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纤维素分解菌与布氏乳杆菌联合接种对青贮玉米发酵品质、有氧稳定性和瘤胃降解参数的影响

  • 张凡凡 ,
  • 张玉琳 ,
  • 王旭哲 ,
  • 贾舒安 ,
  • 马春晖
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  • 1. 石河子大学动物科技学院, 石河子 832000;
    2. 新疆维吾尔自治区动物卫生监督所, 乌鲁木齐 830011
张凡凡(1989-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,副教授,博士,研究方向为饲草生产与加工。E-mail:zhangfanfan@shzu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2020-08-17

  网络出版日期: 2021-03-18

基金资助

国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34);国家自然科学基金项目(31460637);新疆生产建设兵团科技特派员创新创业计划项目(2019CB034)

Effects of Cellulose Decomposing Bacteria and Lactobacillus buchneri Combined Culture on Fermentation Quality, Aerobic Stability and Rumen Degradation Parameters of Corn Silage

  • ZHANG Fanfan ,
  • ZHANG Yulin ,
  • WANG Xuzhe ,
  • JIA Shu'an ,
  • MA Chunhui
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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
    2. Institute of Animal Health Supervision of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, China

Received date: 2020-08-17

  Online published: 2021-03-18

Supported by

 

摘要

本试验旨在探究纤维素分解菌(CDB)与布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)联合接种对青贮玉米发酵品质、有氧稳定性和瘤胃降解参数的影响。试验采用真空袋法调制全株玉米,共设计3个发酵处理,CK处理不添加任何菌剂;Y处理添加4.7×105 CFU/g Lactobacillus buchneri;YX处理添加4.7×105 CFU/g Lactobacillus buchneri和纤维素分解菌,其中纤维素分解菌为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),添加比例为2:1:1(质量比),添加量为0.3%。对3个处理发酵60 d时营养物质含量、主要微生物数量、瘤胃降解参数及开袋后第5天有氧稳定性进行分析。结果表明:1)发酵60 d时,Y处理pH显著低于CK和YX处理(P<0.05),Y处理干物质含量显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),CK处理可溶性碳水化合物含量显著高于Y和YX处理(P<0.05),YX处理乳酸和粗脂肪含量显著高于CK和Y处理(P<0.05),YX处理乙酸含量显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),YX处理中性洗涤纤维含量显著低于CK和Y处理(P<0.05)。各处理间氨态氮、淀粉、粗蛋白质、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分含量及主要微生物(好氧细菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、霉菌)数量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)开袋第5天时,Y处理和CK处理的pH和霉菌数量显著低于YX处理(P<0.05),YX和Y处理的二氧化碳浓度显著低于CK处理(P<0.05),Y和YX处理有氧稳定性显著高于CK处理(P<0.05)。各处理间好氧细菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌数量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3) Y处理的干物质基础含量显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),CK处理的干物质有效降解率显著高于YX处理(P<0.05)。YX处理的中性洗涤纤维基础含量显著低于Y和CK处理(P<0.001),YX处理的中性洗涤纤维慢速降解部分的降解速率显著高于Y处理(P<0.05)。各处理间其余各指标降解参数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结合10项产生显著差异的指标进行模糊相似优先比分析综合评价,结果表明YX处理 > Y处理 > CK处理。由此可见,Lactobacillus buchneri单独或与纤维素分解菌联合接种可有效改善青贮玉米的发酵品质,提高青贮的有氧稳定性,纤维素分解菌和Lactobacillus buchneri联合接种效果最好。

本文引用格式

张凡凡 , 张玉琳 , 王旭哲 , 贾舒安 , 马春晖 . 纤维素分解菌与布氏乳杆菌联合接种对青贮玉米发酵品质、有氧稳定性和瘤胃降解参数的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(3) : 1735 -1746 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.03.054

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of cellulose decomposing bacteria (CDB) and Lactobacillus buchneri combined culture on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and rumen degradation parameters of corn silage. The whole plant corn was prepared by vacuum bag method, three treatments were designed, treatment CK added no bacterial agent; treatment Y added 4.7×105 CFU/g Lactobacillus buchneri; treatment YX added 4.7×105 CFU/g Lactobacillus buchneri and cellulose decomposing bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria were Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis, at a ratio of 2:1:1 (mass ratio), and the addition amount is 0.3%. The nutrient contents, main microbial numbers, rumen degradation parameters on the 60 day of fermentation and aerobic stability on the 5th day after opening the bag of 3 treatments were analyzed. The results showed as follows: 1) on the 60 day of fermentation, the pH of treatment Y was significantly lower than that of treatments CK and YX, the dry matter content of treatment Y was significantly higher than that of treatment CK (P<0.05), the water soluble carbohydrate content of treatment CK was significantly higher than that of treatment Y and YX (P<0.05), the contents of lactic acid and ether extract of treatment YX were significantly higher than those of treatments CK and Y (P<0.05), the acetic acid content of treatment YX was significantly higher than that of treatment CK (P<0.05), and the neutral detergent fiber content of treatment YX was significantly lower than that of treatments CK and Y (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on ammonia nitrogen, starch, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, crude ash contents and main microbial (aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, mold) numbers among all treatments (P>0.05). 2) On the 5th day after opening the bag, the pH and mold number of treatments Y and CK were significantly lower than those of treatment YX (P<0.05), the carbon dioxide concentration of treatments YX and Y was significantly lower than that of treatment CK (P<0.05), the aerobic stability of treatments Y and YX was significantly higher than that of treatment CK (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast numbers among all treatments (P>0.05). 3) The dry matter basic content of treatment Y was significantly higher than that of treatment CK (P<0.05), and the dry matter effective degradability of treatment CK was significantly higher than that of treatment CK (P<0.05). The neutral detergent fiber basic content of treatment YX was significantly lower than that of treatments Y and CK (P<0.05), and the degradation rate of slow degradation part of neutral detergent fiber of treatment YX was significantly higher than that of treatment Y (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on degradation parameters of other indexes among all treatments (P>0.05). The fuzzy similarity priority ratio analysis comprehensive evaluation was based on 10 indexes with significant difference, it showed that treatment YX > treatment Y > treatment CK. In conclusion, the Lactobacillus buchneri culture alone of combined culture with cellulose decomposing bacteria can effectively improve the fermentation quality of corn silage, improve the aerobic stability of silage, and cellulose decomposing bacteria CDB and Lactobacillus buchneri combined culture is the best.

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