Short Communications

Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes: Effects on in Vitro Fermentation and Methane Production of Corn Silage

  • CHEN Xing ,
  • MAO Huiling ,
  • WANG Jiakun ,
  • WU Chenhui ,
  • LIU Jianxin
Expand
  • College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Received date: 2012-07-07

  Online published: 2013-01-04

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro (rumen) fermentation of corn silage. Corn silage as a substrate was added without (control) or with 5 different cellulases (CEL-1, CEL-2, CEL-3, CEL-4 and CEL-5) at 30 units endoglucanase per g of substrate or 6 different xylanses (XYL-1, XYL-2, XYL-3, XYL-4, XYL-5 and XYL-6) at 40 units xylanase per g of substrate using reading pressure technique in a single factor experiment. The results showed as follows: the addition of cellulases resulted in the decreased potential gas production (P<0.05) but the increased rate of gas production (P<0.05) with the highest improvement of the rate of gas production being 82.5% observed in CEL-1 compared with the control group. The addition of xylanase did not affect the gas production parameters (P>0.05) except that the addition of XYL-3 significantly decreased potential gas production (P<0.05). Degradation rates of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were enhanced by the addition of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (P<0.05) except that the addition of XYL-4 did not significantly affect the degradation rate of acid detergent fibre (P>0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration was increased by the addition of XYL-1, XYL-4 and CEL-5 (P<0.05), the molar proportion of acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the molar proportion of propionate was significantly increased (P<0.05), but only the addition of XYL-4 significantly increased the molar proportion of butyrate (P<0.05). The enzymes showed various effects on methane production after 6 and 12 h of incubation, but no effects after 24 h of incubation. It is indicated that addition of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes can increase the degradation rates of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of corn silage, and change methane production at the earlier stage of incubation.

Cite this article

CHEN Xing , MAO Huiling , WANG Jiakun , WU Chenhui , LIU Jianxin . Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes: Effects on in Vitro Fermentation and Methane Production of Corn Silage[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2013 , 25(1) : 214 -221 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.01.027

