1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计和饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 原料Ingredients | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 膨化玉米Puffed corn | 40.00 | 水分Moisture | 8.19 | |
| 膨化豆粕Puffed soybean meal | 13.00 | 粗蛋白质CP | 22.26 | |
| 膨化小麦粉Puffed wheat flour | 13.00 | 粗脂肪EE | 5.33 | |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 10.00 | 粗灰分Ash | 5.81 | |
| 鸡肉粉Chicken meal | 10.00 | 碳水化合物CHO | 54.50 | |
| 肉骨粉Meat and bone meal | 9.00 | 粗纤维CF | 3.91 | |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 2.00 | 钙Ca | 0.81 | |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.80 | 总磷TP | 0.76 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.10 | 赖氨酸Lys | 1.34 | |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.60 | 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.98 | |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.50 | 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 14.69 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
1)每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 625 000 IU,VD3 100 000 IU,VE 6 000 IU,VK3 200 mg,VB1 1 250 mg,VB2 900 mg,VB6 750 mg,VB12 2.25 mg,生物素 biotin 10 mg,叶酸 folic acid 150 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 2 500 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 1 750 mg,VC 10 050 mg,胆碱 choline 240 000 mg,Fe 9 600 mg,Cu 1 800 mg,Zn 7 800 mg,Mn 4 800 mg,I 144 mg,Co 24 mg,Se 30 mg。 2)代谢能和碳水化合物为计算值,其他营养水平为实测值。ME and CHO were calculated values, while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
表2 基础饲粮中添加磷虾粉和磷虾油后试验组饲粮主要营养成分含量Table 2 Main nutrient contents of diets of experimental groups after adding krill meal and krill oil in basal diet % |
| 项目 Items | 粗蛋白质 CP | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗灰分 Ash | 二十二碳六烯酸 EPA | 二十碳五烯酸 DHA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B组Group B | 22.37 | 5.65 | 5.80 | 0.28 | 0.14 |
| C组Group C | 22.37 | 5.65 | 5.80 | 0.39 | 0.21 |
| D组Group D | 22.69 | 5.85 | 5.85 | 0.45 | 0.22 |
| E组Group E | 21.39 | 5.97 | 5.79 | 0.55 | 0.29 |
| G组Group G | 23.35 | 6.26 | 5.95 | 0.78 | 0.38 |
| H组Group H | 23.12 | 6.37 | 5.89 | 0.88 | 0.44 |
1.3 样品采集
1.4 指标测定
1.4.1 饲粮营养成分
1.4.2 血清抗氧化指标
1.4.3 血清蛋白和免疫指标
1.4.4 血清炎症因子含量
1.4.5 血清肠道屏障标志物含量
1.4.6 粪便微生物组成
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬血清抗氧化指标的影响
表3 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary different proportions of krill oil and krill meal on serum antioxidant indices of Beagle dogs |
| 项目 Items | 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别Groups | ||||
| A | 39.23±11.09c | 308.51±5.01c | 32.16±19.82 | 1.55±0.27 |
| B | 54.20±37.54c | 310.21±2.58bc | 44.55±31.16 | 1.64±0.21 |
| C | 64.87±20.05bc | 311.54±2.46abc | 48.11±7.86 | 1.99±0.37 |
| D | 90.68±35.57ab | 312.15±2.19ab | 58.38±8.39 | 1.77±0.18 |
| E | 95.52±17.77ab | 313.24±0.80ab | 54.20±18.17 | 2.00±0.57 |
| G | 95.06±13.67ab | 314.21±1.57a | 56.85±22.82 | 1.78±0.42 |
| H | 120.93±51.50a | 312.87±0.76ab | 52.93±6.98 | 1.49±0.26 |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | 0.009 | 0.227 | 0.102 |
2.2 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬血清蛋白指标影响
表4 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬血清蛋白指标的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary different proportions of krill oil and krill meal on serum protein indices of Beagle dogs g/L |
| 项目Items | 总蛋白TP | 球蛋白GLOB | 尿蛋白PRO |
|---|---|---|---|
| 组别Groups | |||
| A | 99.13±30.19c | 62.27±30.89c | 98.39±10.87 |
| B | 97.60±20.77c | 60.33±20.43c | 95.17±12.86 |
| C | 123.07±29.63bc | 83.12±35.11c | 94.12±14.52 |
| D | 124.27±10.56bc | 87.84±8.26bc | 85.80±12.68 |
| E | 185.77±17.48a | 148.23±15.18a | 88.77±10.77 |
| G | 163.59±46.31a | 126.38±47.72a | 91.86±4.89 |
| H | 159.49±26.49ab | 122.64±32.48b | 87.46±13.59 |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.061 |
2.3 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬血清免疫指标影响
