1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物及材料
1.2 试验设计和饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age |
|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米 Corn | 54.32 | 57.28 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 37.35 | 33.68 |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 3.99 | 5.15 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.17 | 0.08 |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.18 | 0.10 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 1.59 | 1.39 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.10 | 1.02 |
| 氯化钠 NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.54 | 12.96 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 21.50 | 19.52 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 1.16 | 1.02 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.58 | 0.59 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.93 | 0.91 |
| 钙 Ca | 1.00 | 0.95 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.69 | 0.65 |
| 有效磷 AP | 0.45 | 0.40 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 8 000 IU,VD3 2 000 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 15 mg,VB1 2.25 mg,VB2 8.20 mg,VB6 2.80 mg,VB12 0.015 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.95 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 35 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 10 mg,生物素 biotin 0.18 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 700 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate ) 80 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 80 mg,Zn ( as zinc sulfate) 100 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 9 mg,Se ( as sodium selenite) 0.30 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 0.40 mg。 2)代谢能、有效磷和氨基酸为计算值(参考NY/T 33—2004),其余为实测值。ME, AP and amino acids were calculated values according to NY/T 33—2004, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 饲粮营养成分
1.4.2 生长性能
1.4.3 屠宰性能
1.4.4 肉品质和肌肉质构特性
1.4.5 血清生化指标
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of ferulic acid on growth performance of white feather broilers |
| 项目 Items | 日龄 Days of age | 对照组 Control group | 阿魏酸添加水平 Ferulic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||||||
| 100 | 300 | 600 | |||||||
体重 BW/g | 1 | 46.58 | 46.62 | 46.56 | 46.54 | 0.026 | 0.764 | 0.476 | 0.608 |
| 21 | 788.67 | 805.00 | 843.00 | 819.50 | 7.502 | 0.057 | 0.041 | 0.152 | |
| 42 | 2 671.30 | 2 651.85 | 2 702.78 | 2 647.06 | 17.418 | 0.692 | 0.894 | 0.620 | |
平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 1~21 | 50.10 | 50.54 | 49.34 | 50.42 | 0.390 | 0.725 | 0.951 | 0.698 |
| 22~42 | 157.12 | 153.38 | 155.79 | 151.12 | 1.170 | 0.289 | 0.144 | 0.842 | |
| 1~42 | 103.61 | 101.60 | 102.57 | 100.62 | 0.673 | 0.460 | 0.202 | 0.980 | |
平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 1~21 | 35.34 | 36.11 | 37.93 | 36.81 | 0.358 | 0.057 | 0.041 | 0.153 |
| 22~42 | 89.65 | 87.95 | 89.26 | 87.03 | 0.746 | 0.608 | 0.349 | 0.865 | |
| 1~42 | 62.49 | 63.24 | 64.14 | 62.29 | 0.361 | 0.265 | 0.929 | 0.079 | |
料重比 F/G | 1~21 | 1.42a | 1.36b | 1.31c | 1.37ab | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.021 | 0.002 |
| 22~42 | 1.76 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 1.74 | 0.011 | 0.960 | 0.604 | 0.945 | |
| 1~42 | 1.66 | 1.61 | 1.60 | 1.62 | 0.010 | 0.147 | 0.118 | 0.085 | |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响
表3 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of ferulic acid on slaughter performance of white feather broilers% |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 阿魏酸添加水平 Ferulic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||
| 100 | 300 | 600 | ||||||
| 全净膛率 All eviscerated rate | 69.88c | 72.67b | 72.19b | 74.10a | 0.358 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.243 |
| 胸肌率 Breast muscle rate | 29.45b | 30.89a | 30.86a | 30.68a | 0.206 | 0.028 | 0.032 | 0.033 |
| 腿肌率 Leg muscle rate | 21.42 | 21.38 | 21.46 | 20.42 | 0.179 | 0.107 | 0.061 | 0.146 |
| 腹脂率 Abdominal fat rate | 0.72a | 0.41b | 0.39b | 0.46b | 0.046 | 0.029 | 0.036 | 0.027 |
2.3 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡肉品质的影响
表4 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡胸肌肉品质的影响Table 4 Effects of ferulic acid on breast muscle quality of white feather broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 阿魏酸添加水平 Ferulic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||
| 100 | 300 | 600 | ||||||
| 亮度 L* | 53.87 | 52.32 | 51.41 | 53.59 | 0.537 | 0.349 | 0.714 | 0.094 |
| 红度 a* | 6.99 | 7.54 | 7.39 | 7.02 | 0.142 | 0.463 | 0.954 | 0.127 |
| 黄度 b* | 12.38a | 10.03c | 11.18b | 8.24d | 0.338 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.238 |
| pH45 min | 6.71bc | 6.77ab | 6.87a | 6.63c | 0.025 | 0.001 | 0.373 | 0.001 |
| pH24 h | 5.97c | 6.01c | 6.30a | 6.15b | 0.035 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.062 |
| 24 h滴水损失 Drop loss at 24 h/% | 2.02 | 1.44 | 1.29 | 1.79 | 0.126 | 0.163 | 0.448 | 0.036 |
