1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 菌种活化及扩培
1.2.2 菌种间拮抗关系
1.2.3 发酵基料的优化
1.2.4 发酵条件的优化
表1 复合益生菌发酵条件正交试验因素水平表[L9(33)]Table 1 Factor level table of orthogonal test of compound probiotic fermentation conditions [L9(33)] |
| 水平 levels | 因素Factors | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| pH(A) | 接菌量 Inoculation amount (B)/% | 发酵时间 Fermentation time (C)/d | |
| 1 | 5 | 6 | 5 |
| 2 | 6 | 8 | 7 |
| 3 | 7 | 10 | 9 |
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 菌种间拮抗关系的结果
2.2 发酵基料的优化
2.2.1 玉米粉添加量对复合益生菌发酵白酒糟的影响
图3 玉米粉添加量对复合益生菌发酵白酒糟的影响不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P≤0.01),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P≤0.05),无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下图同。 Fig.3 Effects of corn meal addition on distiller’s grains fermented by compound probiotics Different capital letters indicate extremely significant difference (P≤0.01), different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P≤0.05), while no letter or the same letter indicate no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2.2 麦麸添加量对复合益生菌发酵白酒糟的影响
2.2.3 菜籽粕添加量对复合益生菌发酵白酒糟的影响
2.3 发酵条件的优化
2.3.1 发酵时间对复合益生菌发酵白酒糟的影响
2.3.2 发酵温度对复合益生菌发酵白酒糟的影响
2.3.3 初始pH对复合益生菌发酵白酒糟的影响
2.3.4 接菌量对复合益生菌发酵白酒糟的影响
2.3.5 正交试验结果
表2 正交试验结果与分析Table 2 Orthogonal test results and analysis |
| 试验号 Experiment number | A | B | C | 粗蛋白质含量 Crude protein content/% | 中性洗涤 纤维含量 Neutral detergent fiber content/% | 酸性洗 涤纤维含量 Acid detergent fiber content/% | pH降低值 pH dereased value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 23.21±0.36Bbc | 46.30±0.33BCc | 23.09±0.16BCbc | -0.05±0.11Ef |
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 22.91±0.27Bc | 50.94±0.40Aa | 23.99±0.35ABa | -0.11±0.07Ef |
| 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 23.67±0.26ABb | 47.11±0.28Bb | 24.26±0.31Aa | 0.17±0.14De |
| 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 24.25±0.16Aa | 45.59±0.72Cd | 23.23±0.18BCbc | 0.68±0.03Cc |
| 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 22.92±0.19Bc | 42.24±0.23Df | 22.17±0.33Dd | 0.90±0.12BCb |
| 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 22.90±0.33Bc | 43.21±0.43De | 23.43±0.21Bb | 0.81±0.12BCbc |
| 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 23.07±0.26Bc | 42.73±0.46Def | 22.99±0.23BCc | 1.00±0.10Bb |
| 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 22.90±0.14Bc | 46.00±0.17Ccd | 22.81±0.14Cc | 1.00±0.14Bb |
| 9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 23.01±0.42Bc | 46.41±0.28BCc | 23.05±0.24BCbc | 1.63±0.14Aa |
| 粗蛋白质含量Crude protein content/% | |||||||
| K1 | 23.262 | 23.510 | 23.003 | ||||
| K2 | 23.357 | 22.910 | 23.390 | ||||
| K3 | 22.993 | 23.193 | 23.220 | ||||
| R | 0.364 | 0.600 | 0.387 | ||||
| 中性洗涤纤维含量Neutral detergent fiber content/% | |||||||
| K1 | 47.047 | 43.803 | 44.100 | ||||
| K2 | 43.680 | 46.393 | 47.647 | ||||
| K3 | 45.047 | 45.577 | 44.027 | ||||
| R | 3.367 | 2.590 | 3.620 | ||||
| 酸性洗涤纤维含量Acid detergent fiber content/% | |||||||
| K1 | 23.780 | 23.103 | 23.110 | ||||
| K2 | 22.943 | 22.990 | 23.423 | ||||
| K3 | 22.950 | 23.580 | 23.140 | ||||
| R | 0.837 | 0.590 | 0.313 | ||||
| pH降低值pH decreased value | |||||||
| K1 | 0.003 | 0.540 | 0.585 | ||||
| K2 | 0.793 | 0.595 | 0.732 | ||||
| K3 | 1.205 | 0.867 | 0.685 | ||||
| R | 1.202 | 0.327 | 0.147 | ||||
数据肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P≤0.01),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P≤0.05),无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
Different uppercase letters of data shoulder label indicated significant difference (P≤0.01), different lowercase letters indicated significant difference (P≤0.05), no letter or the same letter indicated no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.3.6 正交试验验证结果
表3 复合益生菌发酵白酒糟的最优发酵条件筛选Table 3 Screening of optimal fermentation conditions for distiller’s grains fermentation by compound probiotics |
| 组合 Combination | 粗蛋白质含量 Crude protein content/% | 中性洗涤纤维含量 Neutral detergent fiber content/% | 酸性洗涤纤维含量 Acid detergent fiber content/% | pH降低值 pH decreased value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A2B1C2 | 24.25±0.16a | 45.59±0.72Aa | 23.23±0.18 | 0.68±0.03Bc |
| A2B1C3 | 24.69±0.15a | 44.07±3.05Aab | 24.94±2.37 | 0.89±0.06Bb |
| A2B2C1 | 24.74±0.49a | 42.03±1.71Ab | 22.79±0.79 | 0.75±0.08Bbc |
| A3B3C2 | 23.01±0.42b | 46.41±0.28Aa | 23.05±0.24 | 1.63±0.14Aa |
2.3.7 优化前后白酒糟品质的比较
表4 白酒糟优化前后比较Table 4 Comparison of distiller’s grains before and after optimization |
| 项目 Items | 优化前白酒糟 Distiller’s grains before optimization | 优化发酵前白酒 糟基料 Optimizing distiller’s grains base material before fermentation | 优化发酵后白酒 糟基料 Optimizing distiller’s grains base material after fermentation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 常规营养成分 Regular nutrients | 粗蛋白质含量 Crude protein content/% | 18.40±0.05Aa | 21.34±0.03Bb | 24.74±0.49Cc |
| 中性洗涤纤维含量 Neutral detergent fiber content/% | 64.94±2.28Aa | 59.88±0.10Bb | 42.03±1.71Cc | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维含量 Acid detergent fiber content/% | 49.57±1.55Aa | 32.45±0.08Bb | 22.79±0.79Cc | |
| 菜籽粕抗 营养因子 Anti-nutritional factor of rapeseed meal | 硫代葡萄糖苷 Glucosinnolates/ (μmol/g) | 0 | 0.096±0.006Aa | 0.074±0.004Bb |
| 植酸 Phytic acid/(μmol/g) | 0 | 6.49±0.23Aa | 5.05±0.03Bb | |
| 单宁 Tannins/(nmol/g) | 0 | 735.18±78.20Aa | 904.77±35.17Bb |

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