1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 黍糠营养成分含量(风干基础)Table 1 Nutrient contents of millet bran (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Item | 总能 GE/(MJ/kg) | 干物质 DM/% | 粗蛋 白质 CP/% | 粗脂肪 EE/% | 粗灰分 Ash/% | 钙 Ca/% | 磷 P/% | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF/% | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF/% | 酸性洗 涤木质素 ADL/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 含量Content | 14.35 | 89.80 | 10.26 | 3.60 | 9.60 | 0.15 | 0.79 | 62.20 | 38.70 | 11.10 |
1.2 试验设计和饲养管理
1.3 试验饲粮
表2 饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米Corn | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 24.00 | 23.00 | 22.50 | 22.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
| 花生壳Peanut shell | 16.00 | 12.50 | 10.00 | 8.00 |
| 花生秧Peanut vine | 25.00 | 23.50 | 20.50 | 17.00 |
| 黍糠Millet bran | 6.00 | 12.00 | 18.00 | |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.60 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 9.32 | 8.98 | 8.67 | 8.35 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.52 | 15.53 | 15.51 | 15.46 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 36.06 | 35.08 | 34.92 | 36.45 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 23.03 | 23.10 | 22.60 | 23.90 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 6.71 | 6.53 | 5.76 | 5.78 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.00 | 3.30 | 3.90 | 3.60 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 6.91 | 7.15 | 6.69 | 6.93 |
| 钙Ca | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.08 | 1.09 |
| 磷P | 0.66 | 0.78 | 0.67 | 0.71 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.91 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.54 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 6 000 IU,VD3 950 IU,VE 40 mg,赖氨酸 Lys 2.2 g,蛋氨酸 Met 1.2 g,Cu (as copper sulfate) 10 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 50 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 8.0 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 50 mg,CaHPO4 2 500 mg,NaCl 4 200 mg。 2)消化能为计算值,其余为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 养分表观消化率
1.4.3 盲肠菌群宏基因组学分析
1.5 数据统计
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮中添加不同比例黍糠对育肥肉兔生长性能的影响
表3 饲粮中添加不同比例黍糠对育肥肉兔生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary supplementation with different proportions of millet bran on growth performance of fattening meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始体重IBW/g | 1 148.33±38.56 | 1 124.17±54.99 | 1 135.00±29.50 | 1 102.50±43.56 | 0.322 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 2 510.17±48.71b | 2 594.33±56.07a | 2 478.67±43.94b | 2 490.17±22.08b | 0.001 |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 34.92±0.79b | 37.70±1.99a | 34.45±1.53b | 35.58±1.44b | 0.007 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 148.21±3.47 | 144.05±6.68 | 142.73±13.34 | 157.05±16.14 | 0.143 |
| 料重比F/G | 4.25±0.12a | 3.83±0.15b | 4.15±0.43ab | 4.42±0.45a | 0.034 |
2.2 饲粮中添加不同比例黍糠对育肥肉兔养分表观消化率的影响
表4 饲粮中添加不同比例黍糠对育肥肉兔养分表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary supplementation with different proportions of millet bran on nutrient apparent digestibility of fattening meat rabbits % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质CP | 64.80±0.65b | 66.26±0.42a | 64.62±1.30b | 61.01±0.25c | <0.001 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 21.06±0.60b | 23.04±1.11a | 22.89±0.30a | 16.70±0.51c | <0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 17.26±0.53b | 19.23±0.53a | 18.33±1.06ab | 15.02±0.59c | <0.001 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 82.90±0.41a | 83.31±1.62a | 83.43±0.45a | 81.17±0.24b | 0.011 |
| 粗纤维CF | 18.77±0.22c | 22.36±1.28a | 21.08±0.52b | 15.29±0.73d | <0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 1.55±0.34 | 1.44±0.39 | 1.42±0.29 | 1.49±0.15 | 0.921 |
2.3 饲粮中添加不同比例黍糠对育肥肉兔盲肠菌群的影响
2.3.1 盲肠菌群alpha多样性分析
表5 饲粮中添加不同比例黍糠对育肥肉兔盲肠菌群alpha多样性的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary supplementation with different proportions of millet bran on alpha diversity of cecal microbiota of fattening meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 19 881.65±859.05 | 19 614.99±669.60 | 19 229.31±752.70 | 19 746.23±1 184.75 | 0.622 |
| Observed_species指数 Observed_species index | 16 613.00±598.60 | 16 557.50±550.78 | 16 283.00±550.05 | 16 762.17±671.10 | 0.574 |
| Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.96±0.00 | 0.96±0.00 | 0.96±0.00 | 0.95±0.03 | 0.374 |
| Shannon指数 Shannon index | 5.12±0.08 | 5.18±0.07 | 5.13±0.04 | 4.97±0.52 | 0.544 |
| Pielou_e指数 Pielou_e index | 0.53±0.01 | 0.53±0.01 | 0.53±0.00 | 0.51±0.05 | 0.485 |
2.3.2 盲肠菌群差异微生物分析
表6 盲肠菌群差异微生物LEfSe分析Table 6 LEfSe analysis of differential microorganisms in cecal microbiota |
