1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计与试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 8~28日龄 8 to 28 days of age | 29~49日龄 29 to 49 days of age | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米Corn | 58.65 | 56.00 | |||
| 豆粕Soybean meal (43% CP) | 28.00 | 25.00 | |||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 4.55 | 6.50 | |||
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物 Corn DDGS | 4.00 | ||||
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn protein meal (60% CP) | 3.80 | 3.50 | |||
| 预混料Premix1) | 5.00 | 5.00 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.89 | 13.34 | |||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 20.65 | 20.09 | |||
| 钙Ca | 1.46 | 1.42 | |||
| 总磷TP | 0.47 | 0.46 | |||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.61 | 0.55 | |||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.21 | 1.17 | |||
| 色氨酸Try | 0.20 | 0.19 | |||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.83 | 0.78 | |||
| 精氨酸Arg | 1.23 | 1.18 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 1 200 IU,VE 12 IU,VD 4 000 IU,VK 2 mg,VB1 1.3 mg,VB2 6 mg,VB6 3 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 11 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,烟酰胺 niacinamide 40 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 100 mg,植酸酶 phytase 10 mg。 2)代谢能依据《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2020年第31版)》计算得出,粗蛋白质(GB/T 6432—2018)、钙(GB/T 6436—2018)、总磷(GB/T 6437—2018)及氨基酸含量(GB/T 18246—2019)则参照相应国家标准方法进行实测。ME was calculated according to the Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (31st edition, 2020), while the contents of CP (GB/T 6432—2018), Ca (GB/T 6436—2018), TP (GB/T 6437—2018) and amino acids (GB/T 18246—2019) were determined by reference to the corresponding national standard methods. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 测定指标及方法
1.5.1 生长性能
1.5.2 血清、肝脏与胸肌中硒含量
1.5.3 血清、肝脏中抗氧化指标
1.5.4 肉品质指标
1.6 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同形式硒源对肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 不同形式硒源对肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different forms of selenium sources on growth performance of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HMSeBA | SeNPs | CSe | |||
8~28日龄 8 to 28 days of age | IBW/g | 264.67±2.29 | 264.11±2.09 | 264.22±1.39 | 264.22±2.22 | 0.940 |
| ADFI/g | 90.57±2.57 | 89.51±1.56 | 90.97±1.92 | 91.10±2.55 | 0.418 | |
| ADG/g | 60.99±1.14 | 61.21±1.94 | 61.33±1.41 | 61.25±1.63 | 0.972 | |
| F/G | 1.49±0.05 | 1.46±0.06 | 1.48±0.03 | 1.48±0.06 | 0.765 | |
29~49日龄 29 to 49 days of age | FBW/g | 1 545.56±25.30 | 1 549.44±40.73 | 1 552.22±29.91 | 1 550.56±33.95 | 0.977 |
| ADFI/g | 135.71±2.54 | 136.82±2.65 | 137.19±1.96 | 138.41±4.79 | 0.366 | |
| ADG/g | 77.50±10.54 | 82.69±7.61 | 78.04±10.89 | 77.75±8.53 | 0.613 | |
| F/G | 1.78±0.27 | 1.67±0.15 | 1.70±0.19 | 1.80±0.24 | 0.502 | |
| FBW/g | 3 173.11±203.19 | 3 286.00±167.33 | 3 191.00±212.89 | 3 183.33±169.63 | 0.567 | |
8~49日龄 8 to 49 days of age | ADFI/g | 113.15±2.01 | 113.16±2.05 | 114.08±3.14 | 114.79±1.91 | 0.388 |
| ADG/g | 69.25±4.86 | 71.95±3.94 | 69.69±5.07 | 69.50±4.02 | 0.563 | |
| F/G | 1.64±0.11 | 1.58±0.10 | 1.65±0.15 | 1.65±0.09 | 0.457 | |
| MR/% | 3.33±5.00 | 3.33±5.00 | 1.11±3.33 | 0.00±0.00 | 0.107 | |
IBW:始重;FBW:末重;ADG:平均日增重;ADFI:平均日采食量;F/G:料重比;MR:死亡率。 同行数据肩标无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
IBW: initial body weight; FBW: final body weight; ADG: average daily gain; ADFI: average daily feed intake; F/G: feed to gain ratio; MR: mortality rate. | |
Values within the same row with no letter or the same small letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different lowercase letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05), and with different uppercase letter superscripts indicated extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 不同形式硒源对肉鸡血液和组织中硒含量的影响