References

[1] VAN SOEST P J.Nutritional ecology of the ruminant[M].Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1994.
[2] IPCC.Summary for policymakers[M]//METZ B,DAVIDSON O R,BOSCH P R,et al.Climate change 2007:Mitigation.Contribution of Working Group Ⅲ to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007:3-23.
[3] BRUINSMA J.World agriculture:towards 2015/2030:an FAO perspective[M].London:Earthscan/James & James,2003.
[4] BEAUCHEMIN K A,COLOMBATTO D,MORGAVI D P,et al.Mode of action of exogenous cell wall degrading enzymes for ruminants[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2004,84(1):13-22.  
[5] BEAUCHEMIN K A,COLOMBATTO D,MORGAVI D P.A rationale for the development of feed enzyme products for ruminants[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2004,84(1):23-36.  
[6] BEAUCHEMIN K A,COLOMBATTO D,MORGAVI D P,et al.Use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to improve feed utilization by ruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81:E37-E47.
[7] YANG H E,SON Y S,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Effects of exogenous enzymes on ruminal fermentation and degradability of alfalfa hay and rice straw[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2011,24(1):56-64.  
[8] HOLTSHAUSEN L,CHUNG Y H,GERARDO-CUERVO H,et al.Improved milk production efficiency in early lactation dairy cattle with dietary addition of a developmental fibrolytic enzyme additive[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(2):899-907.  
[9] COLOMBATTO D,BEAUCHEMIN K A.A protease additive increases fermentation of alfalfa diets by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(3):1097-1105.
[10] EUN J S,BEAUCHEMIN K A,SCHULZE H.Use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to enhance in vitro fermentation of alfalfa hay and corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(3):1440-1451.  
[11] EUN J S,BEAUCHEMIN K A,SCHULZE H.Use of an in vitro fermentation bioassay to evaluate improvements in degradation of alfalfa hay due to exogenous feed enzymes[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,135(3/4):315-328.
[12] NSEREKO V L,MORGAVI D P,RODE L L M,et al.Effects of fungal enzyme preparations on hydrolysis and subsequent degradation of alfalfa hay fiber by mixed rumen microorganisms in vitro[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000,88(3/4):153-170.
[13] GIRALDO L A,RANILLA M J,TEJIDO M L,et al.Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro rumen fermentation of tropical forages[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences,2004,13:67-70.
[14] CHUNG Y H,ZHOU M,HOLTSHAUSEN L,et al.A fibrolytic enzyme additive for lactating Holstein cow diets:ruminal fermentation,rumen microbial populations,and enteric methane emissions[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(3):1419-1427.  
[15] GRAINGER C,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Can enteric methane emissions from ruminants be lowered without lowering their production?[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,166/167:308-320.
[16] BUDDLE B M,DENIS M,ATTWOOD G T,et al.Strategies to reduce methane emissions from farmed ruminants grazing on pasture[J].The Veterinary Journal,2011,188(1):11-17.  
[17] MARTIN C,MORGAVI D,DOREAU M.Methane mitigation in ruminants:from microbe to the farm scale[J].Animal,2010,4(3):351-365.  
[18] ECKARD R J,GRAINGER C,DE KLEIN C A M.Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production:a review[J].Livestock Science,2010,130(1/2/3):47-56.
[19] BEAUCHEMIN K,MCALLISTER T,MCGINN S.Dietary mitigation of enteric methane from cattle[J].CAB Reviews:Perspectives in Agriculture,Veterinary Science,Nutrition and Natural Resources,2009,4(9):1-18.
[20] BEAUCHEMIN K A,KREUZER M,O'MARA F,et al.Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement:a review[J].Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,2008,48(2):21-27.  
[21] GUIN B P,AUBERT J P.The biological degradation of cellulose[J].Fems Microbiology Reviews,1994,13(1):25-58.  
[22] BIDLACK J,MALONE M,BENSON R.Molecular structure and component integration of secondary cell walls in plants[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1992,72:51-56.
[23] BHAT M,HAZLEWOOD G.Enzymology and other characteristics of cellulases and xylanases //BEDFORD M R,PARTRIDGE G G.Enzymes in farm animal nutrition.Wallingford:CABI,2001:11-60.
[24] COLOMBATTO D,MORGAVI D P,FURTADO A F,et al.Screening of exogenous enzymes for ruminant diets:relationship between biochemical characteristics and in vitro ruminal degradation[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(10):2628-2638.
[25] MILLER G L.Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar[J].Analytical Chemistry,1959,31(3):426-428.  
[26] WOOD T M,BHAT K M.Methods for measuring cellulase activities[M]//WILLIS A,WOOD S T K,ed.Methods in enzymology.New York:Academic Press,1988:87-112.
[27] BAILEY M J,BIELY P,POUTANEN K.Interlaboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanase activity[J].Journal of Biotechnology,1992,23(3):257-270.  
[28] MAURICIO R M,MOULD F L,DHANOA M S,et al.A semi-automated in vitro gas production technique for ruminant feedstuff evaluation[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1999,79(4):321-330.  
[29] GOERING H K,VAN SOEST P J.Forage fiber analyses (apparatus,reagent,procedure,and some application)[M].Washington,D.C.:United States Department of Agriculture,1970:1-20.
[30] EUN J S,BEAUCHEMIN K A,HONG S H,et al.Exogenous enzymes added to untreated or ammoniated rice straw:effects on in vitro fermentation characteristics and degradability[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2006,131(1/2):86-101.
[31] GIRALDO L A,TEJIDO M L,RANILLA M J,et al.Effects of exogenous cellulase supplementation on microbial growth and ruminal fermentation of a high-forage diet in Rusitec fermenters[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(8):1962-1970.  
[32] EUN J S,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Assessment of the potential of feed enzyme additives to enhance utilization of corn silage fibre by ruminants[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2008,88(1):97-106.  
[33] EUN J S,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Enhancing in vitro degradation of alfalfa hay and corn silage using feed enzymes[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(6):2839-2851.  
[34] STROBEL H J,DAWSON K A.Xylose and arabinose utilization by the rumen bacterium butyrivibrio-fibrisolvens[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,1993,113(3):291-296.  
[35] EUN J S,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Assessment of the efficacy of varying experimental exogenous fibrolytic enzymes using in vitro fermentation characteristics[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,132(3/4):298-315.
[36] TIRADO-ESTRADA G,MENDOZA-MARTINEZ G D,PINOS-RODRIGUEZ J M,et al.Effects of two fibrolytic enzyme mixtures on growth performance,digestion and ruminal fermentation in lambs fed corn stover based diets[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2011,39(2):158-160.  
[37] ZHOU M,CHUNG Y H,BEAUCHEMIN K A,et al.Relationship between rumen methanogens and methane production in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with a feed enzyme additive[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2011,111(5):1148-1158.  
Outlines

/