| 项目 Items | 差异微生物 Differential microorganisms | 上调的组别 Up-regulated groups | 相对丰度 Relative abundance/% | LDA值 LDA score | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组vs.试验Ⅰ组 Control group vs. test group Ⅰ | 多氏居海事城球杆菌 (Phocaeicola dorei) | 试验Ⅰ组 | 4.602 207 | 4.299 121 | 0.003 948 |
| 居海事城球杆菌属 (Phocaeicola) | 5.083 718 | 4.773 765 | 0.010 406 | ||
| 居海事城球杆菌002493165 (Phocaeicola sp. 002493165) | 4.416 541 | 4.171 151 | 0.037 373 | ||
| 粪生菌属(Caccovivens) | 4.660 918 | 4.143 144 | 0.037 373 | ||
| 对照组vs.试验Ⅱ组 Control group vs. test group Ⅱ | CAG-452 sp. 017397545 | 试验Ⅱ组 | 4.500 108 | 4.177 673 | 0.037 373 |
| 对照组vs.试验Ⅲ组 Control group vs. test group Ⅲ | 真杆菌科 (Eubacteriaceae) | 试验Ⅲ组 | 5.065 778 | 4.385 710 | 0.037 373 |
试验Ⅰ组vs.试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅰ vs. test group Ⅱ | 毛螺菌科 (Lachnospiraceae) | 试验Ⅰ组 | 6.148 846 | 5.198 166 | 0.037 373 |
| 梭菌纲-毛螺菌目 (Clostridia-Lachnospirales) | 6.161 313 | 5.219 972 | 0.037 373 | ||
| 毛螺菌目(Lachnospirales) | 4.365 404 | 4.279 482 | 0.037 373 | ||
| 脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio) | 4.483 338 | 4.100 210 | 0.037 373 | ||
| 试验Ⅰ组vs.试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅰ vs. test group Ⅲ | 戈登卡特氏莫里杆菌 (Muribaculum gordoncarteri) | 试验Ⅰ组 | 4.256 906 | 4.017 672 | 0.039 403 |
| 试验Ⅱ组vs.试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅱ vs. test group Ⅲ | 阿加索杆菌属 (Agathobacter) | 试验Ⅱ组 | 4.277 624 | 3.896 344 | 0.034 243 |
2.3.3 盲肠菌群差异功能分析
表7 盲肠菌群差异功能LEfSe分析Table 7 LEfSe analysis of differential functions in cecal microbiota |
| 项目 Items | KEGG通路名称 Pathway names in KEGG | 上调的组别 Up-regulated groups | 相对丰度 Relative abundance/% | LDA值 LDA score | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照组vs.试验Ⅰ组 Control group vs. test group Ⅰ | Cellular processes; transport and catabolism | 试验Ⅰ组 | 3.648 778 | 2.614 842 | 0.037 373 | ||||||
| 对照组vs.试验Ⅱ组 Control group vs. test group Ⅱ | Metabolism; biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites; penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis | 试验Ⅱ组 | 3.172 769 | 2.380 313 | 0.024 975 | ||||||
对照组vs.试验Ⅲ组 Control group vs. test group Ⅲ | Cellular processes; cell motility; bacterial chemotaxis | 对照组 | 3.797 777 | 3.015 374 | 0.037 373 | ||||||
| Cellular processes | 4.779 163 | 3.410 540 | 0.037 373 | ||||||||
| Cellular processes; cell motility | 4.079 336 | 3.214 332 | 0.037 373 | ||||||||
| Cellular processes; cell motility; flagellar assembly | 3.757 920 | 3.057 522 | 0.024 975 | ||||||||
试验Ⅰ组vs.试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅰ vs. test group Ⅱ | Organismal systems; endocrine system; insulin signaling pathway | 试验Ⅰ组 | 3.143 477 | 2.835 350 | 0.046 320 | ||||||
| Cellular processes; cell growth and death; apoptosis-fly | 2.943 258 | 2.700 750 | 0.049 336 | ||||||||
| Human diseases; endocrine and metabolic disease; insulin resistance | 试验Ⅱ组 | 3.319 829 | 2.981 248 | 0.049 510 | |||||||
| Human diseases; endocrine and metabolic disease | 3.319 829 | 2.976 594 | 0.049 510 | ||||||||
| 试验Ⅰ组vs.试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅰ vs. test group Ⅲ | Environmental information processing | 试验Ⅰ组 | 4.393 033 | 3.168 756 | 0.003 948 | ||||||
| Environmental information processing; signal transduction; AMPK signaling pathway | 3.157 847 | 3.015 464 | 0.032 630 | ||||||||
| Environmental information processing; signal transduction | 3.681 163 | 3.030 972 | 0.006 485 | ||||||||
| Cellular processes; cell motility; flagellar assembly | 3.758 135 | 3.022 744 | 0.037 373 | ||||||||
试验Ⅱ组vs.试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅱ vs. test group Ⅲ | Environmental information processing; membrane transport; phosphotransferase system (PTS) | 试验Ⅲ组 | 3.674 478 | 3.043 937 | 0.024 975 | ||||||
| Organismal systems; endocrine system; insulin signaling pathway | 3.160 869 | 2.813 805 | 0.046 320 | ||||||||
| Metabolism; lipid metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism | 3.765 367 | 2.733 780 | 0.024 975 |
Cellular processes:细胞过程;transport and catabolism:转运与分解代谢;Metabolism:代谢;biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites:其他次级代谢物的生物合成;penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis:青霉素和头孢菌素的生物合成;cell motility:细胞运动;bacterial chemotaxis:细菌趋化性;flagellar assembly:鞭毛组装;Organismal systems:有机系统;endocrine system:内分泌系统;insulin signaling pathway:胰岛素信号通路;cell growth and death:细胞生长与死亡;apoptosis-fly:细胞凋亡-果蝇;Human diseases:人类疾病;endocrine and metabolic disease:内分泌与代谢疾病;insulin resistance:胰岛素抵抗;Environmental information processing:环境信息处理;signal transduction:信号转导;AMPK signaling pathway:单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶信号通路;membrane transport:跨膜转运;phosphotransferase system (PTS):磷酸转移酶系统;lipid metabolism:脂质代谢;glycerolipid metabolism:甘油酯代谢。 |

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