Lead Contamination in Feed Affects Performance, Egg Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Laying Hens

  • ZHU Sha ,
  • ZHANG Aiting ,
  • DAI La ,
  • GU Linying ,
  • ZHU Qiaoming ,
  • ZOU Xiaoting
Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    2. Zhejiang Xinxin Feed Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314005, China

Received date: 2011-09-26

  Online published: 2012-02-28

Supported by

国家蛋鸡产业技术体系建设专项资金(nycytx-41-g16)

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of lead contamination in feed on performance, egg quality and antioxidant indices in serum, liver and kidney of laying hens. Five hundred and seventy-six 40-week-old Hyline laying hens with the similar performance were randomly allocated to four groups (control group, T1 group, T2 group and T3 group), and every group had four replicates with 36 layers each. Lead was added to the basal diet at 0 (control), 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in laying rate and feed-egg ratio among all groups (P>0.05); compared with the control group, the average egg weight in T3 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and the average feed intake in groups T1, T2 and T3 was decreased by 3.72% (P<0.05), 1.93% (P>0.05) and 3.63% (P<0.05) from 1 to 8 weeks, respectively. 2) Lead contamination in feed decreased albumen height and Haugh unit to some extent, but there were no significant differences in them compared with the control group except for albumen height in T3 group (P>0.05). Eggshell strength and thickness in T3 group were both the lowest in all groups. Compared with the control group, eggshell strength in T3 group was declined by 21.89% and 16.84% at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). The variation trend of eggshell thickness was consistent with that of the eggshell strength, and both of them were decreased with the increase of dietary lead level, presenting a dose-effect relationship to some extent. 3) Compared with the control group, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in serum, liver and kidney in experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the malondialehyde (MDA) content was increased to some extent with the increase of dietary lead level. The MDA content in serum and liver in T3 group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The MDA content in kidney in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was a decreasing trend in glutathione (GSH) content and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum, liver and kidney of laying hens. These results indicate that lead can reduce the egg quality, and induce the lipid peroxidation, furthermore, reduce the antioxidant capacity of laying hens.

Cite this article

ZHU Sha , ZHANG Aiting , DAI La , GU Linying , ZHU Qiaoming , ZOU Xiaoting . Lead Contamination in Feed Affects Performance, Egg Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Laying Hens[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2012 , 24(3) : 534 -542 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.03.021

