1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验材料
1.3 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 20.00 |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 22.00 |
| 苜蓿草颗粒Alfalfa pellet | 24.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 15.50 |
| 统糠Rice bran | 14.50 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.40 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 |
| L-苏氨酸L-Thr | 0.20 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.65 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.15 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl | 0.30 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.31 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.39 |
| 粗纤维CF | 17.63 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 36.81 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 21.03 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 5.07 |
| 钙Ca | 0.91 |
| 总磷TP | 0.59 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.17 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.60 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:VA 10 000 IU,VD3 1 000 IU,VE 50 IU,VK3 2 mg,VB2 5 mg,VB12 10 μg,叶酸 folic acid 2 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 20 mg,烟酸niacin 40 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 250 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 65 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 50 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 14 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 10 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.05 mg,Co (as cobalt chloride) 0.3 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 1 mg。 2)消化能和氨基酸为计算值,其余为实测值。DE and amino acids were calculated values, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 样品采集及指标测定
1.5.1 饲粮营养水平
1.5.2 生长性能和健康状况
1.5.3 样品采集
1.5.4 血清和肠道免疫指标
1.5.5 实时荧光定量PCR
表2 引物序列Table 2 Primers sequences |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 产物大小 Product size/bp | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-肌动蛋白β-actin | F:ACGCTCAAGTACCCGATCGA R:TTGTAGAAGGTGTGGTGCCAGAT | 80 | |||
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β | F:TCCAGCCACTCTTCATTGTTCA R:CATGTAATTGGGACCATCGGC | 134 | |||
| 白细胞介素-2 IL-2 | F:TCCAAACTTTCCAGGATGCTCA R:TCCCCCATGAGAGTTTTTGCC | 144 | |||
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10 | F:AAGGCGTCTACAAAGCCATGA R:TCTAGCCGAGTTGCCATCCT | 110 | |||
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | F:CAGGTTCTCTTCAGCGGTCAA R:GCGGCTGACAGTGTGAGTGA | 63 | |||
| 干扰素-γ IFN-γ | F:CCTAAAGAAGCGAAAAAGGAGTCA R:TTGCAGGTGAGTTGATCAGTACTTG | 76 | |||
| 密封蛋白-1 Claudin-1 | F:CAGCCAGACAAGAAGGTTG R:GCGTGAAGAGGGAAGGA | 104 | |||
| 闭锁小带蛋白-1 ZO-1 | F:GGAAGGGCAGGTGTTTG R:CCGGAGCAGAGAAGAAGA | 135 | |||
| 闭锁小带蛋白-2 ZO-2 | F:GAGGAGAGACGCCAGCA R:GGAGGACGTGAACGGAGT | 138 |
1.5.6 盲肠发酵产物和微生物数量
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 生物蛋白API和APL单独或联合添加对肉兔生长性能和健康状况的影响
表3 生物蛋白API和APL单独或联合添加对肉兔生长性能和健康状况的影响Table 3 Effects of individual or combined supplementation of biological proteins API and APL on growth performance and health status of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | API | APL | CBP | ||||||||
| 体重BW/g | |||||||||||
| 第1天Day 1 | 757.30±5.38 | 757.86±6.89 | 757.84±2.86 | 757.79±6.66 | 1.000 | ||||||
| 第15天Day 15 | 1 243.04±24.11 | 1 253.33±17.03 | 1 211.83±19.21 | 1 226.63±11.63 | 0.418 | ||||||
| 第36天Day 36 | 1 939.83±41.96b | 2 054.24±26.33a | 1 962.90±32.58b | 2 122.39±26.33a | <0.001 | ||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | |||||||||||
| 第1~14天Days 1 to 14 | 34.57±1.61 | 35.58±1.15 | 32.31±1.15 | 33.39±0.86 | 0.275 | ||||||
| 第15~35天Days 15 to 35 | 33.12±2.45b | 38.22±1.03a | 35.84±1.30b | 42.58±1.13a | 0.002 | ||||||