表3 不同形式硒源对肉鸡血清、肝脏与胸肌中硒含量的影响Table 3 Effects of different forms of selenium sources on selenium contents in serum, liver and pectoral muscle of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HMSeBA | SeNPs | CSe | ||
| 血清Serum/(μg/L) | 224.23±14.71b | 240.28±7.22b | 233.33±5.69b | 263.97±17.03a | 0.020 |
| 肝脏Liver/(μg/kg) | 454.28±32.89b | 542.34±22.23a | 506.47±40.05ab | 558.76±39.44a | 0.025 |
| 胸肌Pectoral muscle/(μg/kg) | 121.30±5.48Bb | 204.88±14.94A | 128.80±3.86Bab | 150.86±16.96Ba | <0.001 |
2.3 不同形式硒源对肉鸡抗氧化能力的影响
表4 不同形式硒源对肉鸡血清和肝脏中抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of different forms of selenium sources on antioxidant indices in serum and liver of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HMSeBA | SeNPs | CSe | ||
| 血清Serum | |||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 76.56±56.20b | 182.37±66.01a | 161.72±10.43a | 203.01±19.71a | 0.037 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mL) | 6.54±1.06Bc | 8.67±0.73ABbc | 9.11±0.62ABb | 11.29±1.78Aa | 0.007 |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(mmol/mL) | 0.68±0.06Bc | 0.79±0.01ABb | 0.75±0.07Bbc | 0.88±0.02Aa | 0.004 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 2.91±0.08A | 1.58±0.36Ba | 1.62±0.32Ba | 1.19±0.11Ba | <0.001 |
| 肝脏Liver | |||||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 56.97±9.96b | 80.18±17.3a | 78.62±5.04a | 79.81±9.64a | 0.039 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 3.10±0.32 | 3.35±0.59 | 3.23±0.18 | 3.35±0.71 | 0.576 |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol/mg prot) | 0.68±0.08C | 0.92±0.07Bb | 1.06±0.07ABab | 1.17±0.09Aa | <0.001 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.43±0.05 | 0.34±0.13 | 0.31±0.06 | 0.32±0.12 | 0.468 |
2.4 不同形式硒源对肉鸡肉品质的影响
表5 不同形式硒源对肉鸡胸肌和腿肌肉品质指标的影响Table 5 Effects of different forms of selenium sources on meat quality indices of pectoral muscle and leg muscle of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HMSeBA | SeNPs | CSe | ||||||||||
| 胸肌Pectoral muscle | |||||||||||||
| 亮度L* | 45 min | 52.78±3.63a | 50.42±1.37ab | 46.14±0.39bc | 45.59±2.58c | 0.015 | |||||||
| 红度a* | 45 min | 2.52±0.70b | 3.24±0.12a | 3.59±0.09a | 3.50±0.10a | 0.025 | |||||||
| 黄度b* | 45 min | 11.78±1.90 | 12.92±0.98 | 12.20±1.27 | 12.54±2.51 | 0.875 | |||||||
pH | 45 min | 6.43±0.10 | 6.35±0.04 | 6.41±0.12 | 6.36±0.03 | 0.444 | |||||||
| 24 h | 5.64±0.07 | 5.74±0.09 | 5.71±0.06 | 5.73±0.08 | 0.368 | ||||||||
蒸煮损失 Cooking loss/% | 24 h | 28.87±2.51 | 26.29±0.86 | 27.08±2.34 | 26.96±2.38 | 0.527 | |||||||
| 48 h | 31.97±2.57a | 27.56±2.88ab | 29.78±2.05ab | 25.56±2.18b | 0.012 | ||||||||
| 72 h | 34.97±2.20Aa | 28.64±2.10ABab | 30.72±0.90ABab | 27.56±1.29Bb | 0.003 | ||||||||
滴水损失 Drip loss/% | 24 h | 0.20±0.03 | 0.19±0.01 | 0.18±0.02 | 0.16±0.03 | 0.148 | |||||||
| 48 h | 0.52±0.08 | 0.48±0.05 | 0.48±0.07 | 0.49±0.04 | 0.426 | ||||||||
| 72 h | 0.86±0.03 | 0.74±0.11 | 0.74±0.09 | 0.77±0.05 | 0.119 | ||||||||
| 腿肌Leg muscle | |||||||||||||
| 亮度L* | 45 min | 59.02±5.38 | 57.76±2.93 | 57.15±5.38 | 54.09±4.26 | 0.620 | |||||||
| 红度a* | 45 min | 3.51±0.19 | 3.59±0.15 | 3.87±0.66 | 3.66±0.28 | 0.189 | |||||||
| 黄度b* | 45 min | 8.39±0.89 | 8.73±1.12 | 9.25±0.87 | 9.22±0.28 | 0.576 | |||||||
pH | 45 min | 6.57±0.08 | 6.71±0.08 | 6.72±0.05 | 6.68±0.09 | 0.089 | |||||||
| 24 h | 6.46±0.03 | 6.63±0.13 | 6.65±0.09 | 6.58±0.09 | 0.115 | ||||||||
蒸煮损失 Cooking loss/% | 24 h | 32.50±3.75 | 31.32±4.21 | 32.20±2.67 | 34.23±6.51 | 0.880 | |||||||
| 48 h | 43.45±1.75A | 36.12±2.81Ba | 34.39±1.01Bab | 30.13±3.96Bb | 0.002 | ||||||||
| 72 h | 44.69±8.82a | 33.61±4.37ab | 28.20±4.16b | 28.47±5.11b | 0.029 | ||||||||
滴水损失 Drip loss/% | 24 h | 0.98±0.30 | 0.89±0.70 | 0.92±0.07 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.779 | |||||||
| 48 h | 2.24±0.99 | 1.84±0.81 | 2.14±0.63 | 2.16±1.31 | 0.646 | ||||||||
| 72 h | 4.09±0.40 | 3.35±0.12 | 3.61±0.21 | 3.43±1.43 | 0.293 | ||||||||

京公网安备 11010802041926号