References

[1] ADEMUYIWA O,UGBAJA R N,ABAM E,et al.Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity as a surrogate indicator of lead-induced neurotoxicity in occupational lead exposure in Abeokuta,Nigeria[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2007,24(2):183-188.  
[2] ROBIN G,LARRY A,ELLEN K.Lead:male-mediated effects on reproduction and development in the rat[J].Environmental Research,1999,80(4):355-363.  
[3] JOHNY C P,OSCAR P M,ROLANDO H M,et al.Protective effects of spirulina maxima on hyperlipidemia and oxidative-stress induced by lead acetate in the liver and kidney[J].Lipid in Health and Disease,2010,9:35-42.
[4] WIGLE D T,LANPHEAR B P.Human health risks from low-level environmental exposure:no apparent safety thresholds[J].Reproductive Toxicology,2007,24(2):131-138.  
[5] LEE D H,LIM J S,SONG K,et al.Graded associations of blood lead and urinary cadmium concentrations with oxidative-stress-related markers in the US population: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey[J].Environmental Health Perspective,2007,114(3):350-354.
[6] JURCZUK M,MONIUSZKO-JAKONIUK J,BRZOSKA M M.Involvement of some low-molecular thiols in the peroxidative mechanisms of lead and ethanol action on rat liver and kidney[J].Toxicology,2006,219(1/2/3):11-21.
[7] GURER H,ERCAL N.Can antioxidants be beneficial in the treatment of lead poisoning?[J].Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2000,29(10):927-945.  
[8] SIVAPRASAD R,NAGARAJ M,VARALAKSHMI P.Combined effects of lipoic and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2004,15(1):18-23.  
[9] TERESA A G,LAURA C.Biochemical changes in the kidneys after perinatal intoxication with lead and/or cadmium and their antagonistic effects when coadministered[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2004,57:184-189.
[10] 成军,高丰,潘耀谦,等.仔猪试验性铅中毒的病理学研究[J].中国兽医学报,2004,24(4):372-375.
[11] BAKALLI R I,PESTI G M,RAGLAND W L.The magnitude of lead toxicity in broiler chickens[J]. Veterinary and Human Toxicology,1995,37(1):15-23.
[12] DILSHAD A K,SHAZIA Q,SHAHID S,et al.Lead exposure and its adverse health effects among occupational worker's children[J].Toxicology and Industrial Health,2010,26(8):497-504.  
[13] 余东游.纳米级硅酸盐结构微粒-PBAA-驱除猪饲料铅效果及其机理研究 .博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[14] SHAFIQUR R,JOSHI M V.Effect of lead toxicity on growth and performance of broilers[J]. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science,2009,5(2):59-62.
[15] JENG S L,LEE S J,LIU Y F,et al.Effects of lead ingestion on concentrations of lead in tissues and eggs of laying Tsaiya ducks in Taiwan[J].Poultry Science,1997,76:13-16.
[16] COBURN O R,METZLER D W,TREICHLER R.A study of absorption and retention of lead in wild waterfowl in relation to clinical evidence of lead poisoning[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1951,15(2):186-192.  
[17] HERMAYER K L,STAKE P E,SHIPPE R L.Evaluation of dietary zinc,cadmium,tin,lead,bismuth and arsenic toxicity in hens[J].Poultry Science,1977,56(5):1721-1722.
[18] VODELA J K,RENDEN J A,LENZ S D,et al.Drinking water contaminatants (arsenic,cadmium,lead,benzene and trichloroethylene).Interaction of contaminants with nutrional status on general performance and immune function in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,1997,76:1474-1492.
[19] 王修启,郑海刚,安汝义,等.影响蛋壳质量的因素及改善措施[J].中国家禽,1999,21(7):39-41.
[20] NYHOLM N E I.Influence of heavy metal exposure during different phase of the ontogeny on the development of pied flycatchers,Ficedula hypoleuca,in nature populations[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1998,35(4):632-637.  
[21] 赵立.饲料中铅在鸡种蛋和胚胎中的沉积及其对鸡胚肝肾毒性机理的研究 .博士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2006.
[22] 徐健,颜崇淮,沈晓明,等.铅神经发育毒理的分子机制及相关研究进展[J].中国公共卫生,2005, 21(2):231-233.
[23] 金海丽.PBAN吸附猪日粮中重金属铅效果的研究 .硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[24] SHYAM S C,ANAND K.Protective effects of vitamin E against lead-induced deterioration of membrane associated type-Ⅰ iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinase (5'-D-Ⅰ) activity in male mice[J].Toxicology,1997,124(3):203-209.  
[25] ABDELRAHIM A,HUNAITI M.Effect of lead concentration on the level of glutathione,glutathione S-transferase,reductase and peroxidase in human blood[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2000,248:45-50.
[26] HUNAITI A,SOUD M,KHALIL A.Lead concentration and level of glutathione,glutathione S-tranaferase,reductase and per-oxidase in the blood of some occupational workers from Irbid city,Jordan[J].The Science of the Total Environment,1995,170:95-100.
[27] SAXENA G,PATHAK U,FLORA S J.Beneficial role of monoester of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in the mobilization of lead and recovery of tissues oxidative injury in rats[J].Toxicology,2005,214(1/2):39-56.
[28] 戴伟.饲料铅对罗非鱼的毒性及硅酸盐纳米级微球减轻其毒害影响的研究 .博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[29] NURAN E,PIYANEE T,TERESE C,et al.In vivo indices of oxidative stress in lead-exposed C57BL/6 mice are reduced by treatment with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid or N-acetylcysteine[J].Free Radical Biology and Medicine,1996,21(2):157-161.  
[30] JENG M H.Lead toxicity as related to glutathione metabolism[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1981,111:26-33.
[31] GARCIA-FERNANDEZ A J,BAYOUMI A E, PEREZ-PERTEJO Y,et al.Alterations of the glutathione-redox balance induced by metals in CHO-K1 cells[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology and Physiology Part C:Toxicology Pharmacology,2002,132(3):365-373.  
[32] EMRAH C,METIN A,IHSAN H.Antioxidant effects of methionine,α-lipoic acid,N-acetylcysteine and homocysteine on lead-induced oxidative stress to erythrocytes in rats[J].Experimental and Toxicology Pathology,2008,60(4/5):289-294.
[33] NEHRU B,KANWAR S S.N-acetylcysteine exposure on lead-induced lipid peroxidative damage and oxidative defense system in brain regions of rats[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2004,101(3):257-264.  
[34] JIN X,LING-JUN L,CHEN W,et al.Lead induces oxidative stress,DNA damage and alteration of p53,Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in mice[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2008,48(5):1488-1494.
Outlines

/