| 失水率 Water loss rate/% | 35.85a | 34.61ab | 32.13b | 31.76b | 0.561 | 0.015 | 0.002 | 0.643 |
| 剪切力 Shear force/N | 15.96 | 12.12 | 15.64 | 16.43 | 0.699 | 0.104 | 0.402 | 0.087 |
表5 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡腿肌肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of ferulic acid on leg muscle quality of white feather broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 阿魏酸添加水平 Ferulic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||
| 100 | 300 | 600 | ||||||
| 亮度 L* | 58.41 | 56.43 | 55.73 | 55.88 | 0.455 | 0.129 | 0.041 | 0.223 |
| 红度 a* | 8.45b | 10.80a | 10.43a | 10.02a | 0.300 | 0.019 | 0.070 | 0.013 |
| 黄度 b* | 10.72 | 10.77 | 10.56 | 10.80 | 0.212 | 0.982 | 0.990 | 0.835 |
| pH45 min | 6.39c | 6.62a | 6.64a | 6.50b | 0.025 | <0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 |
| pH24 h | 6.42 | 6.42 | 6.45 | 6.46 | 0.013 | 0.533 | 0.179 | 0.941 |
| 24 h滴水损失 Drop loss at 24 h/% | 1.58a | 0.99b | 0.71b | 0.95b | 0.095 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| 失水率 Water loss rate/% | 37.47 | 35.33 | 34.86 | 35.80 | 0.383 | 0.075 | 0.094 | 0.038 |
| 剪切力 Shear force/N | 20.04a | 20.70a | 14.14b | 18.90a | 0.625 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.008 |
2.4 饲粮中添加阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡质构特性的影响
表6 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡胸肌质构特性的影响Table 6 Effects of ferulic acid on breast muscle texture characteristics of white feather broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 阿魏酸添加水平 Ferulic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||
| 100 | 300 | 600 | ||||||
| 硬度 Hardness/N | 24.48 | 20.10 | 27.24 | 25.52 | 1.076 | 0.102 | 0.262 | 0.510 |
| 黏附性 Adhesion/N | 0.15d | 0.26b | 0.21c | 0.33a | 0.015 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.644 |
| 内聚性 Cohesiveness/N | 0.21b | 0.27a | 0.28a | 0.26a | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| 弹性 Springiness/mm | 1.01b | 1.22a | 1.07b | 1.11b | 0.023 | 0.003 | 0.427 | 0.025 |
| 胶黏性 Gumminess/N | 5.36b | 7.78b | 11.38a | 11.46a | 0.696 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.233 |
| 咀嚼性 Chewiness/mJ | 4.79b | 9.76a | 11.00a | 12.36a | 0.739 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.069 |
表7 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡腿肌质构特性的影响Table 7 Effects of ferulic acid on leg muscle texture characteristics of white feather broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 阿魏酸添加水平 Ferulic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||
| 100 | 300 | 600 | ||||||
| 硬度 Hardness/N | 76.14a | 71.34a | 54.48b | 63.84ab | 2.556 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.098 |
| 黏附性 Adhesion/N | 0.19b | 0.21a | 0.22a | 0.19b | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.523 | 0.001 |
| 内聚性 Cohesiveness/N | 0.32b | 0.37a | 0.34ab | 0.37a | 0.007 | 0.016 | 0.030 | 0.365 |
| 弹性 Springiness/mm | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.21 | 0.96 | 0.037 | 0.106 | 0.167 | 0.095 |
| 胶黏性 Gumminess/N | 25.06 | 27.84 | 28.92 | 24.81 | 1.044 | 0.436 | 0.973 | 0.116 |
| 咀嚼性 Chewiness/mJ | 30.37 | 28.94 | 29.33 | 22.47 | 1.264 | 0.100 | 0.037 | 0.257 |
2.5 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响
表8 阿魏酸对白羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 8 Effects of ferulic acid on serum biochemical indices of white feather broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 阿魏酸添加水平 Ferulic acid supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||
| 100 | 300 | 600 | ||||||
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 5.10 | 5.41 | 4.94 | 4.80 | 0.103 | 0.178 | 0.134 | 0.259 |
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 486.95 | 463.82 | 505.98 | 405.82 | 26.103 | 0.585 | 0.409 | 0.479 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) | 2 116.65 | 2 337.18 | 2 900.75 | 2 489.05 | 192.889 | 0.559 | 0.351 | 0.431 |
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 31.68 | 32.03 | 31.93 | 31.27 | 0.392 | 0.918 | 0.721 | 0.552 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 11.45 | 11.86 | 11.54 | 12.02 | 0.174 | 0.652 | 0.403 | 0.922 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 3.48 | 3.19 | 3.00 | 3.20 | 0.071 | 0.126 | 0.104 | 0.084 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 0.69a | 0.47b | 0.54b | 0.53b | 0.023 | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.002 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 3.14c | 3.43bc | 4.00a | 3.67ab | 0.092 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.036 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 0.72a | 0.57b | 0.63ab | 0.58b | 0.021 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.191 |
| 肌酸激酶 CK/(U/mL) | 2.47a | 2.34ab | 2.44b | 2.74b | 0.051 | 0.033 | 0.037 | 0.031 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/mL) | 12.70a | 11.36b | 12.59a | 11.48b | 0.206 | 0.018 | 0.132 | 0.750 |

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