[1] NRC.Nutrient requirements of swine[M].11th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2012.
[2] AMARAL-FILHA W S,BERNARDI M L,WENTZ I,et al.Reproductive performance of gilts according to growth rate and backfat thickness at mating[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2010,121:139-144.
[3] MILLER P S,JOHNSON R K,MORENO R,et al.Effects of nutrition during gilt development on lifetime productivity of sows of two profile maternal lines:summary of growth characteristics and sow productivity[C]//Nebraska swine report.Lincoln,N.E.:University of Nebraska-Lincoln,2008:18-20.
[4] HUGHES P E,SMITS R J,XIE Y,et al.Relationships among gilt and sow live weight,P2 back-fat depth,and culling rates[J].Journal of Swine Health Production,2010,18:301-305.
[5] TUMMARUK P,TANTASUPARUK W,TECHAKUMPHU M,et al.Age,body weight and back-fat thickness at first observed oestrus in crossbred Landrace×Yorkshire gilts,seasonal variations and their influence on subsequence reproductive performance[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2007,99:167-181.
[6] MILLER P S,MORENO R,JOHNSON R K.Effects of restricting energy during the gilt development period on growth and reproduction of lines differing in lean growth rate:responses in feed intake,growth,and age at puberty[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89:342-354.
[7] KLINDT J,YEN J T,CHRISTENSON R K.Level of dietary energy during prepubertal growth and reproductive development of gilts[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79:2513-2523.
[8] VAN-WETTERE W H E J,MITCHELL M,REVELL D K,et al.Nutritional restriction of pre-pubertal live-weight gain impairs ovarian follicle growth and oocyte developmental competence of replacement gilts[J].Therogenology,2011,75:1301-1310.
[9] 王延忠,吴德,徐盛玉,等.能量水平和来源对后备母猪卵母细胞质量及相关基因表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2008,39(12):1671-1678.
[10] HE D,FUNABASHI T,SANO A,et al.Effects of glucose and related substrates on the recovery of the electrical activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator which is decreased by insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the estrogen-primed ariectomized rat[J].Brain Research,1999,820:71-76.
[11] LONGO K M,SUN Y,GORE A C.Insulin-like growth factor-I effects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone biosynthesis in GT1-7 cells[J].Endocrinology,1998,139:125-132.
[12] EVANS A C V,O'DOHERTY J V.Endocrine changes and management factors affecting puberty in gilts[J].Livestock Production Science,2001,68:1-12.
[13] BARB C R,HAUSMAN G J,CZAJA K.Leptin:a metabolic signal affecting central regulation of reproduction in the pig[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2005,29:186-192.
[14] GAMBA M,PRALONG F P.Control of GnRH neuronal activity by metabolic factors:the role of leptin and insulin[J].Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,2006,254:133-139.
[15] ZHOU D S,FANG Z F,WU D,et al.Dietary energy source and feeding levels during the rearing period affect ovarian follicular development and oocyte maturation in gilts[J].Theriogenology,2010,74:202-211.
[16] KEMP B,SOEDE N M,HELMOND F A.Effects of energy source in the diet on reproductive hormones and insulin during lactation and subsequent estrus in multi-parious sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73:3022-3029.
[17] 周平,吴德,周东胜,等.能量水平及来源对后备母猪体成分、初情日龄和发情表现的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(2):123-129.
[18] 周东胜,吴德,卓勇,等.能量水平和来源对后备母猪血液代谢产物、激素分泌及卵泡液成分的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(5):683-690.
[19] TUMMARUK P,LUNDEHEIM N,EINARSSON S,et al.Effect of birth litter size,birth parity number,growth rate,back-fat thickness and age at first mating of gilts on their reproductive performance as sows[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2001,66:225-237.
[20] GAUGHAN J B,CAMERON R D A,DRYDEN G M,et al.Effect of selection for leanness on overall reproductive in large white sows[J].Animal Science,1995,61:561-564.
[21] FOXCROFT G.Getting to 30 pigs/sow/year[C]//London swine conference.London:[s.n.],2005:151-155.
[22] STEIN T E,DIJKHUIZEN A,D’ALLAIRE S,et al.Sow culling and mortality in commercial swine breeding herds[J].Preventive Veterinary Medicine,1990,9:85-94.
[23] LUCIA T,DIAL G D,MARCH W E.Lifetime reproductive performance in female pigs having distinct reasons for removal[J].Livestock Production Science,2000,63:213-222.
[24] NIMMO R D,PEO E R,CRENSHAW J D,et al.Effect of level of dietary calcium-phosphorus during growth and gestation on calcium-phosphorus balance and reproductive performance of first-litter sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,1981,52:1343-1349.
[25] VARLEY P F,CALLAN J J,O’DOHERTY J V.Effect of dietary phosphorus and calcium level and phytase addition on performance,bone parameters,apparent nutrient digestibility,mineral and nitrogen utilization of weaner pigs and the subsequent effect on finisher pig bone parameters[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,165:201-209.
[26] RYAN W F,LYNCH P B,O'DOHERTY J V.Effect of dietary phosphorus on the development of bone mineral density of pigs assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry[J].Livestock Science,2010,137:101-107.
[27] VARLEY P F,SWEENEY T,RYAN M T,et al.The effect of phosphorus restriction during the weaner-grower phase on compensatory growth,serum osteocalcin and bone mineralization in gilts[J].Livestock Science,2011,135:282-288.
[28] MAHAN D C.Effects of dietary vitamin E on sow reproductive performance over a five-parity period[J].Journal of Animal Science,1994,72:2870-2879.
[29] GRANDHI R R,SMITH M W,FRIGG M,et al.Effect of supplemental vitamin E during prepubertal development and early gestation on reproductive performance and nutrient metabolism in gilts[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1993,73:593-603.
[30] BENDICH A,GABRIEL E,MACHLIN L J.Dietary vitamin E requirement for optimum immune responses in the rat[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1986,116:675-681.
[31] RIEDEL-CASPARI G,SCHMIDT F W,GUNTHER K D,et al.Influence of oral dosing with vitamin E on the defense mechanisms of pigs at the early fattening stage[J].Journal of Veterinary Medicine,1986,33:650-663.