动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 5: 2848 - 2863

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.05.043

水产动物营养与饲料 AQUATIC ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEED

菌酶协同发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响

  • 陈晓瑛 ,
  • 陈绍坚 ,
  • 黄文 ,
  • 王国霞 ,
  • 黄敏 ,
  • 吴浩敏 ,
  • 曹俊明 ,
  • 孙育平
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  • 1. 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室, 广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室, 广州 510640;
    2. 广州飞禧特生物科技有限公司, 广州 510642;
    3. 广东海纳川生物科技股份有限公司, 佛山 528500
陈晓瑛(1987-),女,福建漳平人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事水产动物营养与饲料学研究。E-mail:524852502@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-09-23

  网络出版日期: 2021-05-14

基金资助

广东省促进经济发展专项资金海洋经济发展项目（GD0E[2019]A22）；佛山市财政专项资金——2019年度共建广东农业科技示范市项目

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Effects of Fishmeal Replacement by Fermented Soybean Meal with Bacteria and Enzyme on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical, Immune and Antioxidant Indexes and Hepatic Histology of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmonides)

  • CHEN Xiaoying ,
  • CHEN Shaojian ,
  • HUANG Wen ,
  • WANG Guoxia ,
  • HUANG Min ,
  • WU Haomin ,
  • CAO Junming ,
  • SUN Yuping
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  • 1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
    2. Guangzhou Fishtech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510642, China;
    3. Guangdong Hinabiotech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528500, China

Received date: 2020-09-23

  Online published: 2021-05-14

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摘要

本试验旨在研究菌酶协同发酵豆粕（FSBE）替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmonides）生长性能、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响。采用等氮（50%粗蛋白质）等脂（10%粗脂肪）原则，在对照饲料（T0，50%鱼粉）基础上，用FSBE分别替代10%（FSBE10）、20%（FSBE20）、30%（FSBE30）和40%（FSBE40）鱼粉，并用豆粕（SB）替代30%鱼粉作为负对照饲料（SB30）。选取初始体均重为（5.08±0.01）g的大口黑鲈600尾，随机分为6组（每组4个重复，每个重复25尾），分别投喂6种试验饲料，饲喂8周。结果表明：1）FSBE替代鱼粉比例>20%时，终末体均重、特定生长率和摄食率显著下降（P<0.05），饲料系数显著升高（P<0.05）；FSBE替代鱼粉比例>10%时，蛋白质效率和脂肪效率显著降低（P<0.05）。FSBE30组摄食率和饲料系数显著高于SB30组（P<0.05），而蛋白质效率和脂肪效率则相反（P<0.05）。各试验组间成活率无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）随着FSBE替代比例升高，肝体比和脏体比显著下降（P<0.05）。FSBE30组脏体比和腹脂率显著高于SB30组（P<0.05）。3）随着FSBE替代比例升高，粗脂肪、钙含量显著下降（P<0.05）。除水分外，粗蛋白质、灰分和总磷含量均下降（P>0.05）。FSBE30组仅总磷含量低于SB30组（P>0.05）。4）FSBE替代鱼粉比例>20%时，血清甘油三酯（TG）含量显著下降（P<0.05），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量和谷草转氨酶（GPT）活性显著升高（P<0.05）。SB30组血清GPT活性显著高于FSBE30组（P<0.05）。5）随着FSBE替代比例升高，血清中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、溶菌酶（LZM）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05），而总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性显著升高（P<0.05）。除T-AOC和LZM外，FSBE30组中其他血清免疫和抗氧化指标均显著高于SB30组（P<0.05），且MDA含量、AKP、ACP及LZM活性在2组间差异显著（P<0.05）。6）FSBE替代鱼粉可造成空泡化肝细胞数量增加，并引起炎性细胞灶性浸润程度加剧。SB30组肝脏血窦扩张及其局部血管周围可见炎性细胞灶性浸润程度较FBSE30组明显。综上所述，FSBE过高比例替代鱼粉可对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标、肝脏组织形态产生明显的不良影响。在鱼粉含量为50%的饲料中，FSBE替代鱼粉比例≤20%不会对大口黑鲈生长和饲料利用产生不利影响。

关键词： 菌酶协同发酵豆粕; 大口黑鲈; 生长性能; 血清生化; 免疫和抗氧化; 肝脏组织形态

本文引用格式

陈晓瑛 , 陈绍坚 , 黄文 , 王国霞 , 黄敏 , 吴浩敏 , 曹俊明 , 孙育平 . 菌酶协同发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(5) : 2848 -2863 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.05.043

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fishmeal replacement by fermented soybean meal with bacteria and enzyme (FSBE) in diet on growth performance, serum biochemical, immune and antioxidant indexes and hepatic histology of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmonides). According to isonitrogenic (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) principle, based on the control group (T0) diet (50% fishmeal), experimental diets used 10% (FSBE10), 20% (FSBE20), 30% (FSBE30) and 40% (FSBE40) FSBE replaced fishmeal, respectively. Additionally, common soybean meal (SB) replaced 30% fish meal as the negative control group (SB30). A total of 600 largemouth bass with an average body weight of (5.08±0.01) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 fish per replicate. Six kinds of diets were hand-fed to visual satiation at two meals per day for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows:1) the final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) and feeding rate (FR) decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased significantly (P<0.05) when the rate of fishmeal replaced by FSBE was more than 20%. Compared with the control, the protein efficiency ratio (PER) and fat efficiency ratio (FER) significantly reduced when the rate of fishmeal replaced by FSBE was more than 10% (P<0.05). FR and FCR in FSBE30 group were significantly higher than those in SB30 group (P<0.05), however PER and FER were on the contrary (P<0.05). 2) With the FSBE replacement rate increased, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscera somatic index (VSI) decreased significantly (P<0.05). VSI and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) in FSBE30 group were significantly higher than those in SB30 group (P<0.05). 3) With the FSBE replacement rate increased, ether extract and calcium contents decreased significantly (P<0.05).Expect for moisture content, crude protein, ash and total phosphorus contents all decreased (P>0.05). The total phosphorus content in FSBE30 group was lower than that in SB30 group (P>0.05). 4) When the rate of fishmeal replaced by FSBE was more than 20%, serum triglyceride (TG) content decreased significantly (P<0.05), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content and glutamate transaminase (GPT) activity increased significantly (P<0.05). The serum GPT activity in SB30 group was significantly higher than that in FSBE30 group (P<0.05). 5) With the FSBE replacement rate increased, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lysozyme (LZM) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) significantly increased (P<0.05). Except for T-AOC and LZM, the other serum immune and antioxidant indexes in FSBE30 group were significantly higher than those in SB30 group (P<0.05), and MDA content, AKP, ACP and LZM activities in FSBE30 group had significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). 6) FSBE replacement fishmeal induced an increasing of hepatocytes vacuolated and inflammatory cell aggravated. The degree of infiltration of inflammatory cells was more obvious in SB30 group than in FBSE30 group. In summary, excessive FSBE replacement rate of fishmeal has adverse effect on growth performance, serum biochemical, immune and antioxidant indexes, and hepatic histology. In the diet with fishmeal content of 50%, the rate of fishmeal replaced by FSBE≤20% would not have adverse effects on the growth and feed utilization of largemouth bass.

Key words： fermented soybean meal with bacteria and enzyme; largemouth bass; growth performance; serum biochemical index; immune and antioxidant; hepatic histology1

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