0.4% PL | 0.2% PFPL | 0.4% PFPL | ||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 25.83±1.18Dd | 27.51±0.62CDd | 28.11±1.06BCbc | 29.30±1.13ABab | 30.25±0.54Aa | <0.001 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 22.62±0.90b | 23.21±0.97b | 25.63±2.31ab | 26.62±3.67a | 28.53±2.53a | 0.025 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 137.77±.9.78b | 139.87±9.34b | 144.14±7.74b | 150.12±7.74a | 158.04±9.99a | 0.017 |
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β/(ng/L) | 47.26±1.08Aa | 45.92±2.31Aa | 42.52±0.70Bb | 41.52±1.23Bbc | 40.36±1.00Bc | <0.001 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(ng/L) | 114.21±2.89Aa | 109.74±2.33Ab | 102.04±1.89Bc | 98.98±3.55Bcd | 97.10±3.34Bd | <0.001 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 185.95±21.66a | 181.99±17.58a | 169.53±37.67ab | 150.21±16.29bc | 128.45±10.66c | 0.040 |
| 补体3 C3/(μg/mL) | 27.56±5.10Cd | 30.79±1.04BCd | 32.10±1.02ABbc | 35.92±2.22ABab | 37.10±4.23Aa | <0.001 |
| 补体4 C4/(μg/mL) | 3.80±0.68Cd | 4.16±0.51BCcd | 4.47±0.39ABCbc | 5.18±0.37Aa | 4.81±0.26ABab | 0.001 |
| 分泌型免疫球蛋白A sIgA/(μg/mL) | 20.17±0.46b | 20.53±0.28b | 22.87±0.19ab | 25.47±5.21ab | 27.10±4.49a | 0.040 |
2.5 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清抗氧化指标的影响
表7 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of plantain herb and probiotic fermented plantain herb on serum antioxidant indicators of Liaoning black pigs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.2% PL | 0.4% PL | 0.2% PFPL | 0.4% PFPL | ||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 12.14±0.79c | 13.84±2.16bc | 14.63±0.57b | 14.70±1.78b | 17.24±1.82a | 0.014 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 47.79±9.11Cd | 50.88±2.67BCcd | 54.35±0.54BCbc | 57.69±0.95ABb | 64.57±1.45Aa | <0.001 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 324.58±12.07Bc | 348.06±13.50ABb | 373.61±11.96Aa | 373.81±16.62Aa | 375.94±5.17Aa | 0.002 |
| 髓过氧化物酶 MPO/(U/L) | 56.70±6.91Aa | 47.85±3.00ABab | 40.31±3.55BCbc | 38.68±6.55BCbc | 34.09±2.05Cc | 0.002 |
| 4-羟基壬烯醛 4-HNE/(ng/L) | 10.28±0.38a | 9.94±0.82ab | 9.68±0.93abc | 9.21±0.27c | 9.05±0.44c | 0.031 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 8.69±0.30Aa | 7.79±0.55ABb | 7.65±0.81Bb | 7.15±0.49BCbc | 6.60±0.86Cc | <0.001 |
2.6 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清应激指标的影响
表8 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清应激指标的影响Table 8 Effects of plantain herb and probiotic fermented plantain herb on serum stress indicators of Liaoning black pigs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.2% PL | 0.4% PL | 0.2% PFPL | 0.4% PFPL | ||
| 肌酸激酶 CK/(U/mL) | 2.85±0.13Aa | 2.57±0.93ABb | 2.38±0.16BCbc | 2.23±0.17BCc | 2.15±0.35Cc | <0.001 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/L) | 319.58±34.88Aa | 296.26±12.21ABa | 228.00±48.61Bb | 213.15±22.23Bb | 215.84±18.47Bb | 0.004 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 6.95±0.44 | 6.22±0.54 | 5.67±1.47 | 5.61±0.81 | 5.56±0.95 | 0.080 |
2.7 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清肾脏功能指标的影响
表9 车前草及益生菌发酵车前草对辽宁黑猪血清血清中肾脏功能指标的影响Table 9 Effects of plantain herb and probiotic fermented plantain herb on serum kidney function indicators of Liaoning black pigs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.2% PL | 0.4% PL | 0.2% PFPL | 0.4% PFPL | ||
| 肌酐 CREA/(μmol/L) | 127.95±4.00Aa | 95.39±2.50Bb | 100.16±6.85Bbc | 81.41±0.28Bbc | 79.19±21.77Bd | <0.001 |
| 尿素氮 UN/(mmol/L) | 5.60±0.61Aa | 4.91±0.35ABab | 4.36±0.34BCb | 3.41±0.29CDc | 3.22±0.25Dc | <0.001 |

京公网安备 11010802041926号