1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 试验饲粮
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 玉米型饲粮 Corn- based diet | 陈化稻谷 型饲粮 Aged paddy- based diet | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米Corn | 22.00 | ||||
| 陈化稻谷Aged paddy | 22.00 | ||||
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 23.22 | 23.22 | |||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 10.20 | 10.20 | |||
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 4.00 | 4.00 | |||
| 苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal | 23.00 | 23.00 | |||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 1.50 | 1.50 | |||
| 稻壳粉Rice husk powder | 13.00 | 13.00 | |||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||
| 碳酸钙CaCO3 | 0.72 | 0.72 | |||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.60 | 0.60 | |||
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys·HCl (98.5%) | 0.08 | 0.08 | |||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met (99%) | 0.08 | 0.08 | |||
| L-苏氨酸L-Thr (99%) | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.56 | 10.62 | |||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.96 | 15.54 | |||
| 粗纤维CF | 16.17 | 17.70 | |||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 33.16 | 34.76 | |||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 18.84 | 21.01 | |||
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 6.21 | 7.05 | |||
| 钙Ca | 0.84 | 0.85 | |||
| 总磷TP | 0.61 | 0.61 | |||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.80 | 0.82 | |||
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.60 | 0.57 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 7 800 IU,VD3 800 IU,VE 21 IU,VK3 3 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 7.5 mg,VB6 3 mg,VB12 0.023 mg,烟酸 niacin 30 mg,生物素 biotin 0.12 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 15 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,胆碱 choline 300 mg,Fe 125 mg,Cu 12.5 mg,Mn 15 mg,Zn 60 mg,Se 0.25 mg,I 1.25 mg,Co 0.4 mg。 | |
2)消化能和氨基酸参照De Blas等[6]计算,其余为实测值。DE and amino acids were calculated with reference to De Blas et al.[6], while the others were measured values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 样品采集
1.6 检测指标及方法
1.6.1 生长性能
1.6.2 养分表观消化率
1.6.3 抗氧化能力
1.7 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 陈化稻谷替代玉米饲粮不同调质温度对肉兔生长性能的影响
表2 陈化稻谷替代玉米饲粮不同调质温度对肉兔生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different conditioning temperatures of diets using aged paddy for substituting corn on growth performance of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C80 | APR70 | APR80 | APR90 | ||
| 初始体重IBW/g | 702.28±27.38 | 700.47±30.25 | 704.98±27.09 | 704.44±35.74 | 0.917 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 1 697.38±121.21 | 1 677.23±135.39 | 1 712.28±91.61 | 1 623.74±155.45 | 0.097 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 23.69±2.72a | 23.34±2.85a | 23.98±2.12a | 21.89±3.51b | 0.012 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 64.74±4.96 | 62.84±7.46 | 63.14±7.27 | 62.02±10.54 | 0.517 |
| 料重比F/G | 2.76±0.32 | 2.75±0.55 | 2.65±0.35 | 2.83±0.42 | 0.215 |
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 2.38 | 2.12 | 2.18 | 2.91 | 0.738 |
| 死亡率Mortality/% | 12.50 | 13.89 | 6.94 | 16.67 | 0.347 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 陈化稻谷替代玉米饲粮不同调质温度对肉兔养分表观消化率的影响
表3 陈化稻谷替代玉米饲粮不同调质温度对肉兔养分表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of different conditioning temperatures of diets using aged paddy for substituting corn on nutrient apparent digestibility of meat rabbits % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C80 | APR70 | APR80 | APR90 | ||
| 干物质DM | 62.46±0.26c | 64.93±1.65a | 63.31±1.04b | 63.58±1.70b | <0.001 |
