1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 54.00 | ||
| 花生粕Peanut meal | 15.30 | ||
| 小麦麸Bran | 12.00 | ||
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn protein powder | 4.00 | ||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 3.30 | ||
| 稻壳粉Rice husk powder | 2.00 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.42 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 6.35 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.40 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.10 | ||
| 苏氨酸Threonine | 0.30 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lysine | 0.43 | ||
| 缬氨酸Valine | 0.10 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.30 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.68 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.85 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 7.80 | ||
| 粗纤维CF | 4.08 | ||
| 粗灰分Ash | 9.54 | ||
| 钙Ca | 2.76 | ||
| 磷P | 0.68 | ||
| 色氨酸Trp/(mg/g) | 1.40 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met/(mg/g) | 3.40 | ||
| 苏氨酸Thr/(mg/g) | 7.60 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys/(mg/g) | 8.70 | ||
| 缬氨酸Val/(mg/g) | 6.90 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet: Fe 80 mg,Mn 30 mg,Se 0.3 mg,Zn 65 mg,I 0.3 mg,Cu 4 mg,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB4 740 mg,VB6 4.0 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,VD3 2 000 IU,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,VA 9 000 IU,VK3 0.8 mg,VE 40 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinic acid 30 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 11 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪和色氨酸为实测值,其他营养水平为计算值[10-11]。CP, CF, EE and Trp were measured values, while other nutrient levels were calculated values[10-11]. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集与指标测定
1.4.1 生产性能
1.4.2 血清生化和生殖激素指标
1.4.3 肝脏抗氧化指标
1.5 数据处理
2 结果
2.1 色氨酸对产蛋期种鹅生产性能的影响
表2 色氨酸对产蛋期种鹅生产性能的影响Table 2 Effects of tryptophan on performance of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮色氨酸水平Dietary tryptophan levels/% | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.14(对照组 Control group) | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.34 | |||
| 产蛋率LR/% | 39.22 | 41.09 | 41.58 | 41.09 | 42.42 | 0.686 | 0.717 |
| 平均蛋重AEW/g | 125.69b | 123.64b | 133.60a | 123.20b | 124.36b | 0.970 | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 197.84a | 191.10b | 185.03b | 187.60b | 182.60b | 1.677 | 0.023 |
| 料蛋比F/E | 4.55a | 3.93b | 3.89b | 3.70b | 3.64b | 0.106 | 0.040 |
| 受精率FR/% | 86.67 | 91.67 | 88.33 | 85.83 | 88.33 | 1.085 | 0.519 |
| 孵化率HR/% | 90.26 | 87.69 | 91.51 | 93.45 | 91.16 | 1.005 | 0.506 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 色氨酸对产蛋期种鹅血清生化指标的影响
表3 色氨酸对产蛋期种鹅血清生化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of tryptophan on serum biochemical indexes of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮色氨酸水平Dietary tryptophan levels/% | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.14(对照组 Control group) | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.34 | |||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 32.14 | 36.65 | 42.91 | 30.11 | 31.91 | 1.607 | 0.059 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 14.52 | 17.03 | 14.69 | 16.44 | 12.58 | 0.613 | 0.155 |
| 尿酸UA/(μmol/L) | 604.09a | 605.96a | 534.05ab | 351.67bc | 318.11c | 36.064 | 0.009 |
| 尿素氮UN/(μmol/L) | 823.12a | 770.20ab | 543.57abc | 459.88bc | 327.01c | 59.035 | 0.026 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 3.93 | 3.66 | 3.57 | 3.81 | 3.86 | 0.129 | 0.919 |
| 总胆固醇T-CHO/(mmol/L) | 2.70b | 3.51ab | 4.10ab | 4.50a | 4.70a | 0.242 | 0.048 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 1.64c | 2.65c | 3.23bc | 5.01ab | 5.99a | 0.408 | <0.001 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 1.44b | 1.80ab | 2.07ab | 2.61a | 2.19ab | 0.132 | 0.048 |
2.3 色氨酸对产蛋期种鹅血清生殖激素指标的影响
表4 色氨酸对产蛋期种鹅血清生殖激素指标的影响Table 4 Effects of tryptophan on serum reproductive hormone indexes of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮色氨酸水平Dietary tryptophan levels/% | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.14(对照组 Control group) | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.34 | |||
| 促卵泡素FSH/(mIU/mL) | 10.62b | 10.10b | 12.05a | 12.37a | 12.10a | 0.261 | 0.007 |
| 催乳素PRL/(ng/mL) | 885.33a | 889.14a | 812.45ab | 783.69ab | 658.87b | 22.986 | 0.003 |
| 促黄体素LH/(mIU/mL) | 14.77 | 13.82 | 15.41 | 16.60 | 14.91 | 0.383 | 0.231 |
| 孕酮PROG/(mIU/L) | 11.13 | 10.24 | 11.17 | 11.04 | 11.55 | 0.269 | 0.664 |
| 雌二醇E2/(pg/mL) | 480.31 | 423.45 | 422.43 | 434.07 | 443.92 | 8.416 | 0.169 |
2.4 色氨酸对产蛋期种鹅肝脏抗氧化指标的影响
表5 色氨酸对产蛋期种鹅肝脏抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of tryptophan on liver antioxidant indexes of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮色氨酸水平Dietary tryptophan levels/% | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.14(对照组 Control group) | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.34 | |||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/g prot) | 73.91b | 77.53ab | 79.98a | 79.05a | 77.07ab | 0.690 | 0.035 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 40.74b | 43.51b | 45.13ab | 51.45a | 45.47ab | 1.139 | 0.032 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 2 126.20 | 2 350.06 | 2 416.14 | 2 029.37 | 2 128.67 | 65.847 | 0.296 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 1.19a | 1.03a | 0.85a | 0.83a | 0.43b | 0.120 | 0.011 |

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