表5 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬血清免疫指标的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary different proportions of krill oil and krill meal on serum immune indices of Beagle dogs μg/mL |
| 项目Items | 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 免疫球蛋白M IgM |
|---|---|---|---|
| 组别Groups | |||
| A | 11.58±2.29c | 211.09±54.22bc | 3.28±1.47c |
| B | 13.52±1.37bc | 203.23±31.76c | 4.08±1.80bc |
| C | 13.57±1.95bc | 227.75±18.44bc | 4.06±1.07bc |
| D | 14.71±2.11abc | 212.03±26.96bc | 4.96±0.96ab |
| E | 15.78±2.82ab | 254.96±25.90ab | 5.28±0.48ab |
| G | 17.87±4.67a | 277.91±19.44a | 5.34±0.76ab |
| H | 15.89±2.17ab | 255.58±68.40ab | 5.77±1.10a |
| P值P-value | 0.008 | 0.014 | 0.008 |
2.4 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬血清炎症因子含量的影响
表6 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬炎症因子含量的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary different proportions of krill oil and krill meal on serum inflammatory factor contents of Beagle dogs |
| 项目 Items | 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β/(ng/L) | 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(pg/mL) | 白细胞介素-10 IL-10/(ng/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别Groups | ||||
| A | 66.52±28.94 | 53.17±21.08a | 305.81±18.15 | 226.92±14.71c |
| B | 55.64±7.63 | 42.14±12.15ab | 252.36±39.23 | 241.51±12.10bc |
| C | 53.18±5.73 | 39.13±13.57ab | 306.02±38.49 | 258.33±23.76ab |
| D | 59.05±6.33 | 39.44±7.47ab | 306.22±33.22 | 264.74±21.11ab |
| E | 55.90±15.40 | 36.90±6.89b | 268.21±11.00 | 264.42±10.79ab |
| G | 52.78±6.70 | 35.04±3.70b | 255.00±21.49 | 272.92±29.69a |
| H | 41.35±13.56 | 28.61±5.17b | 235.28±29.83 | 272.28±23.01a |
| P值P-value | 0.154 | 0.036 | 0.454 | 0.003 |
2.5 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬血清肠道屏障标志物含量的影响
表7 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬血清肠道屏障标志物含量的影响Table 7 Effects of dietary different proportions of krill oil and krill meal on serum intestinal barrier marker contents of Beagle dogs |
| 项目 Items | 总胆汁酸 TBA/(μmol/L) | 二胺氧化酶 DAO/(nmol/mL) | D-乳酸 D-LA/(μg/L) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 组别Groups | |||
| A | 4.28±2.82 | 0.81±0.19 | 24.44±7.42a |
| B | 3.54±3.25 | 0.75±0.50 | 20.46±3.22ab |
| C | 2.40±1.37 | 0.69±0.16 | 20.65±2.92ab |
| D | 3.42±2.13 | 0.50±0.24 | 14.65±4.21c |
| E | 3.60±2.15 | 0.67±0.21 | 15.71±3.86bc |
| G | 3.03±1.13 | 0.64±0.19 | 16.50±1.22bc |
| H | 2.68±1.94 | 0.56±0.27 | 12.19±5.88c |
| P值P-value | 0.816 | 0.512 | 0.001 |
2.6 饲粮不同比例磷虾油和磷虾粉对比格犬粪便微生物组成的影响
2.6.1 α多样性
2.6.2 β多样性
图2 基于Bray-Curtis距离的属水平UPGMA聚类树Bray Curtis Distance:Bray-Curtis距离;Relative abundance:相对丰度;Lactobacillus:乳杆菌属;Ligilactobacillus:联合乳杆菌属;Romboutsia:罗姆布茨菌属;Turicibacter:苏黎世杆菌属;Collinsella:柯林斯菌属;Streptococcus:链球菌属;Bifidobacterium:双歧杆菌属;Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1:狭义梭菌属1;Blautia:经黏液真杆菌属;Dubosiella:杜伯氏菌属;Others:其他。 Fig.2 Genus-level UPGMA clustering tree based on Bray-Curtis distance |
2.6.3 物种组成
图3 比格犬粪便微生物物种组成Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Fusobacteriota:梭杆菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Lactobacillus:乳杆菌属;Ligilactobacillus:联合乳杆菌属;Romboutsia:罗姆布茨菌属;Turicibacter:苏黎世杆菌属;Collinsella:柯林斯菌属;Streptococcus:链球菌属;Bifidobacterium:双歧杆菌属;Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1:狭义梭菌属1;Blautia:经黏液真杆菌属;Dubosiella:杜伯氏菌属。 Fig.3 Fecal microbial species composition of Beagle dogs |
2.6.4 线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)分析
图4 比格犬粪便微生物LEfSe分析Erysipelatoclostridium:丹毒丝菌属;Terrisporobacter:土孢杆菌属:Holdemanella:霍尔德曼氏菌属:Clostridia_UCG_014:梭菌目UCG_014;Bacillales:芽孢杆菌目;Bacillaceae:芽孢杆菌科;Bacillus:芽孢杆菌属;Bifidobacterium_animalis:动物双歧杆菌;Actinobacteria:放线菌纲;Bifidobacteriales:双歧杆菌目;Bifidobacteriaceae:双歧杆菌科;Bifidobacterium:双歧杆菌属;Bifidobacterium_pullorum:小鸡双歧杆菌。 Fig.4 Fecal microbial LEfSe analysis of Beagle dogs |

京公网安备 11010802041926号