| 总能GE | 66.81±0.63 | 65.63±1.60 | 67.73±1.43 | 66.27±2.98 | 0.097 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 80.21±1.65c | 82.31±2.48ab | 82.96±1.06a | 81.16±2.62bc | <0.001 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 86.27±4.00 | 88.01±5.04 | 87.43±6.71 | 83.15±9.71 | 0.215 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 43.06±3.24 | 42.73±4.15 | 45.12±2.72 | 44.89±3.94 | 0.284 |
| 粗纤维CF | 18.13±1.95 | 18.22±4.56 | 19.23±3.63 | 19.78±3.64 | 0.365 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 30.81±2.37d | 40.46±1.98a | 35.99±3.08c | 38.57±3.26b | <0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 20.45±4.59c | 33.71±2.12a | 28.46±3.77b | 30.27±2.86b | <0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 19.45±4.62c | 29.81±4.02b | 35.85±5.74a | 30.40±7.36b | <0.001 |
| 钙Ca | 33.09±7.12c | 50.06±6.60b | 65.40±7.77a | 51.63±9.87b | <0.001 |
| 磷P | 54.35±4.92 | 53.84±3.74 | 50.55±8.51 | 54.45±6.40 | 0.541 |
2.3 陈化稻谷替代玉米饲粮不同调质温度对肉兔抗氧化能力的影响
表4 陈化稻谷替代玉米饲粮不同调质温度对肉兔血清和肝脏抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of different conditioning temperatures of diets using aged paddy for substituting corn on serum and liver antioxidant indices of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C80 | APR70 | APR80 | APR90 | ||
| 血清Serum | |||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 0.93±0.10 | 1.08±0.19 | 0.92±0.07 | 0.95±0.26 | 0.399 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mL) | 575.50±23.55a | 432.43±166.34b | 556.90±40.92a | 585.11±66.40a | 0.034 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 297.76±71.80 | 251.84±116.69 | 230.31±65.33 | 241.08±69.47 | 0.531 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 10.54±4.09 | 9.84±3.34 | 10.72±3.58 | 11.82±2.24 | 0.789 |
| 肝脏Liver | |||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 0.16±0.04 | 0.14±0.03 | 0.15±0.03 | 0.14±0.03 | 0.467 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 160.58±27.46 | 156.82±32.01 | 169.66±29.51 | 191.47±28.76 | 0.207 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 382.36±31.91 | 410.48±160.02 | 360.30±36.81 | 320.09±38.42 | 0.340 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.41±0.12 | 0.48±0.19 | 0.41±0.14 | 0.40±0.07 | 0.722 |
表5 陈化稻谷替代玉米饲粮不同调质温度对肉兔肠道抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of different conditioning temperatures of diets using aged paddy for substituting corn on intestinal antioxidant indices of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C80 | APR70 | APR80 | APR90 | ||
| 十二指肠Duodenum | |||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 1.18±0.53a | 1.17±0.22a | 0.76±0.13b | 0.86±0.09ab | 0.046 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 369.71±34.86 | 379.17±39.79 | 356.01±43.82 | 339.17±24.79 | 0.283 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 250.74±118.70 | 202.50±76.97 | 298.53±130.53 | 252.68±94.82 | 0.508 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.67±0.71 | 0.31±0.14 | 0.77±0.42 | 0.50±0.30 | 0.328 |
| 空肠Jejunum | |||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 1.82±0.07 | 1.79±0.21 | 1.74±0.24 | 1.80±0.30 | 0.950 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 350.84±54.94 | 349.49±15.69 | 336.73±31.62 | 358.10±38.08 | 0.803 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 248.46±81.43 | 222.42±110.88 | 273.63±83.07 | 292.83±118.22 | 0.645 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.66±0.18 | 0.79±0.37 | 1.23±0.87 | 1.11±1.12 | 0.523 |
| 回肠Ileum | |||||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 5.85±4.42 | 4.16±0.60 | 4.38±0.25 | 5.57±2.29 | 0.574 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 334.82±39.20 | 370.67±47.68 | 361.97±38.69 | 386.69±53.46 | 0.276 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 366.33±103.16 | 489.33±100.19 | 420.10±69.25 | 442.99±47.87 | 0.113 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 1.87±0.72 | 1.75±0.62 | 1.76±1.11 | 3.24±3.19 | 0.405 |

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