| 第1~35天Days 1 to 35 | 33.79±1.22b | 37.04±0.83ab | 34.43±0.89b | 38.99±0.56a | <0.001 | ||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | |||||||||||
| 第1~14天Days 1 to 14 | 73.26±1.24 | 77.73±3.68 | 70.44±2.82 | 72.31±1.68 | 0.235 | ||||||
| 第15~35天Days 15 to 35 | 150.30±6.43 | 149.96±8.20 | 162.02±7.10 | 162.43±3.04 | 0.338 | ||||||
| 第1~35天Days 1 to 35 | 119.69±5.01 | 121.07±3.79 | 125.39±3.00 | 126.39±4.66 | 0.784 | ||||||
| 料重比F/G | |||||||||||
| 第1~14天Days 1 to 14 | 2.15±0.08 | 2.19±0.09 | 2.19±0.06 | 2.17±0.06 | 0.405 | ||||||
| 第15~35天Days 15 to 35 | 4.56±0.19a | 3.96±0.26b | 4.54±0.16a | 3.84±0.14b | 0.011 | ||||||
| 第1~35天Days 1 to 35 | 3.49±0.35 | 3.27±0.10 | 3.66±0.15 | 3.25±0.11 | 0.153 | ||||||
| 初始组总重Initial group weight/g | 30 292.00 | 30 314.40 | 30 313.60 | 30 311.60 | |||||||
| 终末组总重Final group weight/g | 60 134.73 | 71 898.40 | 66 738.60 | 74 283.65 | |||||||
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 30.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 12.50 | 0.203 | ||||||
| 死亡率Mortality/% | 22.50 | 12.50 | 15.00 | 12.50 | 0.111 | ||||||
| 健康风险指数HRI/% | 52.50a | 32.50b | 30.00b | 25.00b | 0.009 | ||||||
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same letter or no letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 生物蛋白API和APL单独或联合添加对肉兔血清和肠道免疫指标的影响
表4 生物蛋白API和APL单独或联合添加对肉兔血清和肠道免疫指标的影响Table 4 Effects of individual or combined supplementation of biological proteins API and APL on serum and intestinal immune indices of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | API | APL | CBP | ||
| 血清Serum | |||||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 1 418.54±71.56b | 1 782.98±91.58a | 1 847.28±88.81a | 1 781.86±66.62a | 0.005 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(g/L) | 27.91±2.39c | 25.98±3.04c | 49.60±2.94a | 38.03±1.41b | <0.001 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 1 557.39±113.56b | 1 668.93±114.57b | 1 880.32±84.55b | 2 290.26±181.09a | 0.004 |
| 分泌型免疫球蛋白A sIgA/(μg/mg prot) | |||||
| 十二指肠Duodenum | 8.53±0.21 | 8.69±1.08 | 7.24±0.81 | 7.38±0.57 | 0.394 |
| 空肠Jejunum | 6.15±0.24 | 7.06±0.53 | 6.51±0.28 | 6.08±0.38 | 0.259 |
| 回肠Ileum | 0.95±0.04b | 1.13±0.02a | 0.99±0.03ab | 1.07±0.07ab | 0.013 |
2.3 生物蛋白API和APL单独或联合添加对肉兔肠道紧密连接相关基因表达的影响
图1 生物蛋白API和APL单独或联合添加对肉兔肠道紧密连接相关基因表达的影响数据柱标记不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。图2同。 Fig.1 Effects of individual or combined supplementation of biological proteins API and APL on expression of genes related to intestinal tight junction of meat rabbits Value columns with different letters indicated significant difference (P<0.05). The same as Fig.2. |
2.4 生物蛋白API和APL单独或联合添加对肉兔肠道及脾脏免疫相关基因表达的影响
2.5 生物蛋白API和APL单独或联合添加对肉兔盲肠发酵产物和微生物数量的影响
表5 生物蛋白API和APL单独或联合添加对肉兔盲肠发酵产物和微生物数量的影响Table 5 Effects of individual or combined supplementation of biological proteins API and APL on cecal fermentation products and microbial count of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | API | APL | CBP | ||||||||
| 总菌Total bacteria/[lg(CFU/g)] | 10.89±0.05a | 10.82±0.03ab | 10.71±0.03b | 10.73±0.06b | 0.023 | ||||||
| 大肠杆菌Escherichia coli/[lg(CFU/g)] | 5.16±0.59 | 4.65±0.49 | 6.21±0.49 | 5.99±0.52 | 0.157 | ||||||
| 乳酸杆菌Lactobacillus/[lg(CFU/g)] | 5.98±0.16 | 5.85±0.13 | 5.66±0.12 | 6.03±0.27 | 0.235 | ||||||
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(mmol/L) | 48.38±3.80 | 42.72±2.10 | 47.09±2.77 | 42.57±1.36 | 0.315 | ||||||
| 乙酸比例Acetic acid ratio/% | 78.67±1.21 | 77.42±0.95 | 75.99±1.24 | 75.63±1.10 | 0.239 | ||||||
| 丙酸比例Propionic acid ratio/% | 6.98±0.35 | 6.41±0.69 | 5.93±0.39 | 6.34±0.56 | 0.563 | ||||||
| 丁酸比例Butyric acid ratio/% | 14.24±1.01 | 15.17±1.01 | 16.16±1.45 | 17.53±0.80 | 0.208 | ||||||
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA/(mg/g) | 2.43±0.25 | 2.52±0.16 | 2.90±0.11 | 3.16±0.26 | 0.070 | ||||||

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